l_russian:

 USA_focus: "USA Focus Tree"

### Factions ###
north_pacific_agreement: "Соглашение по Северной Пацифике" #создано событием freerus.51

### Country Names ###
USA: "Америка"
USA_ADJ: "Американск"
USA_DEF: "Америка"

USA_totalist: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_totalist_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_syndicalist: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_syndicalist_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_radical_socialist: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_radical_socialist_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_social_democrat: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_social_democrat_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_social_liberal: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_social_liberal_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_market_liberal: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_market_liberal_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_social_conservative: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_social_conservative_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_authoritarian_democrat: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_paternal_autocrat: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_national_populist: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_national_populist_DEF: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"

USA_ACW: "Федеральное правительство США"
USA_ACW_ADJ: "Федерал"
USA_ACW_DEF: "Федеральное правительство США"

USA_ACW_colourless: "$USA_ACW$"
USA_ACW_colourless_ADJ: "$USA_ACW_ADJ$"
USA_ACW_colourless_DEF: "$USA_ACW_DEF$"

USA_ACW_macarthur: "Военная администрация США"
USA_ACW_macarthur_ADJ: "Федерал"
USA_ACW_macarthur_DEF: "Военная администрация США"

america: "$USA$"
america_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
america_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

america_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
america_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
america_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
america_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
america_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
america_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
america_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
america_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
america_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
america_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
america_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
america_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
america_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
america_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
america_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
america_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
america_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
america_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
america_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
america_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

america_blue: "$USA$"
america_blue_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
america_blue_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

america_blue_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
america_blue_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
america_blue_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
america_blue_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
america_blue_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
america_blue_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
america_blue_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
america_blue_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
america_blue_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
america_blue_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
america_blue_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
america_blue_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
america_blue_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
america_blue_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
america_blue_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
america_blue_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
america_blue_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
america_blue_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
america_blue_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
america_blue_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

america_49: "$USA_49$"
america_49_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
america_49_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

america_49_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
america_49_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
america_49_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
america_49_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
america_49_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
america_49_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
america_49_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
america_49_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
america_49_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
america_49_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
america_49_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
america_49_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
america_49_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
america_49_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
america_49_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
america_49_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
america_49_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
america_49_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
america_49_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
america_49_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

america_49_blue: "$USA$"
america_49_blue_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
america_49_blue_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

america_49_blue_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
america_49_blue_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
america_49_blue_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
america_49_blue_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
america_49_blue_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
america_49_blue_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
america_49_blue_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
america_49_blue_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
america_49_blue_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
america_49_blue_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
america_49_blue_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
america_49_blue_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
america_49_blue_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
america_49_blue_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
america_49_blue_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
america_49_blue_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
america_49_blue_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
america_49_blue_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
america_49_blue_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
america_49_blue_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

america_50: "$USA_50$"
america_50_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
america_50_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

america_50_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
america_50_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
america_50_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
america_50_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
america_50_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
america_50_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
america_50_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
america_50_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
america_50_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
america_50_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
america_50_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
america_50_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
america_50_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
america_50_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
america_50_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
america_50_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
america_50_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
america_50_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
america_50_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
america_50_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

 america_50_blue: "$USA$"
 america_50_blue_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
 america_50_blue_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

 america_50_blue_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
 america_50_blue_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
 america_50_blue_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
 america_50_blue_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
 america_50_blue_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
 america_50_blue_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
 america_50_blue_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
 america_50_blue_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
 america_50_blue_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
 america_50_blue_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
 america_50_blue_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
 america_50_blue_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

 america_51: "$USA_51$"
 america_51_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
 america_51_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

 america_51_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
 america_51_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
 america_51_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
 america_51_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
 america_51_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
 america_51_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
 america_51_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
 america_51_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
 america_51_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
 america_51_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
 america_51_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
 america_51_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
 america_51_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
 america_51_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
 america_51_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
 america_51_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
 america_51_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
 america_51_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
 america_51_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
 america_51_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

 america_51_blue: "$USA$"
 america_51_blue_ADJ: "$USA_ADJ$"
 america_51_blue_DEF: "$USA_DEF$"

 america_51_blue_totalist: "$USA_totalist$"
 america_51_blue_totalist_DEF: "$USA_totalist_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_syndicalist: "$USA_syndicalist$"
 america_51_blue_syndicalist_DEF: "$USA_syndicalist_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_radical_socialist: "$USA_radical_socialist$"
 america_51_blue_radical_socialist_DEF: "$USA_radical_socialist_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_social_democrat: "$USA_social_democrat$"
 america_51_blue_social_democrat_DEF: "$USA_social_democrat_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_social_liberal: "$USA_social_liberal$"
 america_51_blue_social_liberal_DEF: "$USA_social_liberal_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_market_liberal: "$USA_market_liberal$"
 america_51_blue_market_liberal_DEF: "$USA_market_liberal_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_social_conservative: "$USA_social_conservative$"
 america_51_blue_social_conservative_DEF: "$USA_social_conservative_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_authoritarian_democrat: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat$"
 america_51_blue_authoritarian_democrat_DEF: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_paternal_autocrat: "$USA_paternal_autocrat$"
 america_51_blue_paternal_autocrat_DEF: "$USA_paternal_autocrat_DEF$"
 america_51_blue_national_populist: "$USA_national_populist$"
 america_51_blue_national_populist_DEF: "$USA_national_populist_DEF$"

### Parties ###
 #Pre-War
USA_totalist_party: "Трудовая образовательная лига профсоюзов"
USA_totalist_party_long: "Трудовая образовательная лига профсоюзов\n§LПоследняя и наиболее устойчивая из нескольких синдикалистских организаций, основанных Уильямом З. Фостером. Создана в 1920 году из остатков Лиги синдикалистов Северной Америки и Международной лиги. TUEL выступает против участия в выборах, как у социалистов, и против стратегии параллельных профсоюзов, как у ИРР. Она пропагандирует ультрасиндикализм и тактику 'разложения изнутри' — особенно успешную в Чикаго, где профобъединение во главе с Джоном Фицпатриком сблизилось с Фостером. Идеологически TUEL также отклонилась от мейнстрим-социализма, продвигая 'патриотический синдикализм', вдохновлённый идеями Сореля.§!"
USA_syndicalist_party: "Фермеро-рабочая - СПА (Индустриальные)"
USA_syndicalist_party_long: "Фермеро-рабочая партия - Социалистическая партия Америки (Индустриальный союзистский фракционализм)\n§LСозданная в 1930 году как широкий союз прогрессивных и трудовых организаций, партия стремительно развивалась. СПА — крупнейший участник, основанная в 1901, объединила рабочих, фермеров, иммигрантов и реформаторов. После революционной волны 1910-х в ней произошёл раскол между умеренными и радикалами. Победившие радикалы вступили во Фермеро-рабочую под влиянием успеха британской революции. Это позволило им добиться крупных электоральных успехов. СПА требует национализации промышленности и немедленной помощи рабочим и фермерам. Споры идут о форме власти: синдикализм или республика.§!"
USA_radical_socialist_party: "Фермеро-рабочая - СПА (Прогрессивные)"
USA_radical_socialist_party_long: "Фермеро-рабочая партия - Социалистическая партия Америки (Прогрессивный кокус)\n§L(Текст как выше, но акцент на прогрессивное крыло и умеренность.)§!"
USA_social_democrat_party: "Фермеро-рабочая (Прог.)"
USA_social_democrat_party_long: "Фермеро-рабочая партия - Прогрессивная фракция\n§L(Смягчённый вариант с упором на умеренные меры: нац. коммунальных услуг, профсоюзы, социалка, но не полная национализация.)§!"
USA_social_liberal_party: "Демократы (Либ.)"
USA_social_liberal_party_long: "Демократическая партия - Либеральное крыло\n§L(Северное, прогрессивное крыло, опирающееся на католиков, этнические меньшинства, сторонников участия в международных делах и мягкой экономики нового курса.)§!"
USA_market_liberal_party: "Республиканцы"
USA_market_liberal_party_long: "Республиканская партия\n§L(Традиционная партия буржуазии и промышленников. Разделена на прогрессивное, либеральное и консервативное крыло. Отстаивает капитализм, тарифы и ограниченный интервенционизм.)§!"
USA_social_conservative_party: "Демократы (Кон.)"
USA_social_conservative_party_long: "Демократическая партия - Консервативное крыло\n§L(Южане, выступающие против гражданских прав, предпочитают местный контроль и защиту малого бизнеса. Сильна в аграрных регионах юга.)§!"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party: "Демократы (Реакц.)"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_long: "Демократическая партия - Реакционное крыло\n§L(Глубоко южные, националистические, ксенофобские политики — Талмидж, Билбо и пр. Склонны отделиться от основной партии.)§!"
USA_paternal_autocrat_party: "Армия США"
USA_paternal_autocrat_party_long: "Вооружённые силы США\n§L(Клика генерала Макартура — наиболее влиятельная среди офицеров. Агитация за победу над "внутренними врагами", антикоммунизм и милитаризм.)§!"
USA_national_populist_party: "Демократы (Лонгисты)"
USA_national_populist_party_long: "Демократическая партия - Лонгистская фракция\n§L(Губернатор Луизианы Хьюи Лонг и его программа "Разделим богатство". Популизм, выступает отдельно от партийного мейнстрима, готовится баллотироваться самостоятельно.)§!"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union: "Союз (Реакц.)"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union_long_tt: "Партия Союза - Реакционное крыло"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union_long: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union_long_tt$\n§L(Союз — новая политическая сила, созданная под кандидатуру Лонга, включает реакционеров юга, недовольных демократами.)§!"
USA_national_populist_party_union: "Союз (Популисты)"
USA_national_populist_party_union_long_tt: "Партия Союза - Популистское крыло"
USA_national_populist_party_union_long: "$USA_national_populist_party_union_long_tt$\n§L(Западные фермерские штаты, ядро сторонников Лонга и прогрессивно-популистских сенаторов вроде Уилера. Наиболее лояльная ему база.)§!"
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar: "Социалисты (Индустриалы)"
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt: "Социалистическая партия Америки - Индустриальный союзистский фракционализм"
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long: "$USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt$\n§L(СПА отделилась от фермеро-рабочих и снова действует независимо, продвигая профсоюзное влияние и радикальные меры.)§!"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar: "Социалисты (Прогрессивные)"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt: "Социалистическая партия Америки - Прогрессивный кокус"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long: "$USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt$\n§L(То же, но с акцентом на умеренные социалистические элементы, отколовшиеся от коалиции.)§!"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar: "Фермеро-рабочая"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt: "Фермеро-рабочая партия"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long: "$USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt$\n§L(Оставшиеся умеренные после выхода СПА. Популистские фермерские организации, политически ослабленные.)§!"
USA_social_liberal_party: "Демократы (Либ.)"
USA_social_liberal_party_long: "Демократическая партия — либеральное крыло\n§LСтарейшая действующая политическая партия в мире, Демократическая партия была основана более 100 лет назад в 1828 году Эндрю Джексоном и Мартином ван Бюреном. Первоначально аграрно-популистская партия, отстаивающая принципы Джефферсона, она со временем превратилась сначала в (в целом) прорабовладельческую силу, затем — в аграрную и южную оппозицию республиканцам, а позже — в западную, южную и всё более городскую партию с либеральным уклоном.\n\nЛиберальное крыло демократов, обычно связанное с севером, в значительной степени продолжает линию Вудро Вильсона. Его поддерживают городские «этнические» католики, а также либералы, выступающие против Farmer-Labor. Это крыло выступает за умеренное вмешательство государства в экономику и активное участие на мировой арене.§!"
USA_market_liberal_party: "Республиканцы"
USA_market_liberal_party_long: "Республиканская партия\n§LОснованная в 1854 году как широкий союз против рабовладельческой власти, Республиканская партия с окончания Гражданской войны считается «естественной партией власти» в США. Представляя интересы промышленности, ставшей доминирующей после поражения Юга, а также протестантов восточного побережья и зажиточных фермеров запада, республиканцы долгие годы сохраняли политическое господство.\n\nПартия разделена на прогрессивное, либеральное и консервативное крыло. Консерваторы поддерживают высокие тарифы и экономику невмешательства, либералы и прогрессисты — тарифную реформу и умеренное вмешательство, хотя и менее централизованное, чем у других либералов. Также имеются различия во внешней политике: либералы выступают за интервенционизм, тогда как прогрессисты и консерваторы — за изоляционизм.§!"
USA_social_conservative_party: "Демократы (Конс.)"
USA_social_conservative_party_long: "Демократическая партия — консервативное крыло\n§LСтарейшая действующая политическая партия в мире, Демократическая партия была основана более 100 лет назад в 1828 году Эндрю Джексоном и Мартином ван Бюреном. Первоначально аграрно-популистская партия, отстаивающая принципы Джефферсона, она со временем превратилась сначала в (в целом) прорабовладельческую силу, затем — в аграрную и южную оппозицию республиканцам, а позже — в западную, южную и всё более городскую партию с либеральным уклоном.\n\nКонсервативное крыло демократов, обычно связанное с Югом, доминирует в регионе с конца Реконструкции. Оно является естественной партией власти на юге, где выдвижение от демократов зачастую равносильно избранию. Внутри крыла существуют как аграрные реакционеры, так и более умеренные реформаторы. Все они, как правило, выступают против реформ гражданских прав и противодействуют централизации экономики, поддерживая мелкий бизнес и землевладельцев.§!"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party: "Демократы (Реакц.)"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_long: "Демократическая партия — реакционное крыло\n§LСтарейшая действующая политическая партия в мире, Демократическая партия была основана более 100 лет назад в 1828 году Эндрю Джексоном и Мартином ван Бюреном. Первоначально аграрно-популистская партия, отстаивающая принципы Джефферсона, она со временем превратилась сначала в (в целом) прорабовладельческую силу, затем — в аграрную и южную оппозицию республиканцам, а позже — в западную, южную и всё более городскую партию с либеральным уклоном.\n\nНаиболее анахроничной частью партии остаются реакционеры с американского Юга, десятилетиями сопротивляющиеся либеральным тенденциям, олицетворяемым, например, Альфредом Смитом. Националистические, расистские и в целом крайне консервативные (хотя и с популистским уклоном), они начинают уставать от национального руководства партии. Такие фигуры, как Теодор Билбо и Юджин Талмидж, всё чаще задумываются о выходе из партии.§!"
USA_paternal_autocrat_party: "Вооружённые силы США"
USA_paternal_autocrat_party_long: "Вооружённые силы Соединённых Штатов\n§LТо, что ранее считалось немыслимым табу, — вмешательство армии в политику — стало неизбежным следствием растущей нестабильности и насилия. Среди потенциальных заговорщиков — Смедли Батлер, Джордж Ван Хорн Мозли, но больше всего влияния имеет генерал Дуглас Макартур и его окружение. По мере того как страна приближается к хаосу, призывы Макартура к разгрому «антиамериканских» сил находят всё больший отклик как среди военных, так и вне их рядов.§!"
USA_national_populist_party: "Демократы (Лонгисты)"
USA_national_populist_party_long: "Демократическая партия — лонгистское крыло\n§LСтарейшая действующая политическая партия в мире, Демократическая партия была основана более 100 лет назад в 1828 году Эндрю Джексоном и Мартином ван Бюреном. Первоначально аграрно-популистская партия, отстаивающая принципы Джефферсона, она со временем превратилась сначала в (в целом) прорабовладельческую силу, затем — в аграрную и южную оппозицию республиканцам, а позже — в западную, южную и всё более городскую партию с либеральным уклоном.\n\nНаиболее громким именем последних лет стал губернатор Луизианы Хьюи Лонг. Его популистская программа «Поделим богатство» обрела большую популярность в стране, переживающей депрессию. Однако его отношения с партийным истеблишментом давно испорчены. Годы конфликтов с администрацией Смита подталкивают Лонга к выдвижению на президентский пост — даже если ради этого придётся выйти из партии.§!"
 ##Union Party
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union: "Союз (Реакц.)"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union_long_tt: "Партия Союза — реакционное крыло"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union_long: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_union_long_tt$\n§LНовейшая из крупных партий в американской политике, Партия Союза была недавно создана в первую очередь как средство для президентской кампании Хьюи Лонга, после того как стало ясно, что он не сможет получить номинацию Демократической партии. Эта широкая коалиция, объединяющая демократов, реакционеров и анти-синдикалистских прогрессистов, скреплена в основном общей оппозицией администрации Смита и временным союзом вокруг фигуры Лонга.\n\nХотя традиционной базой поддержки Лонга остаются фермерские штаты Среднего Запада, к нему присоединились и реакционные популистские лидеры южных демократов, такие как Юджин Талмидж и Теодор Билбо, движимые неприязнью к Смиту. Эти южане объединены прежде всего своей верой в превосходство белых и отвращением к либерализму Смита. Однако их поддержка Лонга явно временная и вряд ли сохранится в случае серьёзных разногласий.§!"
USA_national_populist_party_union: "Союз (Популисты)"
USA_national_populist_party_union_long_tt: "Партия Союза — популистское крыло"
USA_national_populist_party_union_long: "$USA_national_populist_party_union_long_tt$\n§LНовейшая из крупных партий в американской политике, Партия Союза была недавно создана в первую очередь как средство для президентской кампании Хьюи Лонга, после того как стало ясно, что он не сможет получить номинацию Демократической партии. Эта широкая коалиция, объединяющая демократов, реакционеров и анти-синдикалистских прогрессистов, скреплена в основном общей оппозицией администрации Смита и временным союзом вокруг фигуры Лонга.\n\nОсновной личной опорой Лонга в национальной политике остаются фермерские штаты американского Запада, где его прогрессивные, но децентрализованные экономические идеи находят наибольший отклик. Лонг заручился поддержкой западных сенаторов вроде Бёртона Уиллера, открыто выступающих за его программу «Поделим богатство». Именно это западное крыло новой партии является наиболее лично преданным Лонгу и, скорее всего, останется с ним до конца.§!"

 #Olson Split
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar: "Социалисты (Индустриальные)"
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt: "Социалистическая партия Америки — индустриал-синдикалистское крыло"
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long: "$USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt$\n§LОснованная в 1901 году, Социалистическая партия Америки быстро зарекомендовала себя как главная социалистическая сила в США. Первоначально она пользовалась поддержкой рабочих, фермеров, иммигрантов и социальных реформаторов. Однако волна революций конца 1910-х годов вызвала внутри неё серьёзный кризис и ожесточённую борьбу между умеренными «регулярами» и радикалами, выступавшими за революционные действия.\n\nХотя радикалы одержали верх, успех Британской революции заставил их присоединиться к Партии фермеров и трудящихся, что позволило социалистам добиться масштабных электоральных побед в 1932 и 1934 годах, включая захват власти в ряде штатов Среднего Запада. Именно это проникновение в Farmer-Labor позволило SPA стать влиятельной силой, которая теперь окончательно освободилась от её пут.§!"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar: "Социалисты (Прогрессисты)"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt: "Социалистическая партия Америки — прогрессивное крыло"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long: "$USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt$\n§LОснованная в 1901 году, Социалистическая партия Америки быстро зарекомендовала себя как главная социалистическая сила в США. Первоначально она пользовалась поддержкой рабочих, фермеров, иммигрантов и социальных реформаторов. Однако волна революций конца 1910-х годов вызвала внутри неё серьёзный кризис и ожесточённую борьбу между умеренными «регулярами» и радикалами, выступавшими за революционные действия.\n\nХотя радикалы одержали верх, успех Британской революции заставил их присоединиться к Партии фермеров и трудящихся, что позволило социалистам добиться масштабных электоральных побед в 1932 и 1934 годах, включая захват власти в ряде штатов Среднего Запада. Именно это проникновение в Farmer-Labor позволило SPA стать влиятельной силой, которая теперь окончательно освободилась от её пут.§!"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar: "Фермеро-трудовая"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt: "Партия фермеров и трудящихся"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long: "$USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_prewar_long_tt$\n§LПосле распада старой Фермеро-трудовой партии и неожиданного выхода из неё SPA, оставшиеся политики Farmer-Labor начали перестраивать движение без влияния социалистов. Отступив к популистской аграрной риторике и, где возможно, умеренному профсоюзному активизму, новая Farmer-Labor представляет собой лишь тень былого могущества на фоне нарастающей поляризации между радикалами и истеблишментом.§!"

 #Post-War
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor: "Социалисты (Индустриальные)"
USA_syndicalist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_long: "Социалистическая партия Америки\n§LОснованная в 1901 году, Социалистическая партия Америки быстро стала главной социалистической силой страны. Получая поддержку от рабочих, фермеров, иммигрантов и реформаторов, она вскоре столкнулась с внутренним расколом: между умеренными «регулярами» и радикалами, выступающими за революционные методы борьбы.\n\nРадикалы одержали верх, однако под влиянием Британской революции вступили в ряды Фермеро-трудовой партии, что позволило им добиться впечатляющих успехов на выборах 1932 и 1934 годов, захватив власть в нескольких штатах Среднего Запада. Именно это слияние сделало SPA опасной силой, способной спровоцировать гражданскую войну. В связи с этим партия теперь запрещена на территориях, контролируемых федеральным правительством, а её активисты арестовываются — или хуже — даже при малейшем подозрении.§!"

USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor: "Социалисты (Прогрессисты)"
USA_radical_socialist_party_no_Farmer_Labor_long: "Социалистическая партия Америки\n§LОснованная в 1901 году, Социалистическая партия Америки быстро стала главной социалистической силой страны. Получая поддержку от рабочих, фермеров, иммигрантов и реформаторов, она вскоре столкнулась с внутренним расколом: между умеренными «регулярами» и радикалами, выступающими за революционные методы борьбы.\n\nРадикалы одержали верх, однако под влиянием Британской революции вступили в ряды Фермеро-трудовой партии, что позволило им добиться впечатляющих успехов на выборах 1932 и 1934 годов, захватив власть в нескольких штатах Среднего Запада. Именно это слияние сделало SPA опасной силой, способной спровоцировать гражданскую войну. В связи с этим партия теперь запрещена на территориях, контролируемых федеральным правительством, а её активисты арестовываются — или хуже — даже при малейшем подозрении.§!"

USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor: "Фермеро-трудовая"
USA_social_democrat_party_no_Farmer_Labor_long: "Партия фермеров и трудящихся\n§LПосле распада старой Фермеро-трудовой партии и выхода SPA из легальной политики, оставшиеся верные делу политики начали воссоздавать партию без вмешательства социалистов. Ушедшая в популистский аграрный активизм и, где возможно, в умеренную поддержку профсоюзов, новая Фермеро-трудовая партия представляет собой лишь тень прежней силы, уступая место доминированию двух главных партий.§!"

USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise: "Демократы (лонгисты)"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_long_tt: "Демократическая партия — лонгистское крыло"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_long: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_long_tt$\n§LСтарейшая из ныне действующих политических партий мира, Демократическая партия была основана в 1828 году Эндрю Джексоном и Мартином ван Бюреном. Первоначально аграрно-популистская, затем ставшая прорабовладельческой, партия трансформировалась в силу, ориентированную на Юг, Запад и урбанизированные центры с либеральным уклоном.\n\nСамая известная фигура последних лет — губернатор Луизианы Хьюи Лонг, чья программа «Разделим богатство» завоевала поддержку миллионов в разгар Великой депрессии. Хотя Лонг баллотировался от третьей силы в 1936 году, впоследствии он вернулся в лоно демократов и теперь, более популярный, чем когда-либо, имеет реальные шансы стать партийным кандидатом в президенты, опираясь на широкую популистскую коалицию. Правда, с меньшей радикальностью, чем прежде.§!"

USA_national_populist_party_compromise: "Америка прежде всего"
USA_national_populist_party_compromise_long_tt: "Комитет «Америка прежде всего»"
USA_national_populist_party_compromise_long: "$USA_national_populist_party_compromise_long_tt$\n§LС началом гражданской войны в США изоляционистские и крайне правые взгляды обрели широкую популярность. Ранее представленные в Союзной партии, они раскололись после того, как Хьюи Лонг отказался от этой платформы и вернулся к демократам. Те, кто придерживается более ортодоксальных консервативных взглядов, объединились в новую силу — Комитет «Америка прежде всего».\n\nПод руководством бывшего союзника Лонга Джеральда Л. К. Смита (уволенного в 1937) и знаменитого авиатора Чарльза Линдберга организация подала большие надежды, но вскоре их влияние пошло на спад. Вряд ли она в ближайшее время станет решающим игроком на политической сцене.§!"

USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_killed: "Демократы (Реакционеры)"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_killed_long_tt: "Демократическая партия — реакционное крыло"
USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_killed_long: "$USA_authoritarian_democrat_party_compromise_killed_long_tt$\n§LСтарейшая из ныне действующих политических партий мира, Демократическая партия была основана в 1828 году Эндрю Джексоном и Мартином ван Бюреном. Первоначально аграрно-популистская, затем ставшая прорабовладельческой, партия трансформировалась в силу, ориентированную на Юг, Запад и урбанизированные центры с либеральным уклоном.\n\nНаиболее архаичным крылом партии остаются южные реакционеры, годами сопротивлявшиеся попыткам модернизации, олицетворённым фигурами вроде Алла Смита. Националисты, сторонники превосходства белых и консервативные популисты, они сначала поддержали крестовый поход Лонга, но после его смерти вернулись в ряды Демпартии — побитыми, но не сломленными.§!"

USA_market_liberal_party_postwar: "Республиканцы"
USA_market_liberal_party_postwar_long: "Республиканская партия\n§LОснованная в 1854 году как объединённая оппозиция рабовладельцам, Республиканская партия с конца Гражданской войны считалась естественной правящей силой страны. Представляя индустриальные интересы, протестантов северо-востока и зажиточных фермеров Запада, партия долгое время доминировала в американской политике.\n\nРазделённая на прогрессивное, либеральное и консервативное крыло, она отличается меньшей внутренней поляризацией, чем демократы. Консерваторы поддерживают высокие тарифы и свободный рынок, либералы склоняются к более умеренному регулированию экономики. По внешней политике либералы выступают за интервенции, тогда как консерваторы и прогрессисты предпочитают изоляционизм.§!"

USA_paternal_autocrat_party_postwar: "Военные США"
USA_paternal_autocrat_party_postwar_long: "Вооружённые силы Соединённых Штатов\n§LКогда-то считавшееся немыслимым, вмешательство армии в политику стало реальностью. Под руководством генерала Дугласа Макартура военные объявили чрезвычайное положение и взяли власть в Вашингтоне с целью «спасти нацию» от хаоса. Хотя действия генерала поддержали крайние консерваторы в Конгрессе, остальная страна восприняла их с тревогой. У режима Макартура мало союзников за пределами военной клики и так называемой Консервативной коалиции. Будущее его власти — под вопросом.§!"

### Traits ###
 #Olson:
 USA_skipper: "\"Skipper\""
 #Roosevelt:
 USA_bullmoose_jr: "Bullmoose Jr."
 #Smith:
 USA_man_at_the_crossroads: "Man at the Crossroads"
 #Barkley:
 USA_old_alben: "Old Alben"
 #Vandenberg:
 USA_distinguished_parliamentarian: "Distinguished Parliamentarian"
 #Lucas:
 USA_humble_farmboy: "Humble Farmboy"
 #Douglas:
 USA_reconstructed_leftist: "Reconstructed Leftist"
 #Hoover:
 USA_the_great_engineer: "The Great Engineer"
 #Landon:
 USA_the_sunflower: "The Sunflower"
 #Borah:
 USA_the_lion_of_idaho: "The Lion of Idaho"
 #Hull:
 USA_wilsonian_idealist: "Wilsonian Idealist"
 #Taft:
 USA_mr_republican: "Mr. Republican"
 #MacArthur:
 USA_cincinnatus: "Cincinnatus"
 #Willkie:
 USA_political_outsider: "Political Outsider"
 #Halleck:
 USA_foe_of_the_establishment: "Foe of the Establishment"
 #Eisenhower:
 USA_civil_war_veteran: "Civil War Veteran"
 #Garner:
 USA_cactus_jack: "\"Cactus Jack\""
 #Byrd:
 USA_symbol_of_the_old_south: "Symbol of the Old South"
 #Russell Jr.:
 USA_jim_crows_champion: "Jim Crow's Champion"
 #Chandler:
 USA_crossing_the_colour_line: "Crossing the Colour Line"
 #Sparkman:
 USA_engineering_americas_future: "Engineering America's Future"

 USA_shadow_president: "Shadow President"
 USA_american_caesar: "The American Caesar"

### Ship Name Lists ###
NAME_THEME_FISH_US: "Рыбы (Подводные лодки)"
NAME_HEROES_NAVY_US: "Герои флота (Эсминцы)"
NAME_HEROES_ACW_US: "Герои Гражданской войны (Эсминцы)"
NAME_THEME_CITIES_US: "Города (Крейсеры)"
NAME_THEME_BATTLES_US: "Знаменитые сражения (Броненосные крейсеры)"
NAME_THEME_STATES_US: "Штаты (Линкоры)"
NAME_THEME_TERRITORIES_US: "Территории"
NAME_THEME_APG: "Американское народное правительство"
NAME_THEME_HAW_ISLANDS: "Гавайские острова"
NAME_THEME_HAW_MOUNTAINS: "Горы Гавайев"
NAME_THEME_HAW_CITIES: "Города Гавайев"

### Opinion Modifiers ###
USA_joined_league: "Вступили в Лигу"
USA_american_trade: "Американские торговые связи"
USA_demanded_fee_payment: "Потребовали оплату портовых сборов"

### Global and Country Flags ###
USA_civil_war_over_flag: "Гражданская война в США окончена"
USA_civil_war_begun_flag: "Гражданская война в США началась"
macarthur_keeps_power_flag: "Макартур сохранил чрезвычайные полномочия"
USA_ACW_austerity_rejected: "Сформирован союз с Лонгом"
USA_ACW_landon_rallied_establishment: "Лэндон сплотил истеблишмент вокруг администрации"
USA_had_1936_election: "Президентские выборы 1936 года состоялись"
USA_macarthur_coup: "§YГенерал Макартур§! захватил власть"
USA_smith_calls_for_relief: "Президент требует принять закон о чрезвычайной помощи"
USA_government_paralysis: "Правительство парализовано и неспособно действовать"
USA_social_security_fails_flag: "Законопроект о социальном обеспечении провалился"

### Techs ###
 USA_tech_marine_bonus: "USMC"
 ACC_tech_marine_bonus: "$USA_tech_marine_bonus$"
 APG_tech_marine_bonus: "$USA_tech_marine_bonus$"
 NEE_tech_marine_bonus: "$USA_tech_marine_bonus$"

 USA_tech_marine_bonus_2: "Improved USMC"
 ACC_tech_marine_bonus_2: "$USA_tech_marine_bonus_2$"
 APG_tech_marine_bonus_2: "$USA_tech_marine_bonus_2$"
 NEE_tech_marine_bonus_2: "$USA_tech_marine_bonus_2$"

### Tooltips ###
 USA_subject_of_foreign_power: "является марионеткой иностранной державы"
USA_owns_american_cores: "владеет землями, на которые претендуют США"
USA_four_league_members: "Более чем $RIGHT|Y0$ стран входят в §Y$USA_league_of_america$§!"
USA_attack_socialists_and_natpops_in_americas: "атаковать §Yсоциалистические§! и §Y$national_populist$§! государства в §YАмерике§!"
USA_invite_countries_to_loas: "пригласить страны Америки в §Y$USA_league_of_america$§!"
USA_develop_countries_in_loas: "инвестировать в экономику членов §Y$USA_league_of_america$§!"
USA_puppet_countries_in_loas: "установить марионеточные режимы среди членов §Y$USA_league_of_america$§!"
USA_no_hostile_tags_in_americas: "Все страны в §YАмерике§!:$TRIGGER$"
USA_may_send_advisors: "§CТеперь мы можем отправлять советников странам, воюющим с нашими врагами, а также предоставлять им военный доступ§!\n"
USA_olson_is_president: "§YФлойд Олсон§! приведён к присяге как президент"
USA_long_is_president: "§YХьюи Лонг§! приведён к присяге как президент"
USA_borah_is_president: "§YУильям Бора§! приведён к присяге как президент"
USA_landon_is_president: "§YАльф Лэндон§! приведён к присяге как президент"
USA_Long_gains_strength: "§YЛонисты§! §Rукрепляют§! позиции\n"
USA_SPA_gains_strength: "§YСоциалистическая партия§! §Rукрепляет§! позиции\n"
USA_Long_gains_strength2: "§YЛонисты§! §Rзначительно укрепляют§! позиции\n"
USA_SPA_gains_strength2: "§YСоциалистическая партия§! §Rзначительно укрепляет§! позиции\n"
USA_Long_loses_strength: "§YЛонисты§! §Gтеряют§! позиции\n"
USA_SPA_loses_strength: "§YСоциалистическая партия§! §Gтеряет§! позиции\n"

USA_armored_cavalry_effect_tooltip: "Заменяет §H$USA_Chaffee_plan$§! на §H$USA_Chaffee_plan5$§!\nИзменения:\n$MODIFIER_ARMY_ARMOR_SPEED_FACTOR$: [?0.15|=+%0]\n$MODIFIER_ARMY_ORG_FACTOR$: [?0.05|=+%0]\n$MODIFIER_ARMY_MORALE_FACTOR$: [?0.1|=+%0]\n$MODIFIERS_ARMY_ATTACK_FACTOR$: [?0.1|=+%0]\n$MODIFIERS_ARMY_CORE_ATTACK_FACTOR$: [?-0.1|=+%0]\n$MODIFIER_ARMY_ARMOR_ATTACK_FACTOR$: [?0.05|=+%0]\n$MODIFIER_ARMY_ARMOR_DEFENCE_FACTOR$: [?0.05|=+%0]"

USA_armored_cavalry_choice_tooltip: "В зависимости от выбора в событии §H$ustates.605.t$§! получите один из вариантов:\n1. §H$EQUIPMENT_ARMOR$§!: $STAT_COMMON_BUILD_COST_IC$[?-0.05|-=%], Надёжность: [?0.10|+=%], Макс. скорость: [?0.10|+=%], Противотанковая атака: [?0.1|+=%], Броня: [?0.10|+=%]\n\n2. §H$EQUIPMENT_ARMOR$§!: Надёжность: [?0.10|+=%], Макс. скорость: [?0.10|+=%], Броня: [?0.10|+=%]"

USA_smith_calls_for_relief_tooltip: "Президент потребует принять закон о чрезвычайной помощи\n"
USA_long_guaranteed_re_election_tooltip: "Президент больше не сможет проиграть переизбрание."

USA_trials_will_begin: "Мы начнём §Yсудебные процессы§! над генералами-предателями"
USA_enemy_on_other_continent: "Находится §Hне в Северной Америке§!"
USA_increase_Long_state_support: "§RУвеличить§! влияние §Hлонистов§! в регионе"
USA_decrease_Long_state_support: "§GСнизить§! влияние §Hлонистов§! в регионе"
USA_increase_SPA_state_support: "§RУвеличить§! влияние §HСПА§! в регионе"
USA_decrease_SPA_state_support: "§GСнизить§! влияние §HСПА§! в регионе"

USA_harlan_deputise_tooltip: "§YСнизит вероятность захвата Харлана профсоюзами,§! §Rно ополченцы могут выйти из-под контроля...§!\n§RХарлан всегда непредсказуем.§!\n"
USA_harlan_reinforce_tooltip: "§YСнизит вероятность обострения ситуации в Харлане.§!\n§RХарлан всегда непредсказуем.§!\n"
USA_harlan_do_nothing_tooltip: "§YВыжидание — тоже стратегия,§! §Rно инициатива перейдёт к профсоюзам...§!\n§RХарлан всегда непредсказуем.§!\n"
USA_harlan_martial_law_tooltip: "§GЭто снизит вероятность дестабилизации ситуации в Харлане вне зависимости от других действий.§!\n"
USA_harlan_negotiation_tooltip: "§GВ случае кризиса у нас будет больше свободы для переговоров с профсоюзами.§!\n"

USA_landon_liberals_tooltip: "§YЭто поможет нам вернуть либералов на свою сторону.§!\n"
USA_landon_conservatives_tooltip: "§YЭто поможет нам вернуть консерваторов на свою сторону.§!\n"

USA_landon_liberals_result_tooltip: "§YРанее мы заручились поддержкой либералов, что §Gувеличит§! наши шансы на принятие Закона о восстановлении.§!\n"
USA_landon_conservatives_result_tooltip: "§YРанее мы заручились поддержкой консерваторов, что §Gувеличит§! наши шансы на принятие Закона о восстановлении.§!\n"

USA_landon_success_tooltip: "§GЗакон о восстановлении принят§!\n"
USA_landon_failure_tooltip: "§RЗакон о восстановлении провален§!\n"
USA_landon_middle_tooltip: "§YМы займём выжидательную позицию и попробуем привлечь больше поддержки.§!\n"

USA_iron_fist_tooltip: "§GВыбор этого фокуса остановит рост влияния экстремистов, пока он активен.§!\n"
USA_lost_faith_in_administration_tooltip: "§RНарод утратил веру в нашу способность справиться с кризисом.§!\n"

USA_borah_negotiations_intro_tooltip: "В предстоящих переговорах нам нужно балансировать между §nХьюи Лонгом§! и его §gюжными сторонниками§!. Чтобы склонить их на свою сторону, у нас будет две §Yзначения атаки:§! §GМягкая атака§! и §RЖёсткая атака§!. §nЛонг§! и §gюжане§! будут иметь свои §Yзначения защиты§!, изначально равные §Y5§!. В конце цепочки событий мы выберем, какую атаку использовать против каждого из них.\n\nЧтобы склонить их на свою сторону, наша §Yатака§! должна быть §Gвыше§! их §Yзащиты§!. Победа над одной из сторон — уже успех, предотвращающий потерю контроля на Юге. Победа над обеими принесёт серьёзные бонусы в §Rнеизбежной борьбе с социалистами.§!\n"

USA_borah_soft_x2_tooltip: "§YЭто §Gудвоит§! прирост §GМягкой атаки§!.§!\n"
USA_borah_hard_x2_tooltip: "§YЭто §Gудвоит§! прирост §RЖёсткой атаки§!.§!\n"

USA_borah_gain_soft_attack_tooltip: "§YМы получим §G[?USA_borah_negotiations_temp_var]§! §GМягкой атаки§!§!\n"
USA_borah_gain_hard_attack_tooltip: "§YМы получим §G[?USA_borah_negotiations_temp_var]§! §RЖёсткой атаки§!§!\n"

USA_borah_long_lose_defence_tooltip: "§Y§nЛонг§! потеряет §G[?USA_borah_negotiations_temp_var]§! защиты§!\n"
USA_borah_south_lose_defence_tooltip: "§Y§gЮжане§! потеряют §G[?USA_borah_negotiations_temp_var]§! защиты§!\n"

USA_borah_long_hard_south_soft_tooltip: "§YПротив §nЛонга§! используем §RЖёсткую атаку§!, против §gюжан§! — §GМягкую§!\n"
USA_borah_long_soft_south_hard_tooltip: "§YПротив §nЛонга§! используем §GМягкую атаку§!, против §gюжан§! — §RЖёсткую§!\n"

USA_borah_negotiations_leak_risk_tooltip: "§YЕсли наша атака не пробьёт защиту §gюжан§!, это может §Rобернуться против нас§!§!\n"

USA_borah_negotiations_values_tooltip: "Текущие значения атаки:\n§GМягкая атака§!: §G[?USA_borah_negotiations_soft_attack]§!\n§RЖёсткая атака§!: §R[?USA_borah_negotiations_hard_attack]§!\n\nТекущие значения защиты:\n§nЗащита Лонга§!: §n[?USA_borah_negotiations_long_defence]§!\n§gЗащита южан§!: §g[?USA_borah_negotiations_south_defence]§!"

USA_Pre_War_President_Long: "Президент Лонг"
USA_Pre_War_President_Olson: "Президент Олсон"
USA_Pre_War_President_Landon: "Президент Лэндон"
USA_Pre_War_President_Borah: "Президент Бора"
USA_Pre_War_President_Roosevelt: "И.о. президента Рузвельт"
USA_Pre_War_President_Default: "президент"


### Technology Sharing ###
 us_research_name: "Inter-American Defense College"
 us_research_desc: "The Inter-American Defense College is designed to improve science and develop research with members of the League of American States.\n"

### Ideas ###
USA_great_depression: "Великая депрессия"
USA_great_depression_desc: "После краха Нью-Йоркской фондовой биржи в 1925 году Соединённые Штаты оказались охвачены беспрецедентным экономическим кризисом, получившим название Великая депрессия. После мучительных лет правления Фрэнка Лоудена многие надеялись, что демократы под руководством Алла Смита вернут стране процветание. Однако, несмотря на всплеск надежд после его избрания в 1928 году, президент Смит оказался неспособным вывести страну из кризиса. Конгресс отказывается одобрять откровенно интервенционистские меры, а сам Смит предпочитает управленческие и структурные реформы — неудовлетворённость мейнстримной политикой растёт. Хотя ситуация начала постепенно улучшаться после дна депрессии в 1929 году и последовавшего спада в 1931-м, экономические трудности по-прежнему подогревают радикальные настроения по обе стороны. Растёт поддержка левых из Партии фермеров и трудящихся, тогда как разрозненная Демократическая партия не может договориться о путях выхода из кризиса."
USA_black_monday: "Великая депрессия"
USA_black_monday_desc: "Великая депрессия, охватившая Америку более десяти лет назад, постепенно ослабла под управлением Алла Смита. Однако его личная неготовность к радикальным реформам и неспособность провести масштабные изменения через Конгресс сделали этот прогресс мучительно медленным. Теперь же ситуация резко ухудшилась. «Чёрный понедельник», крах Берлинской фондовой биржи в феврале, вызвал новую волну экономического краха, прокатившуюся по американскому обществу. Малый бизнес, и без того страдающий в тяжёлых условиях, обанкротился тысячами, и, похоже, любой прогресс с 1931 года был стёрт за считаные дни. Справедливо это или нет, но обвинения сыплются на Белый дом — и тому, кто окажется в нём к 1937 году, предстоит решить, казалось бы, неразрешимую задачу."

USA_a_house_divided: "Разделённый дом"
USA_a_house_divided_1_desc: "Соединённые Штаты переживают кризис. Великая депрессия, разоряющая нашу страну уже более десяти лет, не ослабевает. С Конгрессом, расколотым между фракционированными демократами, ослабевшими республиканцами и прогрессивным блоком, президент Смит не смог справиться с многочисленными бедами американского общества, и избиратели массово бегут от центристов. На левом фланге Социалистическая партия Америки становится реальной политической силой в сталелитейном поясе, тогда как на правом разнородная коалиция националистов, анти-синдикалистов, обиженных прогрессистов и разочарованных либералов стекается под знамёна сенатора Хью Лонга, чья риторика становится всё более жёсткой по мере ожесточения борьбы за номинацию от демократов."
USA_a_house_divided_2_desc: "Соединённые Штаты — это разделённый дом. Великая депрессия, разоряющая страну уже более десяти лет, только усугубилась из-за краха Берлинской фондовой биржи. Последний съезд Демократической партии завершился позором — популистская фракция Хью Лонга покинула его, усилив глубокую поляризацию общества. Конгресс теперь безнадёжно расколот между четырьмя враждующими коалициями, а президенту Смиту приходится управлять страной с помощью указов. На фоне радикализации и насилия конфликты между бастующими рабочими, вдохновлёнными Социалистической партией, и растущими правыми формированиями лонгистов охватывают Средний Запад. Америку ждёт четырёхсторонняя гонка за пост президента, и, похоже, ни один кандидат не получит большинства в коллегии выборщиков."
USA_a_house_divided_3_desc: "Соединённые Штаты балансируют на краю. Великая депрессия сжимает страну в железных тисках, а политическая система разрушена. Во второй раз за два выборных цикла президенство решается в палате представителей, так как ни один кандидат не получил большинства в коллегии выборщиков. Оспариваемые выборы вызывают волну взаимных обвинений, радикалы кричат о коррупционных сделках, забастовки становятся всё более ожесточёнными, политическое насилие продолжается. Ткани американского общества рвутся с каждым днём, и национальная катастрофа кажется неизбежной."
USA_a_house_divided_4_desc: "Соединённые Штаты балансируют на краю. Впервые в истории страны президентский пост пустует. Палата представителей не может утвердить результаты выборов, а значит ни президент, ни вице-президент не могут быть избраны в рамках чрезвычайного голосования. По завершении срока Смита, исполняющим обязанности становится уходящий госсекретарь Корделл Халл, оказавшийся в крайне неудобном положении — страна на пороге гражданской войны. Обезглавленное федеральное правительство парализовано, и, похоже, неминуемая катастрофа уже на горизонте..."

USA_strike_season: "Сезон забастовок"
USA_strike_season_desc: "Хотя в первые годы Великой депрессии профсоюзная активность была ослаблена, с тех пор масштабы и радикальность организованного рабочего движения значительно возросли — этому способствовали как ужасающие экономические условия, так и пример синдикалистских революций во Франции и особенно в Британии. Иронично, но избрание президента Смита, которого считали союзником АФТ, лишь подстегнуло рост боевитости: Смит провёл про-профсоюзные реформы вроде Акта Вагнера, но не предложил внятной прогрессивной экономической программы. Неудачи администрации в обеспечении восстановления экономики вызвали волну новых забастовок, крупнейших в истории страны. Синдикалистские организаторы вроде Элизабет Герли Флинн и Уильяма Фостера разжигают протесты — возможно, в надежде, что эти забастовки станут семенами будущей революции — а насильственные столкновения на пикетах с вооружёнными штрейкбрехерами лишь усиливают конфликт."
USA_strike_season_7: "Всеобщая забастовка"
USA_strike_season_7_desc: "На фоне политического кризиса страну охватила всеобщая забастовка в сталелитейном поясе. Резня марша Кокса уничтожила последние надежды на мирное разрешение трудовых конфликтов. В результате как стихийно, так и организованно, рабочие ключевых отраслей — как из CIO и ИРМ, так и даже из АФТ — покинули рабочие места. Крупнейшая забастовка в американской истории стала кульминацией всей волны трудовых протестов прошедшего года и окончательной мобилизации рабочего движения к левому радикализму — и теперь кажется, что всё это неминуемо приведёт к катастрофическому насилию."

USA_native_code_talkers_idea: "Кодовые переговорщики из числа индейцев"

amcivwar_idea: "Сражаемся за Америку!"
USA_womens_army_corps_idea: "Женский армейский корпус"
USA_idea_battleships: "Совершенствование линкоров"
USA_idea_battleships_desc: "Наш опыт показывает, что линкоры всё ещё играют важную роль в уничтожении вражеского флота. Улучшение их боевых характеристик — наш приоритет!"
USA_idea_Naval_Aviation: "Совершенствование авианосцев"
USA_idea_naval_aviation_desc: "Благодаря улучшениям в обучении и координации мы ускорили работу авианосцев и их самолётов, что позволяет быстрее заправляться и меньше тратить времени на подготовку к бомбардировкам."
USA_waves_idea: "WAVES"
USA_liberty_ships_idea: "Суда «Либерти»"
USA_maritime_industry_idea: "Морская промышленность"
USA_USMC_1: "Корпус морской пехоты США"
USA_Rules_the_waves_idea: "Господство над морями"

USA_civil_war_aftermath_idea: "Восстановление после гражданской войны"
USA_civil_war_aftermath_idea_desc: "Хотя мы и победили в гражданской войне, страна лежит в руинах. Большинство людей вынуждены жить натуральным обменом; электричество, водоснабжение и другие базовые услуги почти не работают, а миллионы голодают или больны — особенно среди них тысячи и тысячи сирот."
USA_civil_war_aftermath_idea2_desc: "Хотя мы остановили эпидемии холеры и голод, большая часть страны всё ещё горит. Единственное место, где можно найти хоть какую-то стабильность — это охраняемые военные склады с гуманитарной помощью и медикаментами."
USA_civil_war_aftermath_idea3_desc: "Города постепенно стабилизируются, а деньги начинают вновь использоваться вместо бартерного обмена. Массовые захоронения покрылись саженцами и цветами — страна медленно карабкается обратно из-под обломков."
USA_civil_war_aftermath_idea4_desc: "Государственные агентства начали возвращать людей к работе, а некоторые уважаемые предприятия вновь открылись. Угроза массового голода позади, хотя на улицах всё ещё можно увидеть сирот и стариков, роящихся в мусоре."
USA_civil_war_aftermath_idea5_desc: "Шрамы войны, ещё недавно видимые повсюду, почти исчезли. Фабрики вновь работают, а поезда, автобусы и другие виды общественного транспорта начали курсировать с некоторой регулярностью. Америка почти вернулась к довоенному уровню жизни."

USA_civil_war_depression_idea: "Экономический крах после гражданской войны"
USA_civil_reconstruction_idea: "Реконструкция"
USA_home_of_the_brave_idea: "Дом храбрых"
USA_american_values_ideas: "Американские ценности"
USA_cointelpro_idea: "COINTELPRO"
USA_black_chamber_idea: "Чёрная палата"

USA_socialist_resistance1: "Социалистическое сопротивление"
USA_socialist_resistance1_desc: "Хотя мы и победили [WCA.GetNameDef], умы его жителей мы не покорили. Синдикалистские террористы подрывают железные дороги и фабрики, убивают наших солдат и полицейских без разбора."
USA_socialist_resistance2: "Социалистическое сопротивление"
USA_socialist_resistance2_desc: "Наши первые контртеррористические меры дают определённые результаты, но социалистические группы сопротивления — крепкий орешек. Были арестованы второстепенные боевики и разгромлены некоторые укрытия, но в целом это дало мало эффектов."
USA_socialist_resistance3: "Социалистическое сопротивление"
USA_socialist_resistance3_desc: "Нам удалось ликвидировать несколько крупных укрытий и арестовать ключевых организаторов, но некоторые известные террористы всё ещё на свободе. Аналитики по-прежнему ожидают новых атак, но не таких масштабных, как в первые месяцы оккупации."
USA_socialist_resistance4: "Социалистическое сопротивление"
USA_socialist_resistance4_desc: "Остались лишь самые фанатичные синдикалистские террористы — большинство их соратников мертвы или за решёткой. Последний штурм остатков укрытий в руинах заводов Чикаго и Милуоки — и Стальной пояс будет умиротворён."

USA_longist_resistance1: "Сопротивление лонгистов"
USA_longist_resistance1_desc: "Хотя мы и победили [APG.GetNameDef], умы его жителей мы не покорили. Террористы-лонгисты подрывают железные дороги и фабрики, убивают наших солдат и полицейских без разбора."
USA_longist_resistance2: "Сопротивление лонгистов"
USA_longist_resistance2_desc: "Наши первые контртеррористические меры дают определённые результаты, но группы лонгистов — крепкий орешек. Были арестованы второстепенные боевики и разгромлены некоторые укрытия, но в целом это дало мало эффектов."
USA_longist_resistance3: "Сопротивление лонгистов"
USA_longist_resistance3_desc: "$USA_socialist_resistance3_desc$"
USA_longist_resistance4: "Затухающее сопротивление лонгистов"
USA_longist_resistance4_desc: "Остались лишь самые фанатичные террористы-лонгисты — большинство их соратников мертвы или арестованы. Последний штурм остатков укрытий в болотах Луизианы — и Юг будет умиротворён."

USA_federalist_resistance1: "Сопротивление федералистов"
USA_federalist_resistance1_desc: "Хотя мы и победили федеральное правительство, умы его сторонников мы не покорили. Федералистские террористы атакуют железные дороги и фабрики, убивают наших солдат и полицейских без разбора."
USA_federalist_resistance2: "Сопротивление федералистов"
USA_federalist_resistance2_desc: "Наши первые контртеррористические меры дают определённые результаты, но группы федералистов — крепкий орешек. Были арестованы второстепенные боевики и разгромлены некоторые укрытия, но в целом это дало мало эффектов."
USA_federalist_resistance3: "Сопротивление федералистов"
USA_federalist_resistance3_desc: "$USA_socialist_resistance3_desc$"
USA_federalist_resistance4: "Сопротивление федералистов"
USA_federalist_resistance4_desc: "Остались лишь самые фанатичные федералистские террористы — большинство их соратников мертвы или арестованы. Последний штурм остатков укрытий в подвалах разрушенного Вашингтона — и регион Мэриленда и Вирджинии будет умиротворён."

USA_empowered_army_idea: "Усиленная армия"

USA_gi_bill_idea: "Закон о правах военнослужащих"
USA_great_migration1: "Великая миграция"

USA_eminent_domain: "Право принудительного выкупа"
USA_league_of_america: "Лига американских штатов"
USA_league_head: "Глава Лиги"
USA_arsenal_of_democracy_idea: "Арсенал демократии"
USA_american_advisors: "Американские советники"
USA_fortress_america_idea: "Крепость Америка"
USA_neutrality_idea: "Нейтралитет — наше дело"

#Army Ideas
USA_Craig_plan: "План реформ Маллина Крейга"
USA_Craig_plan5: "План реформ Крейга завершён"
USA_McNair_plan: "План реформ Лесли Макнейра"
USA_McNair_plan5: "План реформ Макнейра завершён"
USA_Chaffee_plan: "План реформ Адны Чаффи"
USA_Chaffee_plan5: "План реформ Чаффи завершён"
USA_american_auto_industry_idea: "Американская автомобильная промышленность"
USA_weapons_manufacturers: "Инвестиции в оружейные компании"
USA_increased_military_spending: "Рост военных расходов"
USA_war_department_idea: "Расширение военного министерства"
# Air Force Ideas
USA_Expanded_USAAC1: "Расширенный Авиационный корпус армии США"
USA_USAAF_Formed1: "Создание Военно-воздушных сил армии США"
USA_ACTS: "Тактическая школа Авиационного корпуса"
### Decisions ###
USA_help_economy_mission: "Побороть Великую депрессию"
USA_help_economy_mission_desc: "Великая депрессия потрясла Соединённые Штаты, и правительство президента Смита изо всех сил пытается справиться с последствиями. Последняя надежда — принять законопроект, который, наконец, даст облегчение тем, кто в нём нуждается, — если Конгресс успеет вовремя."

USA_father_coxs_march: "Марш отца Кокса"
USA_father_coxs_march_desc: "Пастор бедняков из Питтсбурга, проповедник труда и активист по борьбе с безработицей Джеймс Р. Кокс собирает своих сторонников в Пенсильвании на марш в столицу, чтобы заставить Конгресс принять меры против безработицы и повысить налог на наследство. Хотя Кокс и является умеренным сторонником Аль Смита, существует обеспокоенность, что среди его участников окажутся радикалы и даже синдикалисты, ведь эта акция обещает стать крупнейшей демонстрацией в истории столицы. В условиях напряжённой обстановки по всей стране столица с тревогой ожидает прибытия марширующих..."

USA_invite_to_league: "Пригласить страну [From.GetNameDef] в Лигу"
USA_invite_to_league_desc: "Возможно, стоит направить приглашение правительству [From.GetAdjective], чтобы узнать, заинтересованы ли они во вступлении в наш альянс."

USA_recent_league_invite: "Было отправлено приглашение в течение последнего месяца"

USA_develop_ally: "Углубить связи с [From.GetNameDef]"
USA_develop_ally_desc: "С небольшим толчком мы можем помочь нашим союзникам в Америке развить свою экономику и встать на ноги."

USA_install_league_puppet: "Установить дружественное правительство в стране [From.GetNameDef]"
USA_install_league_puppet_desc: "Страна [From.GetNameDefCap] сейчас слишком слаба — стоит подумать об установке более дружелюбного и покорного правительства. Разумеется, ради её же безопасности."

USA_defend_new_world_desc: "[From.GetNameDefCap] укрывает опасный экстремистский режим. Ради мира в Западном полушарии он должен быть уничтожен."

USA_new_monroe_doctrine: "Новая доктрина Монро"
USA_new_monroe_doctrine_desc: "Вторая гражданская война показала нам, что иностранное вмешательство лишь сеет хаос и разрушения в Америке. Как подчёркивал наш первый президент, наше место — не в Европе, а в защите и наставничестве Латинской Америки на пути к демократии."

USA_attack_canada: "Атаковать Канаду"
USA_attack_canada_desc: "Исторически наши отношения с северным соседом были дружественными... но не всегда. Если Канаду захватит враждебное правительство или она займёт американские земли, мы вынуждены будем изменить характер наших отношений."

USA_attack_mexico: "Атаковать Мексику"
USA_attack_mexico_desc: "Мы бы предпочли, чтобы Мексикой управляло дружественное правительство, и она не вмешивалась в чужие дела. Если это не так, мы не можем игнорировать, что она находится у наших границ — и мы их будем защищать, даже если придётся вторгнуться."

USA_attack_philippines: "Атаковать Филиппины"
USA_attack_philippines_desc: "Как бывшие покровители Филиппин, мы вправе интересоваться тем, что стало с их правительством после окончания гражданской войны. При необходимости мы вновь освободим их от угнетения."

USA_attack_puerto_rico: "Защитить наших граждан"

USA_protect_canada: "Защитить страну [FROM.GetNameDef]"
USA_protect_canada_desc: "Похоже, Антанта близка к краху. После череды поражений основная сила Антанты исчезла, и теперь Канада в опасности. Если красные победят канадцев, следующими будем мы. Мы не допустим этого — и будем сражаться бок о бок с Антантой."

USA_reconstruction_decisions: "Восстановление Америки"
USA_reconstruction_decisions_desc: "Теперь, когда гражданская война окончена, мы должны исцелить её раны."

USA_reclaim_new_england_decision: "Вернуть Новую Англию"
USA_reclaim_new_england_decision2: "Воссоединиться с Новой Англией"
USA_reclaim_alaska_decision: "Вернуть Аляску"
USA_reclaim_panama_canal_decision: "Вернуть Панамский канал"
USA_reclaim_hawaii_decision: "Вернуть Гавайи"
USA_capital_returns_to_dc: "Вернуть столицу в Вашингтон, округ Колумбия"

USA_rainbow_war_plans_decisions: "Американские военные планы"
USA_rainbow_war_plans_decisions_desc: "Гражданская война окончена, но возможность внешней войны всё ещё остаётся. Мы должны тщательно выбрать, кто нам враг, а кто союзник."

USA_join_entente: "Присоединиться к Антанте"
USA_join_entente_desc: "США не могут бездействовать, пока остальная Европа горит под гнётом синдикалистов и гнусного Кайзера. Вместе с нашим северным соседом мы освободим Англию и Францию от красных в надежде освободить Европу и весь мир от тирании."

USA_war_plan_orange: "Военный план «Оранж»"
USA_war_plan_orange_desc: "Японские амбиции представляют угрозу как для нашей страны, так и для всего мира. Пришло время занять твёрдую позицию."

USA_war_plan_gold: "Военный план «Голд»"
USA_war_plan_gold_desc: "Синдикалисты из [INT.GetAdjective] стали угрозой, с которой мы не можем мириться. Мы должны выступить против их господства."

USA_war_plan_black: "Военный план «Блэк»"
USA_war_plan_black_desc: "Германский империализм достиг той точки, когда мы не можем больше просто смотреть. Ради свободы мы должны вмешаться."

USA_war_plan_purple: "Военный план «Пёрпл»"
USA_war_plan_purple_desc: "[ROOT.USA_GetRussiaWarPlanDesc]"
USA_war_plan_purple_desc_socialist: "Нам следовало догадаться, что Россия долго не останется в тени. Их принятие синдикализма сделало их глобальной угрозой, которую мы не можем игнорировать."
USA_war_plan_purple_desc_default: "Российские амбиции стали угрозой как для Америки, так и для всего мира. Мы должны противостоять этому, иначе их армии рано или поздно высадятся на наших берегах."

USA_work_with_allies: "Сотрудничать с союзниками из [From.GetNameDef]"
USA_work_with_allies_desc: "Мы должны использовать американские знания и опыт, чтобы помочь нашим союзникам в стране [From.GetNameDef], отправив им необходимое снаряжение и советников."

USA_deal_with_terrorists_decisions: "Уничтожить повстанцев-террористов"
USA_deal_with_terrorists_decisions_desc: "Несмотря на нашу победу в гражданской войне, ряд повстанческих групп отказывается сложить оружие. Мы должны покончить с этими террористами раз и навсегда, чтобы вернуть Америке мир."

USA_fight_socialist_terrorists: "Бороться с социалистическими террористами"
USA_fight_longist_terrorists: "Бороться с лонгистскими террористами"

USA_reunite_with_ACC: "Воссоединиться с государством [From.GetNameDef]"
USA_reunite_with_ACC_desc: "Макартур ушёл в отставку, и в стране вновь установилась настоящая демократия. Теперь мы должны обратиться к [From.GetNameDef] и предложить воссоединение — ведь их цель уже достигнута. В Америке снова демократия."

###Post Civil War - democracy ###
USA_victory_in_the_civil_war: "Победа в Гражданской войне"
USA_victory_in_the_civil_war_desc: "Сепаратисты вновь потерпели неудачу в своей попытке разрушить союз Соединённых Штатов Америки. Хотя как радикальные социалисты, так и популисты пытались подорвать наши основы, мы вновь доказали силу легитимного правительства. Потенциальным диктаторам Риду и Лонгу больше не место в Америке."
USA_democracy_triumphs: "Торжество демократии!"
USA_democracy_triumphs_desc: "Хотя соблазн автократии был велик, Америка устояла со всеми тремя ветвями власти, не уступив исполнительной. Конгресс созван на экстренную сессию, а апелляционные суды погребены в бумагах, пытаясь разобраться с последствиями."

USA_democratic_education: "Конституционное просвещение"
USA_democratic_education_desc: "Одним из любимых тезисов радикалов и популистов была идея о том, что федеральное правительство — это добровольная организация. Некоторые даже апеллируют к нелепым лазейкам, вроде морского права или праву на выход из Союза. Мы должны положить этому конец, распространив Конституцию США как можно шире."

USA_defend_democracy: "Защитить демократию"
USA_defend_democracy_desc: "Из бывших мятежных штатов поступают сообщения о запугивании избирателей по классовому и расовому признаку. Кандидаты идут на выборы, не присягнув на верность США. Мы обязаны защитить право народа на голос и не допустить, чтобы политики снова подстрекали к мятежу."

USA_bill_of_rights: "Напоминание о Билле о правах"
USA_bill_of_rights_desc: "В развитие инициативы по конституционному просвещению, Конгресс одобрил кампанию по обучению молодёжи важности Билля о правах. Это также позволит гражданам лучше отстаивать свои права мирным путём."

USA_american_values1: "Американские ценности"
USA_american_values1_desc: "Пассивное продвижение идей гражданского управления через высоколобые публикации резко уступило место брошюрам и частным издателям, пропагандирующим антигосударственные идеи. Конгресс принял решение внедрить многогранную программу по внедрению американских ценностей через массовые медиа, чтобы подорвать влияние агитаторов."

USA_restore_legitimacy: "Восстановить легитимность"
USA_restore_legitimacy_desc: "Многочисленные посольства, которые мы не могли укомплектовать во время кризиса, наконец получили подкрепление. Мы вновь заявим о себе как о сильной и объединённой нации через расширение дипломатического корпуса."

USA_malice_and_charity: "Злоба и милосердие"
USA_malice_and_charity_desc: "Словами президента Линкольна, призвавшего нас \"перевязать раны нации\", Конгресс создал систему масштабной реинтеграции мятежных штатов. Посредством беспартийного Комитета под названием \"Злоба и милосердие\" округа вновь принимаются в Союз."

USA_destroy_radicalism: "Уничтожить радикализм"
USA_destroy_radicalism_desc: "Хотя правительство США допускает политические дебаты, Конгресс решительно выступил против синдикалистских и дистрибутистских платформ Лонга и Рида. Организации, продвигающие профсоюзы или мутуалистские идеи, будут преследоваться по закону согласно Акту о подстрекательстве 1917 года."

USA_strengthen_democracy: "Укрепить демократию"
USA_strengthen_democracy_desc: "Во время гражданской войны демократические процедуры на местном уровне были приостановлены. Многие выборы на пограничных территориях были пропущены, чтобы сосредоточиться на борьбе за выживание нации. Теперь демократия восстанет из пепла — Конгресс назначил комитет для обеспечения проведения выборов на местах."

USA_civil_liberties: "Верность Америке"
USA_civil_liberties_desc: "Начало 1930-х стало эпохой лояльности людям, а не идеалам. Рид, Лонг и даже Макартур создали вокруг себя круги союзников, считавших своих лидеров выше закона. Несколько конгрессменов публично извинились за свои высказывания, сделанные во время войны."

USA_ensure_political_stability: "Обеспечить политическую стабильность"
USA_ensure_political_stability_desc: "Несмотря на сопротивление части законодателей, использование Федеральной комиссии по связи (FCC) для мониторинга эфира на предмет мятежного радио необходимо. Эта мера и некоторые другие формы цензуры пока ещё требуются для устранения остатков мятежа внутри континентальной части США."

USA_protect_democracy: "Защита демократии"
USA_protect_democracy_desc: "17-я поправка усилила демократическое представительство в США, но в долгосрочной перспективе не сделала сам процесс более демократичным. Конгресс займётся реформой подушных налогов и списков лишённых прав, чтобы обеспечить соблюдение закона в избирательном процессе."

USA_land_of_the_free: "Земля свободных"
USA_land_of_the_free_desc: "Использование каторжного труда в лагерях для военнопленных больше не приемлемо для Конгресса. Хотя судьба этих заключённых всё ещё решается в судебном порядке, их эксплуатация как в лоялистских, так и в мятежных штатах должна быть прекращена."

USA_home_of_the_brave: "Дом храбрых"
USA_home_of_the_brave_desc: "Ветераны Второй гражданской войны отдали всё, чтобы защитить свой дом, пусть и в борьбе с согражданами. Несмотря на протесты в Палате представителей, Сенат с мудростью расширил льготы для ветеранов и на бывших солдат мятежных армий — при условии, что те вновь принесут присягу всем американцам."

USA_for_the_people: "Во имя народа"
USA_for_the_people_desc: "Народ Америки — наш источник власти и сама наша сущность. Конгресс утвердил новый праздник в честь американского народа, преобразовав День труда в \"День американского народа\" — в знак благодарности и как символ патриотизма, превосходящего лозунги рабочего движения."

USA_a_more_perfect_union: "К более совершенному союзу"
USA_a_more_perfect_union_desc: "Цель Соединённых Штатов как независимой нации — создание более совершенного союза всех её народов. Это не возвышение одной доктрины или политического движения, как утверждали Рид и Лонг. Президент напомнил о сложной, неразрывной связи между Америкой и её народом."

### Post Civil War - Reconstruction ###
USA_begin_reconstruction: "Начать реконструкцию"
USA_begin_reconstruction_desc: "Нация страдала задолго до начала этой войны. Это одновременно грандиозная задача и возможность — объединить транспортные сети и продвинуть смелые экономические идеи, которые поднимут американскую промышленность выше страдающего мира."

USA_rebuild_railroads: "Восстановить железные дороги"
USA_rebuild_railroads_desc: "Железнодорожные сети, пересекающие Америку, в руинах, а построенные во время войны пути лишь наскоро пристыкованы к старым рельсам. Конгресс одобрил восстановление железнодорожной инфраструктуры, сделав обязательной установку третьего электрифицированного рельса. Это потребует реформирования всей нашей энергосети."

USA_electrification: "Программа электрификации"
USA_electrification_desc: "Чтобы соответствовать требованиям по обязательному третьему рельсу, а также обеспечить электроснабжение в отдалённых районах страны, одобрен проект электрификации, охватывающий все штаты. Конгресс теперь оказывает давление на правительства штатов, требуя вложений в трансформаторы и гидроэлектростанции."

USA_business_subsidies: "Субсидии бизнесу"
USA_business_subsidies_desc: "Малые предприятия в США сталкиваются с трудностями при расширении занятости, что усугубляет безработицу. Неудовлетворительные условия труда вновь становятся проблемой из-за гонки производительности, и рабочие становятся всё более недовольны. Конгресс одобрил создание федерального фонда субсидий для малого бизнеса."

USA_rebuild_americas_industry: "Восстановить американскую промышленность"
USA_rebuild_americas_industry_desc: "Экспорт США упал во время депрессии, несмотря на политику свободной торговли. А ведь именно экспорт — один из ключевых показателей экономической активности. Мы должны инвестировать в сектор услуг, обслуживающий промышленность, чтобы снизить издержки и увеличить выпуск продукции."

USA_economic_investments: "Экономические инвестиции"
USA_economic_investments_desc: "Конгресс разработал более смелую стратегию экономического восстановления. Вопреки устаревшему мнению, что государственные закупки вредят росту, современные теории утверждают, что умные вложения могут стимулировать экономику."

USA_esmwt: "Судьба профсоюзов"
USA_esmwt_desc: "Пришло время Конгрессу заслушать показания мятежных профсоюзов. Одни требуют лишь отставки их председателей, другие настаивают на сборе стенограмм собраний, что может стать основанием для судебного преследования всех действующих членов."

USA_rebuild_the_roads: "Восстановить американские дороги"
USA_rebuild_the_roads_desc: "Финансируемая штатами система межштатных автомагистралей стала лёгкой мишенью для диверсий. Мы должны наладить сотрудничество с местными властями, чтобы вновь обеспечить безопасную торговлю и передвижение по стране."

USA_american_industry: "Мощь американской промышленности"
USA_american_industry_desc: "Война временно вдохнула жизнь в тяжёлую промышленность, но многие предприятия были поспешно построены поверх заброшенных фабрик. Мы должны применить современные стандарты безопасности и эффективного управления, чтобы этот рост стал устойчивым."

USA_rebuild_agriculture: "Восстановить сельское хозяйство"
USA_rebuild_agriculture_desc: "Чтобы кормить нацию, нам необходимо развивать технологии хранения и агрономические науки. Конгресс учредил фонд для финансирования этих исследований, и ряд политиков лично внесли в него средства."

USA_aviation_industry: "Авиационная промышленность"
USA_aviation_industry_desc: "Когда-то США лидировали в производстве гражданской авиации, но теперь немецкие сборочные линии нас обогнали. Конгресс ведёт переговоры с разведслужбами и подрядчиками, чтобы ускорить внедрение подобных технологий в американских компаниях."

USA_farming_subsidies: "Субсидии фермерам"
USA_farming_subsidies_desc: "Необходимо предоставлять субсидии на выращивание нужных стране культур, а также выплачивать компенсации за уничтожение невостребованных, например табака. Так мы сохраним квалифицированную рабочую силу до лучших времён."

USA_maritime_industry: "Морская промышленность"
USA_maritime_industry_desc: "Торговый флот США серьёзно пострадал во время войны. Конгресс расширил льготы для ветеранов, распространив их на тех, кто решит вступить в Торговый флот во время перерыва между морскими кампаниями."

USA_synthetic_oil: "Добыча нефти"
USA_synthetic_oil_desc: "Нефтяные месторождения Среднего Запада горели во время войны. Мы должны потушить эти пожары, предотвратить будущие акты саботажа и инвестировать в синтетическую нефть, чтобы больше регионов могли использовать автомобили."

USA_reconstruction_finished: "Реконструкция завершена"
USA_reconstruction_finished_desc: "Годы неудачного управления экономикой и гражданских конфликтов всё ещё свежи в памяти народа, но их самые разрушительные последствия преодолены."

### Post Civil War - Macarthur ###
USA_american_caesar_desc: "Президент Макартур заявил, что не уступит победу тем самым сторонникам, которые вызвали гражданскую войну. Его Американская хунта обещает национальное возрождение и внедрение «функциональной демократии» — такой, какой её видит Макартур. Устранение ненужных политиков и назначение более компетентных должностных лиц должно сократить разрыв между народом и властью."

USA_army_education: "Военное образование"
USA_army_education_desc: "Родительские организации утверждают, что мы сознательно допускаем несовершеннолетних в армию. Наш ответ — направить молодёжь в военные училища, при этом сохраняя их в государственной школьной системе. Идеи физического и морального воспитания Беллами возродят былой националистический дух, угасший в 1910-х."

USA_nationalize_boy_scouts: "Национальная служба молодёжи"
USA_nationalize_boy_scouts_desc: "С одной стороны — требования повысить минимальный возраст для работы, с другой — масса безработной молодёжи. Решение: создать Национальную службу молодёжи, чтобы предоставить работу и обучение американцам, слишком юным для голосования."

USA_the_american_legion: "Американский легион"
USA_the_american_legion_desc: "После того как национальный командир Американского легиона С медли Батлер стал беглецом, организацию необходимо перестроить и очистить от следов партийной политики. Отныне национальным командирам будет запрещено участвовать в предвыборных кампаниях или оставаться на посту, будучи карьерными политиками."

USA_americanism: "Верность флагу"
USA_americanism_desc: "В отличие от латиноамериканских деспотов, Макартур не желает быть Великим Человеком, а стремится быть уважаемым и смертным лидером американцев. Верность неизменному идеалу Америки должна стоять выше личности — пока сохраняется популярность Макартура."

USA_martial_law: "Военное положение"
USA_martial_law_desc: "По одобрению Конгресса, действие хабеас корпус приостановлено в соответствии с Конституцией. Пока над частью страны нависает угроза нападения со стороны синдикалистов и популистов, приостановка свободы слова и судебных гарантий оправдана необходимостью."

USA_fbi_cointelpro: "Вторая Американская Лига Защиты"
USA_fbi_cointelpro_desc: "Так как большая часть континентальной Америки теперь умиротворена, граждане должны оставаться бдительными. Восстановление Лиги направлено на создание сети доносов о возможных популистских или синдикалистских агентах и на сдерживание уличных протестов."

USA_control_congress: "Контроль над Конгрессом"
USA_control_congress_desc: "Многие бывшие демократы и республиканцы вошли в режим Макартура, а остальные бежали. Мы заполнили их места квалифицированными и надёжными людьми. Эти новые конгрессмены — не политики в обычном смысле, а слуги народа."

USA_office_of_war_information: "Служба радиоперехвата"
USA_office_of_war_information_desc: "Шифровальные машины, создающие уникальные ключи связи, теперь входят в наш арсенал. Служба радиоперехвата внедрена, с установкой подземных линий связи для защиты от утечек информации."

USA_allien_sedition_acts: "Исполнительный указ 7250-A"
USA_allien_sedition_acts_desc: "Указ президента Макартура нацелен на предотвращение иностранного вмешательства. Он восстанавливает части Закона об иностранцах и подстрекательстве, известного с начала XIX века. Законы уже обжалованы, но уверенность в том, что новые судьи Макартура поддержат его, высока."

USA_empower_the_army: "Укрепить армию"
USA_empower_the_army_desc: "В новом военном управлении уже начались конфликты: армия и флот борются за ресурсы и влияние. Мы должны ограничить роль флота и предоставить армии полный контроль."

USA_loyal_officers: "Старые солдаты не умирают"
USA_loyal_officers_desc: "Новая власть признаёт подвиг офицеров, покинувших дома ради защиты Родины. Согласно указу, они теперь могут получить техническое образование или юридическую квалификацию — это обеспечит их лояльность даже после ухода нынешней власти."

USA_loyalty_to_macarthur: "Главнокомандующий"
USA_loyalty_to_macarthur_desc: "Президент как Верховный главнокомандующий — традиция, уходящая к Вашингтону. Макартур обещает отойти от военной службы после окончания чрезвычайного положения, но останется наготове ради нации."

USA_national_rehabilition: "Национальная реабилитация"
USA_national_rehabilition_desc: "Учения Лонга и Рида ошибались: причиной бедствий были не бизнесмены, а продажные политики, дававшие им должности и брали взятки. Мы восстановим капиталистов на их должном месте в обществе."

USA_root_out_traitors: "Избавиться от предателей"
USA_root_out_traitors_desc: "Наши спецслужбы выявили пособников радикалов и коррупции: запретили организации, поддерживавшие СПА и лонистов, — сухие, граждеровцы, религиозные фанатики и иностранцы. Их деятельность признана предательской."

USA_american_stratocracy: "Американская стратократия"
USA_american_stratocracy_desc: "Макартур восстановил национализм и «функциональную демократию» по своему образцу. Хотя политиков заменили офицеры, никто не станет отрицать, что управление улучшилось. Теперь американцы могут доверять своей власти."

 USA_social_security_act: "[USA_GetSocialSecurityFocusName]"
 USA_social_security_act_desc: "[USA_GetSocialSecurityFocusDesc]"
 USA_social_security_act_default: "Закон о социальном обеспечении"
 USA_social_security_act_default_desc: "С приближением нового заседания Конгресса у нас остаётся последний шанс протолкнуть значимое законодательство до выборов. Президент Смит, желая уйти с должности на высокой ноте и ослабить значение пенсионного вопроса как оружия против следующего демократического кандидата, решил сосредоточиться на принятии закона о социальном обеспечении. Хотя путь к его одобрению будет непрост, мы верим, что у нас достаточно голосов для ещё одной победы."
 USA_social_security_act_failure: "Провал Закона о социальном обеспечении"
 USA_social_security_act_failure_desc: "Экономический кризис в Германии докатился до берегов Америки. В панике Конгресс отложил рассмотрение закона о социальном обеспечении, по сути похоронив последнюю надежду президента Смита на крупное законодательное достижение. Теперь вся нация затаила дыхание в ожидании, какие меры предпримет правительство для выхода из кризиса."
 USA_introduce_gmbill: "Внести законопроект Гарнера—МакНэри"
 USA_introduce_gmbill_desc: "Возобновившийся кризис на Уолл-стрит требует немедленных действий со стороны администрации. Президент Смит призвал Конгресс принять экстренный закон о восстановлении экономики, чтобы предотвратить повторение кошмара 1929 года. С этой целью спикер-демократ Джон Гарнер и сенатор-республиканец Чарльз МакНэри совместно представили законопроект, поддержанный президентом."
 USA_gmbill_fails: "Законопроект провалился"
 USA_gmbill_fails_desc: "Законопроект Гарнера—МакНэри не был принят. Америка остаётся без чёткого пути к восстановлению, и ей предстоит столкнуться с нарастающим восстанием."
 USA_war_plan_white: "План «Уайт»"
 USA_war_plan_white_desc: "План «Уайт» — это военный план действий на случай внутреннего насилия или восстания. Пришло время стряхнуть с него пыль и решительно справиться с нарастающим насилием в стране."
 USA_deploy_national_guard: "Развернуть Национальную гвардию"
 USA_deploy_national_guard_desc: "Насилие со стороны сторонников Хью Лонга и Социалистической партии только нарастает. Нам необходимо увеличить финансирование подразделений Национальной гвардии и направить их туда, где они смогут принести наибольшую пользу."
 USA_macarthur_plan: "План Макартура"
 USA_macarthur_plan_desc: "Генерал Макартур высказал важное соображение: Нью-Йорк и Техас — два наших важнейших и уязвимейших оплота. У него есть план, который позволит нам обезопасить один из этих регионов, если насилие перерастёт в полномасштабную гражданскую войну."
 USA_gmbill_succeeds: "Законопроект принят"
 USA_gmbill_succeeds_desc: "Законопроект Гарнера—МакНэри был принят! Это хорошая новость для американской экономики — хотя теперь нам предстоит решить, как его профинансировать, иначе радость будет недолгой."
 USA_new_shipyards: "Программа финансирования верфей"
 USA_new_shipyards_desc: "Две крупные судостроительные компании борются за получение федеральной помощи. Та, которую мы выберем, может создать множество рабочих мест в регионе. Вопрос только в том — на кого делать ставку?"
 USA_hawking_plan: "План Баркли"
 USA_hawking_plan_desc: "Альбен Баркли, демократ и младший сенатор от Кентукки, предложил план финансирования законопроекта Гарнера—МакНэри за счёт повышения налога на прибыль корпораций. Этот план вызывает споры, но он может дать экономике необходимый импульс."
 USA_new_industrial_act: "Закон о развитии промышленности"
 USA_new_industrial_act_desc: "Нам необходимо запустить промышленный рост в самом сердце Америки, где Великая депрессия нанесла самый серьёзный удар."
 USA_demand_payment: "Потребовать оплаты за стоянку"
 USA_demand_payment_desc: "После британской революции канадское правительство, чтобы не консервировать остатки Королевского флота, разместило многие бывшие британские корабли в американских портах по сниженным ставкам. Однако вопрос оплаты этих стоянок стал болезненной темой в американской политике. Хотя Канада вряд ли сможет выплатить все долги сейчас, требование оплаты удовлетворит изоляционистов в Конгрессе, которые в противном случае могут примкнуть к радикалам."
 USA_reconciliation_with_canada: "Примирение с Канадой"
 USA_reconciliation_with_canada_desc: "Изоляционисты ликуют, но ценой этого стали наши отношения с Канадой. Мы можем попробовать наладить их, предложив компромисс: Канада окажет нам некоторую помощь сейчас, а оплату отсрочит до окончания войны. Взамен мы снизим импортные пошлины на товары из стран Энтанты."
 USA_raise_entente_tariffs: "Повысить пошлины на товары Энтанты"
 USA_raise_entente_tariffs_desc: "Канада, как и ожидалось, отказалась оплачивать стоянку кораблей — и у нас не остаётся иного выхода, кроме как ввести карательные пошлины на товары Энтанты, импортируемые в США. Это пополнит наш бюджет, но восстановление отношений с Канадой займёт очень много времени."

 USA_president_borah: "Президент Бора"
 USA_president_borah_desc: "Избрание республиканского кандидата после месяцев неопределённости стало облегчением для американского народа. Прогрессивист в духе Теодора Рузвельта, Уильям Бора должен доказать, что старые партии способны ответить на вызов прогрессивной эпохи."
 USA_president_landon: "Президент Лэндон"
 USA_president_landon_desc: "Избрание республиканского кандидата после месяцев неопределённости стало облегчением для американского народа. Альф Лэндон — умеренный политик, но не консерватор — будет опираться на истеблишмент, чтобы спасти республику."
 USA_re_light_the_western_torch: "Зажечь западный факел"
 USA_re_light_the_western_torch_desc: "Не склонный к праздности, президент Бора вступает в должность с амбициозным планом по спасению республики. Хотя некоторые считают иначе, радикалов можно различать: социалисты разрушительны и не поддаются убеждению, а вот Хьюи Лонг — величина известная. Заручившись его поддержкой, Бора может добиться национального согласия в рамках своей реформаторской программы."
 USA_the_iron_fist: "Железный кулак"
 USA_the_iron_fist_desc: "Радикализм стал болезнью, поразившей Америку. И Лонг, и социалисты угрожают разорвать страну на части и прибегают к уличному насилию ради достижения своих целей. Хватит. Мы должны немедленно принять меры и подавить рост антиконституционных движений, даже если это обойдётся нам в серьёзный политический капитал."
 USA_the_first_100_days: "Первые 100 дней"
 USA_the_first_100_days_desc: "Хотя президент Лэндон является умеренным политиком, он осознаёт необходимость немедленной помощи американскому бизнесу. Он намерен укрепить занятость, продвигая всеобъемлющий закон о поддержке. Однако, столкнувшись с сопротивлением радикалов, ему придётся лавировать в расколотом Конгрессе, чтобы добиться ранней победы своего президентства."
 
 USA_president_olson: "Президент Олсон"
 USA_president_olson_desc: "Американский народ потребовал перемен — и получил их. Первый президент от партии фермеров и трудящихся, Флойд Олсон пришёл к власти на волне левого радикального союза. Теперь ему предстоит выполнить обещания коалиции, которая становится всё радикальнее даже по сравнению с ним."
 
 USA_legalise_expropriation_of_idle_factories: "Узаконить экспроприацию простаивающих заводов"
 USA_legalise_expropriation_of_idle_factories_desc: "По всей стране тысячи заводов простаивают из-за неспособности их владельцев получать прибыль. Пока бремя капиталистического краха падает вниз по цепочке, миллионы рабочих остаются без работы рядом с заводами, где они раньше трудились. Хватит. Если капиталисты не хотят управлять своими предприятиями, мы заберём их и будем управлять ими сами — создавая рабочие места для тех, кого оставили позади." 
 USA_enforce_labour_and_lynching_laws: "Обеспечить соблюдение трудовых и антилинчевых законов"
 USA_enforce_labour_and_lynching_laws_desc: "Одним из немногих достижений администрации Смита стало принятие трудовых законов и Акта против линчевания. Однако эти законы зачастую оставались лишь на бумаге. Мы это исправим. С помощью всей мощи федерального правительства мы сделаем права, обещанные рабочим и афроамериканцам, реальностью."
 USA_president_long: "Президент Лонг"
 USA_president_long_desc: "Невероятное произошло: Хьюи Лонг выиграл президентские выборы от третьей партии. Однако его сторонники не контролируют ни Сенат, ни Палату представителей, и президент Лонг сталкивается с настороженным Конгрессом и страной на грани полного краха." 
 USA_the_nye_sweeney_banking_bill: "Банковский закон Най—Суини"
 USA_the_nye_sweeney_banking_bill_desc: "Банки Уолл-стрит годами безнаказанно попирали интересы простых американцев, отбирая имущество и разрушая жизни. То, что финансовая власть остаётся вне контроля народа, — позор. Закон Най—Суини исправит это, передав банковскую систему под демократический контроль и подотчётность, подчиняя Уолл-стрит воле народа." 
 USA_deputise_the_minutemen: "Придать Минитменам полномочия"
 USA_deputise_the_minutemen_desc: "С каждым днём Америка всё глубже погружается в хаос. Анархисты и преступные синдикалисты разгуливают по стране, сея мятеж и насилие во имя иностранных радикальных идеологий. Местные органы правопорядка явно не справляются — и мы обязаны пополнить их ряды, наделив полномочиями верных и патриотичных Минитменов, которые искоренят преступность и восстановят порядок в стране."

#################################
####Military - Army-Air NEW #####
########By Drozdovite############
#################################
USA_war_department: "Расширение Военного Департамента"
 USA_war_department_desc: "Военный Департамент США за последние годы получал всё меньше и меньше денег из бюджета в качестве мер экономии. Если мы не хотим застрять в каменном веке, нам необходимо вернуть прежний уровень финансирования и подумать насчёт армейской реформы."
 USA_reform_plan: "Дебаты по поводу реформ"
 USA_reform_plan_desc: "Вопрос времени: в каком направлении должна двигаться армия США, чтобы не только ответить, но и предвосхитить затяжную сухопутную войну? Мнение Макартура является само собой разумеющимся, поскольку он уже подготовился к этому конфликту в своем окружении."
 USA_air_force_debate: "Дебаты по поводу ВВС"
 USA_air_force_debate_desc: "ВВС, даже получив повышенное финансирование, не обладает полноценным лидером, который бы определял их направление. Различные люди предлагают различные варианты того, как мы должны использовать наши ВВС."
 USA_chaffee_plan: "Реформы Эдны Чаффи"
 USA_chaffee_plan_desc: "Получатель премии МОЛЛУС Адна Чаффи-младшая предлагает армии увеличить производство более дорогих бронемашин, а также спланировать новые специализированные дивизии для ведения более мобильной войны."
 USA_McNair_Plan: "Реформы Лесли Макнейра"
 USA_McNair_Plan_desc: "Макнейр хочет продолжить войну по старым американским традициям - огромное количество артподготовки и поддержки нашей пехоте. Для этого придётся серьёзно расширить имеющуюся тяжелую промышленность."
 USA_standardize_the_M1: "Стандартизировать М1"
 USA_standardize_the_M1_desc: "Винтовки системы М1 довольно долго перерабатывались, что увеличивает потенциальное время на их производство. Финальный вердикт по ним будет выражен в скором времени."
 USA_defense_contractors: "Контракты ВПК"
 USA_defense_contractors_desc: "Частные военные предприятия - неотъемлемая часть американского ВПК. Настало время нам заключить пару новых контрактов."
 USA_restart_examining_boards: "Возродить экзаменационные комиссии"
 USA_restart_examining_boards_desc: "И, хотя система осмотра армии подвергалась незначительным реформам, в широком плане мы застряли на несколько десятилетий в прошлом. Макнейр настаивает на новых, полномасштабных реформах."
 USA_efficient_production_program: "Программа эффективного производства"
 USA_efficient_production_program_desc: "Безработные массы станут отличным подспорьем для нашей программы создания эффективного производства."
 USA_shock_and_awe: "Шок и Трепет"
 USA_shock_and_awe_desc: "Массированный артобстрел может превратить поле боя в одну большую стрельбу по тарелочкам. Несмотря на нашу доброту и гуманность, мы должны использовать самую тяжелую и продвинутую артиллерию для пробития рядов вражеских армий." 
 USA_take_the_fight_abroad: "Война за границей"
 USA_take_the_fight_abroad_desc: "Наконец-то, верха довольны тем, чем армия стала в последнее время. Осталось только найти цель, на которую мы могли бы обрушить свою мощь."
 USA_military_research: "Военные разработки"
 USA_military_research_desc: "Безопасность нашей страны под угрозой, пока мы отстаём от других гегемонов в технологическом развитии. Мы не можем позволить врагам получить новейшие разработки раньше нас. Для этого, мы увеличим финансирование наших военных разработок."
 USA_increase_military_spending: "Увеличить расходы на армию"
 USA_increase_military_spending_desc: "Конгресс одобрил увеличение расходов на оборону в течение следующего года. Это, однако, приведёт к урезанию бюджета в других областях."
 USA_liberty_bonds: "Займы свободы"
 USA_liberty_bonds_desc: "Расходы на армию не исчезнут от пламенных патриотических речей. Нам не хватает ликвидных активов для спонсирования войск. Мы можем попробовать поискать поддержки в народе и выпустить серию военных займов."
 USA_army_rangers: "Военные рейнджеры"
 USA_army_rangers_desc: "Подготовка полков для акклиматизации солдат в новых условиях позволит американским солдатам эффективно сражаться независимо от того, куда их заведет ход войны. Рейнджеры - это недавно созданное подразделение, концептуально ориентированное на адаптацию к суровой местности, с целью медленного внедрения своих достижений в армию в целом. Давайте создадим эту организацию."
 USA_walkie_talkies: "Воки-токи"
 USA_walkie_talkies_desc: " "Обычно название военной экипировки и снаряжения имеют звучные имена. Воки-Токи? Как это проскользнуло в общую систему? Наши генералы утверждают, что это новое беспроводное устройство связи позволит нашим войскам эффективно переговариваться на поле боя. И мы называем это Воки Токи? "
 USA_defense_logistics_agency: "Агентство по Оборонной Логистике"
 USA_defense_logistics_agency_desc: "Инфраструктура Соединённых Штатов хорошо справляется с нагрузкой, создаваемой межштатовой торговлей, но не готова поддерживать массовые мобилизации. Это надлежит исправить."
 USA_increase_military_production: "Стимуляция военного производства"
 USA_increase_military_production_desc: "Рабочие на наших заводах приближают день победы, даже если они в это не верят. Где не работает пропаганда,  будет использован денежный стимул."
 USA_tank_competition: "Танковые соревнования"
 USA_tank_competition_desc: "Инженеры создают новые модели десятками, и нам надо создать единый процесс тестирования, чтобы определять, какой из них будет наиболее успешно справляться с поставленными задачами на поле боя."
 USA_armored_cavalry: "Бронированная конница"
 USA_armored_cavalry_desc: "Наши офицеры, имеющие опты в командовании механической кавалерией, планируют трансформировать поле боя, используя танки и бронемашины. Совместив усилия армии, Генри Форда и ещё нескольких промышленников, мы сможем воплотить этот план в реальность."
 USA_gi_bill: "Билль G.I."
 USA_gi_bill_desc: "Молодые люди отправляются на войну по самым разным причинам. Билль G.I., обеспечивающий ветеранам значительные пенсии, стоит надеяться, убедит тех, на кого не действует прилив патриотизма."
 USA_fighter_development: "Развитие истребителей"
 USA_fighter_development_desc: "В то время как мы все еще застряли с P-26 Peashooter, наши национальные компании совершили огромный прорыв с P-36 Hawk, Seversky P-35, P-39 Airacobra и новыми прототипами P-40 Warhawk, которые могут дать нам преимущество на поле боя. Давайте финансировать эти компании, чтобы их проекты могли войти в серийное производство."
 USA_expand_air_corps_tactical_school: "Расширить Тактическую школу ВВС"
 USA_expand_air_corps_tactical_school_desc: "Мы нуждаемся в помещении для подготовки новых пилотов к разнообразным операциям, которыми занимаются ВВС. В Вирджинии часть ACTS осталась верна нам, несмотря на все недостатки наших ВВС, и их установки и опыт могут оказаться жизненно важными для подготовки летчиков завтрашнего дня."
 USA_expand_wasps: "Организовать WASP"
 USA_expand_wasps_desc: "Женская служба пилотов военно-воздушных сил США будет сфокусирована на выполнении второстепенных задач ВВС. Они не будут сражаться в воздухе сами, но будут делать всё необходимое для успеха сражений на земле."
 USA_screaming_eagles: "Программа 'Кричащие Орлы'"
 USA_screaming_eagles_desc: "101-я десантно-штурмовая дивизия является частью эксперимента по созданию воздушного десанта, который станет нашим ответом дельтаплановым операциям, первопроходцами которых являются европейцы. Если эти эксперименты закончатся успехом, мы сможем потрясать врага атаками с дополнительных углов."
 USA_radar_development: "Разработка Р.А.Д.А.Р."
 USA_radar_development_desc: "РАДАР, совершенно-секретная технология, способная обнаруживать перемещения авиации в воздухе, позволит нашим солдатам спать спокойнее ночами."
 USA_expand_the_USAAC: "Расширить USAAC"
 USA_expand_the_USAAC_desc: "Воздушный армейский корпус США, находящийся на службе с 1926 года, в основном остается на обочине военного развития. Несмотря на скудный бюджет, им все же удалось внедрить инновации во многих аспектах, и верховное командование почти не видит причин для реформ. Учитывая разногласия, возникшие у высшего командования с авиаторами за последние несколько лет, было решено, что им лучше оставаться неотъемлемой частью армии."
 USA_create_the_USAAF: "Создать USAAF"
 USA_create_the_USAAF_desc: "Военно-воздушные силы США - это успех и летчика, и политика. Теперь, когда мечта Билли Митчелла реализована полностью, мы можем сосредоточиться на совершенствовании доктрины Гарольда Л. Джорджа и повышении возможностей Америки по нанесению дальних ударов."
 USA_modernize_cavalry_tactics: "Модернизировать тактику кавалерии"
 USA_modernize_cavalry_tactics_desc: "Наши наблюдатели за ходом Вельткрига заметили, что новые тактики и технологии становятся жизненно важными на поле боя. Принимая это во внимание, неудивительно, что генерал Чаффи счел нужным распространить новые руководства, определяющие, как использовать и противостоять бронетанковым наступлениям, поскольку старая тактика борьбы с кавалерией устарела."
 USA_mechanization_program: "Программа механизации"
 USA_mechanization_program_desc: "Скорости, которые, по обещаниям Чаффи, будут достигаться нашей новой военной техникой, вынудят нас пересмотреть наши методы сборки  техники и поддержки её в рабочем состоянии."
 USA_top_notch_artillery: "Наилучшая Артиллерия"
 USA_top_notch_artillery_desc: "Артиллерийские орудия должны быть не только более прочными, но и более легкими, если мы хотим реагировать на изменения на поле боя в соответствии с планом. Опыт МакНейра, приобретенный им в 1920-х годах в экзаменационных комиссиях, похоже, не пропал даром, и он предложил пересмотреть производство американской артиллерии, что, по его мнению, приведет к тому, что артиллерийские орудия станут более простыми в производстве и ремонте, а также более точными на поле боя."
 USA_production_priority: "Ускорение производства"
 USA_production_priority_desc: "По мере того, как наша военная промышленность развивается, МакНейр подчеркнул необходимость использования противовоздушных и противотанковых пушек, чтобы остановить как бронированные, так и воздушные угрозы. Однако, чтобы выделить средства, о которых просит МакНейр, высшему командованию потребуются веские основания..."
 USA_CAS_doctrine: "Упражнения взаимодействия земля-воздух"
 USA_CAS_doctrine_desc: "Хотя технически USAAC работает с армией уже более десяти лет, они практически никогда не работали вместе. В настоящее время армия просит ВВС поддержать их наступление, а поскольку действия вслепую могут привести к дружественному огню, генералов объединяют в пары на конкретных участках боевых действий, чтобы они могли осуществлять координацию и следить за тем, чтобы наши потери были минимальными."
 USA_CAS_model: "Разработка моделей штурмовиков"
 USA_CAS_model_desc: "Поскольку воздушный корпус так и не был интегрирован в армию, почти никаких разработок не велось в отношении новых моделей ближней авиационной поддержки. К счастью, подрядчики уже были достаточно любезны, чтобы предоставить нам такие прототипы, как Brewster XSBA-1 и уже устаревший Northrop A-17 "Drifter". Верховному командованию придется тщательно выбирать, кто станет нашим основным штурмовиком-бомбардировщиком, если мы хотим добиться успеха..."
 USA_strategic_bomber_development: "Разработка стратегических бомбардировщиков"
 USA_strategic_bomber_development_desc: "У Америки почти нет врагов в пределах досягаемости, которых можно было бы опасаться. В связи с этим в ВВС США возникла общая мысль, которую распространила группа, возглавляемая известными летчиками, такими как Карл Шпатц. Армия окрестила их "мафией бомбардировщиков" из-за их методов, и эта "мафия бомбардировщиков" теперь просит финансирования для дальнейшего расширения своих планов дальних ударов."
 USA_strategic_bombing_doctrine: "Доктрина стратегической бомбардировки"
 USA_strategic_bombing_doctrine_desc: "Идея, проталкиваемая Шпатцем и его знакомыми, довольно проста: Враг не сможет продолжать борьбу, если дома, за который они сражаются, больше не существует. Уничтожив их промышленность и боевой дух в тылу, наши войска будут иметь преимущество как в моральном духе, так и в оснащении на передовой."
 USA_long_range_escorts: "Авиация сопровождения дальнего действия"
 USA_long_range_escorts_desc: "Хотя наличие лучших бомбардировщиков жизненно важно для победы в завтрашней войне у порога врага, эти бомбардировщики редко могут действовать самостоятельно. Им нужен эскорт, способный противостоять вражеским истребителям и вернуться обратно целыми и невредимыми. К счастью для нас, конструктор самолетов Келли Джонсон обратился к нам с новым инновационным проектом: P-38, получивший название "Молния"."
 USA_aerodrome_construction: "Постройка аэродромов"
 USA_aerodrome_construction_desc: "Мы должны усыпать страну взлётно-посадочными полосами, чтобы предоставить нашей авиации возможность быстро прибыть в любую часть страны."
 USA_central_operating_bases: "Центральные операционные базы"
 USA_central_operating_bases_desc: "Мы должны сфокусироваться на больших и хорошо охраняемых авиабазах, расположенных у важных стратегических локаций."
 USA_flexible_bombers: "Гибкие бомбардировщики"
 USA_flexible_bombers_desc: "Бомбардировщики, эти вселяющие ужас машины, позволят нам проецировать нашу мощь за морями. Успех нашего секретного проекта также зависит от наличия бомбардировщиков, способных эффективно и безопасно доставлять секретный объект до цели."
 USA_Quesada_CAS: "Поддержка с воздуха по Кесаду"
 USA_Quesada_CAS_desc: "Генерал Кесаду имеет очень практическое отношение к руководству воздушными миссиями, и его подход к воздушной тактике является почти революционным для наших молодых ВВС. Давайте профинансируем его усилия и поможем распространить его пособия среди пилотов, чтобы наша доктрина CAS стала лучшей в мире!"
 USA_new_arms_factories: "Новые фабрики вооружения"
 USA_new_arms_factories_desc: "Главной проблемой нашего военно-промышленного комплекса является то, что часть предприятий были ликвидированы во время Великой Депрессии ради снижения трат правительством. Нужно в срочном порядке расширить что осталось, а также создать новые комплексы для производства вооружения на подконтрольной нам территории."
 USA_new_tank_assemblies: "Новые танковые разработки"
 USA_new_tank_assemblies_desc: "Бронетанковая война навсегда изменит облик поля боя. Мы не можем безучастно наблюдать за вооружением мира, а с танком мы сможем победить наших врагов не за годы, а за недели. Поэтому для нас было бы приоритетом построить больше этих смертоносных машин, чтобы мы были готовы к борьбе за свободу не только в Америке, но и во всем мире."
 USA_woman_army_corps: "Создание женского корпуса армии"
 USA_woman_army_corps_desc: "Не смотря на протесты социально-консервативных элементов Армии США, главнокомандующий решительно защищает женский корпус армии США. В ЖКА, возглавляемый секретарём департамента здравоохранения, Оветой Хобби,  прибыло в два раза больше добровольцев, чем ожидалось. Женские вспомогательные отряды помогут поддерживать наше снаряжение в рабочем состоянии и обеспечивать постоянную работу линий снабжения."
 USA_new_rifle_development: "Улучшение вооружения"
 USA_new_rifle_development_desc: "Хотя Америка и успешно догнала, а в случае с принятием на вооружение М1 Гаранд, перегнала иностранных производителей стрелкового оружия, мы должны удвоить наши усилия по модернизации остального арсенала армии."
 USA_tis_ill_defend: "’Готовы Защищать’"
 USA_tis_ill_defend_desc: "Армия США достигла нового пика как по численности, так и по эффективности. Мы можем положиться на них в защите наших ценностей как внутри страны, так и за рубежом, и в этом процессе верховное командование сумело извлечь несколько ценных уроков, которые дают нам преимущество перед неопытными военными."
 USA_Craig_plan_desc: "План Мэлина Крэйга является единственным, который сможет гарантировать создание достаточно больших вооружённых сил в отведённый нам отрезок времени."
 USA_hierarchical_reorganization: "Реорганизация Иерархии"
 USA_hierarchical_reorganization_desc: "Меритократия Армии США уступила свою позицию непотизму и фаворитизму. Мы должны восстановить принципы устава армии и пересмотреть состав нашего штаба."
 USA_joint_chiefs_of_staff: "Комитет Начальников Штабов"
 USA_joint_chiefs_of_staff_desc: "Раздоры, часто возникающие в нашей армии из-за межсервисного соперничества, мешают работе правительства. Во избежание разрастания этих разногласий мы создадим комитет, который позволит начальникам штабов получать надлежащее количество внимания."
 USA_establish_a_new_officer_training_center: "Основать новый центр подготовки офицеров"
 USA_establish_a_new_officer_training_center_desc: "В связи с опасным положением, в котором находится самые престижные из наших офицерских школ, нам нужно срочно их эвакуировать или профинансировать создание новых в более безопасных местах."
 USA_a_gun_for_every_hand: "Оружие в каждые руки"
 USA_a_gun_for_every_hand_desc: "Приоритетом генерала Крейга является не только мобилизация крупных пехотных подразделений, но и постоянное их снабжение. В связи с этим он настаивает на необходимости составления второго бюджета, в котором предпочтение отдается подрядчикам Оружия для производства большего количества снаряжения, чтобы наши войска на фронте могли сражаться с полным комплектом против любой угрозы."
 USA_engineer_corps_expansion: "Расширение инженерных войск"
 USA_engineer_corps_expansion_desc: "Мы, наконец, смогли предоставить достаточное количество инфраструктуры и ресурсов для повсеместного использования инженерных войск в бою. Координируя работу наших разведчиков, скаутов и наблюдателей мы сможем обеспечить успешное выполнение стройбатами поставляемых перед ними задач."
 USA_american_auto_industry: "Американская Автомобильная Промышленность"
 USA_american_auto_industry_desc: "Автомобили завладели популярностью среди жителей Америки с самого момента своего появления. Большая часть автомобильных фабрик располагаются на севере, где делами заправляют синдикалисты. Но Д. Кайзер переместил свою промышленность из северных штатов, и мы должны проспонсировать подобное перемещение промышленности других компаний."
 USA_cult_of_aviation: "Превосходство в воздухе по Спаатсу"
 USA_cult_of_aviation_desc: "Генерал Карл Шпатц уже давно приобрел дурную славу в USAAC и USAAF. Успех его идей на поле боя доказал, что подход Шпатца к воздушной войне может быть правильным, и поэтому армия должна сосредоточиться на продвижении и распространении руководств, независимо от разногласий с "бомбардировочной мафией", чтобы наши пилоты могли изучать и применять его идеи в небе."

### Military - Navy ###
 USA_navy: "Американский флот"
 USA_navy_desc: "Американский флот, наша гордость и традиционный символ, последнее время сильно деградировал. Мы этого не потерпим! Мы должны начать новую реформу ВМФ."
 USA_grand_navy: "Великий Флот"
 USA_grand_navy_desc: "Наш флот когда-то был одним из самых сильных в мире. Мы должны вновь достичь этого уровня. Великий флот из линкоров и дредноутов позволит диктовать свою волю на море."
 USA_defend_our_trade: "Защита конвоев"
 USA_defend_our_trade_desc: "Торговля - это кровоток Америки. Мы должны построить свою морскую доктрину так, чтобы быть уверенными, что торговля защищена от вражеских рейдов."
 USA_carriers: "Планы флотилий авианосцев"
 USA_carriers_desc: "Авианосцы - корабли будущего. Мы должны вложить средства в их разработку и строительство."
 USA_battleships: "Разработка линкоров"
 USA_battleships_desc: "Линкоры - цари океанических вод. Мы должны начать разработку новых современных моделей с улучшенными орудиями и обшивкой."
 USA_battle_cruisers: "Разработка боевых крейсеров"
 USA_battle_cruisers_desc: "Боевые крейсера - это золотая середина между огромным линкором и мелким, юрким, крейсером. Мы должны пополнить наш флот этими кораблями."
 USA_coast_guard: "Береговая охрана"
 USA_coast_guard_desc: "Восстановление береговой охраны обеспечит безопасность наших торговых путей на море, и огородит конвои от вражеских рейдов."
 USA_light_cruisers: "Разработка Легких Крейсеров"
 USA_light_cruisers_desc: "Лёгкие крейсера важны для вылавливания вражеских эсминцев и подлодок. Мы должны построить больше таких кораблей, чтобы сделать флот более сбалансированным и мощным."
 USA_naval_aviation: "Морская авиация"
 USA_naval_aviation_desc: "Морская авиация - будущее морских баталий. Мы можем использовать самолёты, чтобы уничтожить большую часть вражеского флота ещё до того, как наши корабли начнут бой."
 USA_expand_dockyards: "Расширение верфей"
 USA_expand_dockyards_desc: "Наши верфи недостаточно большие для строительства большого флота. Мы должны вложиться в строительство новых верфей."
 USA_submarines: "Разработка субмарин"
 USA_submarines_desc: "Субмарины могут быть очень полезны в делах уничтожения вражеских конвоев. Мы должны разработать новые проекты подлодок, чтобы сделать их ещё более смертоносными."
 USA_liberty_ships: "Корабли свободы"
 USA_liberty_ships_desc: "Наши верфи, которые предназначались для строительства гражданских судов, могут быть перестроены под нужды строительства конвоев, которые будут доставлять припасы нам и нашим союзникам по всему миру."
 USA_new_ship_buildings: "Морская промышленность"
 USA_new_ship_buildings_desc: "Америка исторически имела морскую промышленность на уровне европейских гегемонов. Теперь, когда наши корабли усовершенствованы, мы можем заняться вопросами промышленности."
 USA_new_admirals: "Новые адмиралы"
 USA_new_admirals_desc: "Во время кризиса большое количество адмиралов и офицерского состава ВМФ дезертировали. Мы должны обучить новое поколение капитанов и адмиралов."
 USA_expand_waves: "Женщины-матросы"
 USA_expand_waves_desc: "Женщины могут занять вспомогательные роли на корабле, высвободив больше рук для ведения боевых действий. И хотя общественность отнеслась к инициативе неоднозначно, наш боевой потенциал должен возрасти."
 USA_marine_corps: "Улучшение морской пехоты"
 USA_marine_corps_desc: "Морская Пехота США была её элитой, с помощью которой мы диктовали свою волю. От побережья Галлиполи до залов Монтесумы - наши ребята побывали везде. Мы должны обеспечить их самым современным оружием."
 USA_urban_warfare: "Расширение корпуса морпехов"
 USA_urban_warfare_desc: "Мы должны расширить корпус Морской Пехоты, чтобы даже самые отдалённые уголки планеты стали нашими."
 USA_naval_training: "Тренировка матросов"
 USA_naval_training_desc: "И хотя морская академия в Аннаполисе была уничтожена во время кризиса, мы располагаем большой сетью морских училищ, которые позволят нам тренировать экипажи кораблей."
 USA_semper_fi: "Semper Fi"
 USA_semper_fi_desc: "Semper Fidelis означает 'всегда верен'. Морпехи, чьим девизом является данное высказывание, всегда были верны американским идеалам и будут стоять за нас горой."
 USA_america_rules_the_waves: "Правь, Америка, морями!"
 USA_america_rules_the_waves_desc: "Благодаря массовым реформам и инвестициям из бюджета, наш флот снова могуч. Поднять якоря, нас ждёт великая война против империализма!"

### Foreign Policy ###
l_russian:
 USA_back_in_business: "Снова в деле"
 USA_back_in_business_desc: "Нацию сотрясали потрясения, мешавшие ей выступать как международной державе — но теперь всё изменилось. Америка готова вновь выйти на мировую арену."
 USA_rebuild_monroe: "Возродить доктрину Монро"
 USA_rebuild_monroe_desc: "Проблемы Европы и других регионов — не наши. Америка принадлежит к Новому Свету, и мы должны занять в нём достойное место. Наша судьба — быть хозяевами Северной Америки и защитниками Южной. И горе тем, кто встанет у нас на пути."
 USA_defend_the_new_world: "Защитить Новый Свет"
 USA_defend_the_new_world_desc: "Первый шаг к господству — убедить будущих союзников и врагов в нашей решимости. Примут ли нас или нет — но мы идём."
 USA_rightful_domain: "Законное владение"
 USA_rightful_domain_desc: "Северная Америка — наш главный приоритет. Мы не потерпим враждебных держав у наших границ и должны подготовить армию к защите наших рубежей по суше и по морю."
 USA_cooperation_treaties: "Договоры о сотрудничестве"
 USA_cooperation_treaties_desc: "Лига американских государств станет объединением дружественно настроенных нейтральных стран Северной и Южной Америки, где США выступят и как защитник, и как доброжелательный наставник."
 USA_new_american_imperialism: "Новый американский империализм"
 USA_new_american_imperialism_desc: "Американцы — не империалисты. Мы приходим туда, где нас ждут, и навязываем свою волю лишь тогда, когда это необходимо для поддержания порядка на Западе — на благо всех."
 USA_pax_americana: "Пакс Американа"
 USA_pax_americana_desc: "Великая борьба за Новый Свет завершилась, и в итоге выжила подлинная американская демократия. Наша промышленность ожила, армия не имеет равных, а наша решимость нерушима. Мы объявим миру: XX век принадлежит не Парижу и не Берлину, а Америке. Только под руководством США мир сможет познать мир и стабильность."
 USA_enter_the_fray: "Вступить в бой"
 USA_enter_the_fray_desc: "Америке надлежит быть на мировой арене. Пусть мы не стремимся к союзам, но не станем колебаться использовать силу против угроз, которые рано или поздно доберутся до нас."
 USA_arsenal_of_democracy: "Арсенал демократии"
 USA_arsenal_of_democracy_desc: "Политика добрососедства требует от нас внутренней программы подготовки к будущим конфликтам. Этот Арсенал демократии, как его называет Президент, позволит нам снабжать оружием даже самые удалённые уголки Южной Америки в борьбе с тиранией и синдикализмом."
 USA_longer_reach: "Длинная рука"
 USA_longer_reach_desc: "Чтобы проецировать силу на остальной мир, мы должны укрепить свой военно-морской потенциал."
 USA_on_the_beach: "На берегу врага"
 USA_on_the_beach_desc: "Наши враги должны бояться американских солдат на своих берегах. Мы обязаны развить мастерство и силу, чтобы воспользоваться своей дальнодействующей мощью."
 USA_working_with_allies: "Работать с союзниками"
 USA_working_with_allies_desc: "Американский опыт должен быть доступен нашим союзникам — или хотя бы врагам наших врагов. Если они сражаются лучше, вместе мы сможем победить."
 USA_american_century: "Американский век"
 USA_american_century_desc: "Идеологическая борьба за мир доказала силу американской промышленности и экономики. Америка — ключ к победе над тиранией и синдикализмом, и будет незаменима в поддержании мира, если мы победим."
 USA_fortress_america: "Крепость Америка"
 USA_fortress_america_desc: "Америка прошла через ад, и время вмешательства в чужие дела ещё не пришло. Мы должны сосредоточиться на внутреннем устройстве и быть готовы защитить наши границы, если враги постучат в дверь."
 USA_man_the_walls: "Укрепить стены"
 USA_man_the_walls_desc: "Первый шаг в обороне — надёжная охрана границ. Мир должен бояться американской мощи, но лишь если решит бросить нам вызов."
 USA_business_of_neutrality: "Нейтралитет как бизнес"
 USA_business_of_neutrality_desc: "Нейтралитет хорош тем, что у нас мало врагов, а значит, много торговых партнёров. Если Америка хочет стать мировой державой, это будет сделано на спине американского доллара."
 USA_look_inward: "Взгляд внутрь"
 USA_look_inward_desc: "Америка больше не должна сталкиваться с нестабильностью и угрозой гражданской войны. Нам нужно сосредоточиться на внутренних проблемах, а не смотреть в сторону тех мест, где американцам не место."
 USA_leap_forward: "Рывок в будущее"
 USA_leap_forward_desc: "Объединив усилия и сосредоточив внимание, Соединённые Штаты могут совершить рывок в новое столетие — далеко впереди остального мира."
 USA_peace_at_last: "Наконец-то мир"
 USA_peace_at_last_desc: "Наши усилия дали плоды, и теперь Америка знает, что значит настоящий мир, достигнутый через силу и жертву."

### Bookmark ###
USA_KR_gathering_storm_desc: "Соединённые Штаты Америки были близки к тому, чтобы отказаться от изоляционизма и вмешаться в Европейскую войну, но в конечном итоге остались в стороне. Это привело к победе Центральных держав, после чего экономика страны пошла на спад. Торговля с Европой сократилась, а выплата долгов Антанте стала невозможной из-за победы Германии. Международно изолированная, нация теперь сталкивается с растущим внутренним недовольством: стареющая и непопулярная администрация Смита подвергается вызову со стороны новых радикальных политических сил как слева, так и справа. С апатией внутри страны и лишь скромной репутацией за её пределами, положение Соединённых Штатов оставляет желать лучшего..."

### Intro Screen ###
USA_country_intro_background: "GFX_USA_intro"
USA_country_intro_header: "Соединённые Штаты Америки"
USA_country_intro_content: "Хотя США были избавлены от ужасов Европейской войны, в её последствиях они оказались в затруднительном положении, поскольку воцарился глобальный порядок под руководством Германии. Процветание нейтралитета уступило место застою экономики в начале 1920-х, когда президент §lУильям Гиббс МакАду§!, едва сменивший Вудро Вильсона, не смог справиться с социальными и трудовыми волнениями, нажив врагов как среди консерваторов, так и среди прогрессивистов. Его преемник, республиканец §mФрэнк Лоуден§!, столкнулся с ещё более серьёзным кризисом: Британская революция оборвала торговые связи Америки с её крупнейшим оставшимся торговым партнёром, что привело к краху Нью-Йоркской фондовой биржи в апреле и декабре 1925 года и позволило Берлинской бирже занять ведущую позицию в мировой экономике. Администрация Лоудена пыталась реагировать, в основном проводя политику невмешательства и продолжая повышать тарифы, ещё больше подрывая торговые отношения США.\n\nИзбрание §lЭла Смита§! в 1928 году, изначально приветствовавшееся прогрессивистами и реформаторами, вскоре разочаровало большие надежды. Хотя Смит успешно остановил падение и стабилизировал банковский сектор, он продолжал отвергать масштабные меры интервенционизма, особенно ведущие к дефициту бюджета. Отвергнутые демократами, прогрессивисты и рабочие впервые объединились с Социалистической партией в прогрессивный политический альянс — §SКрестьянско-трудовую§! §rпартию§!, которая с левого фланга оппонировала администрации Смита и добилась переноса выборов 1932 года в Палату представителей, где Смит был переизбран с их поддержкой. В то же время в Демократической партии нарастал оппозиционный блок во главе с §nХьюи Лонгом§!, объединённым общим презрением к Смиту и всё более радикальной риторикой в пользу его программы «§nРазделим богатство§!».\n\nК 1936 году Союз кажется более расколотым, чем в любое время со времён Гражданской войны. Несмотря на скромное восстановление (за исключением рецессии 1931 года, вызванной крахом Creditanstalt в Австрии), прежняя сильная позиция демократов значительно ослабла, поскольку Крестьяно-трудовая партия объединила левый фланг под независимым (и зачастую милитантным) знаменем, а сами демократы охвачены внутренними конфликтами. Уверенность в способностях Смита добиться заметных успехов в оставшийся срок низка, поскольку ни одна партия не контролирует большинство ни в одной из палат Конгресса. Тем временем организованное рабочее движение становится всё смелее, вызывая страхи революционного насилия и подталкивая правых искать лидера, способного защитить страну от синдикализма.\n\nСтрана балансирует на острие ножа, и малейший толчок может привести её к падению."

USA_country_intro_header_1: "Партии и фракции"
USA_country_intro_content_1: "§lДемократическая§! §cпартия§!\nСамая старая постоянно действующая политическая партия в мире, демократы прошли долгий путь: от (в целом) сторонников рабства — к аграрной и южной оппозиции республиканцам, затем к западной, южной и всё более городской партии с либеральными наклонностями. В настоящее время ведущая фракция демократов — §lлибералы§!, включая президента §lЭла Смита§! и вице-президента §lДжо Т. Робинсона§!. Их обычно поддерживают северные «этнические» избиратели; они выступают за большее участие государства в экономике и определённый международный подход. §cКонсерваторы§! обычно ассоциируются с югом, но не ограничены им. Разделённые между аграрными реакционерами, аристократическими южными плантаторами-бурбонами и более реформаторски настроенными умеренными консерваторами, они обычно против реформ в сфере гражданских прав и картелизации экономики, поддерживают малый бизнес и землевладельцев. Более крайняя вариация — §gреакционеры§! глубокого юга: нативисты, белые супремасисты, в целом реакционеры с элементами популизма, быстро теряющие терпение к национальному руководству партии. В последнее время они сближаются с §nлонгистами§!, личными сторонниками §nХьюи Лонга§!, пропагандирующими платформу «§nРазделим богатство§!» и его предстоящую президентскую кампанию.\n\n§mРеспубликанская партия§!\nОснована в 1854 году как широкая коалиция против Рабовладельческой власти, республиканцы обычно считаются «естественной правящей партией» США со времён окончания Гражданской войны, удерживая долгосрочное влияние. С левого фланга §4прогрессивные§! (обычно западные) республиканцы, сохраняющие наследие Теодора Рузвельта (например, Уильям Бора), поддерживают более широкое вмешательство государства в экономику, хотя обычно более децентрализованное, чем у либеральных демократов и крестьянско-трудовых. Как изоляционисты, они отличаются по международной политике от §3либеральных§! республиканцев, таких как Алф Лэндон, которые схожи с ними в вопросах тарифной реформы. §2Консерваторы§! решительно против свободной торговли и твёрдо изоляционистски настроены. После недавних поражений они вряд ли будут представлять республиканцев в 1936 году и склоняются к союзу с либералами против Бора.\n\n§SКрестьянско-трудовая§! §rпартия§!\nНовейший игрок в национальной политике, Крестьянско-трудовая партия — федеративное объединение без национального членства вне своих филиалов. Большинство её сторонников — §Sпрогрессивисты§!, объединённые вокруг кандидата 1932 года §SFloyd Olson§! и платформы социальных льгот, национализации коммунальных услуг и отраслей, а также расширения прав организованного труда. Основная активистская и парламентская масса принадлежит §RSocialist Party of America§!, главной американской партии §rТретьего интернационала§!. Социалистическая партия — революционная с 1920 года, но вынуждена участвовать в Крестьянско-трудовой из-за успехов британской Лейбористской партии. SPA разделена на фракции: ведущие — «§RПрогрессивный кокус§!» под руководством §RНормана Томаса§! справа и про-синдикалистские «§rИндустриальные унионисты§!» слева во главе с §rДжоном Ридом§!, лидером партии в Конгрессе, председателем и лицом американского социализма."

USA_country_intro_header_2: "Организованный труд"
USA_country_intro_content_2: "В США §Yпрофсоюзы§! десятилетиями разделены между несколькими конкурирующими центрами. Идеологические конфликты между индустриальным и ремесленным профсоюзами, а также отношения труда с политическими партиями и политикой в целом часто доминировали в дискуссиях о профсоюзной деятельности.\n\nСамым старым и устоявшимся центром является §lАмериканская федерация труда§!. AFL, возглавляемая президентом §lУильямом Грином§!, традиционно доминируют консерваторы ремесленного профсоюзного движения, отвергающие индустриальную организацию и организацию иммигрантов и неквалифицированных рабочих. Политически они выступают против привязки труда к какой-либо одной партии, оппортунистически поддерживая демократов и республиканцев (чаще первых) в зависимости от интересов труда.\n\n§SИндустриальные унионисты§!, ранее работавшие в AFL, отделились в 1929 году и создали §SКонгресс индустриальных организаций§! (CIO). CIO, возглавляемый президентом §SSидни Хиллманом§!, поддерживает индустриальную организацию и §SFarmer§!-§RLabor§! §rпартию§!, с которой формально связан и вносит членские взносы. После раскола с AFL CIO быстро вырос, охватив сталелитейную и автомобильную промышленность, которые AFL ранее игнорировал. CIO также сохраняет более свободные связи с §RSocialist Party of America§!, из которой черпает активистов и руководителей. В CIO выделяется ультра-синдикалистское крыло — §oЛига образовательных профсоюзов§! (TUEL), под руководством §oУильяма З. Фостера§! и §oЁрла Браудера§!. Следуя стратегии «подкопа изнутри» Фостера, TUEL считает своей задачей, что «§oмилитантное меньшинство§!» в профсоюзах должно захватить их для революционного синдикализма.\n\nПоследний крупный профсоюзный центр — знаменитые §rИндустриальные рабочие мира§! (IWW или «воббли»), возглавляемые §rЭлизабет Герли Флинн§!. IWW — открыто синдикалистский союз, организующийся по отраслям и находящийся в конфликте с AFL с момента основания. Он известен активной поддержкой организации иммигрантов, афроамериканцев, женщин и безработных. Политически IWW сохраняет ярко выраженную независимость: несмотря на отсутствие открытого конфликта с Социалистической партией, сотрудничество между ними редко выходит за рамки неформальных партнерств, чему не способствует участие SPA в Крестьянско-трудовой партии, которую IWW отвергает как буржуазный электоральный проект."

USA_guide: "§MРеспубликанцы (Уильям Бора)§! (§mРыночный либерал§!)\n£white_dot Выдвиньте Уильяма Бора кандидатом от Республиканской партии в президенты.\n£white_dot Формируйте коалицию демократов и республиканцев в Палате представителей после возвращения Конгресса.\n£white_dot Вы сможете достичь компромисса с Лонгом и его южными союзниками. (Смотрите §MИтоги Второй гражданской войны в Америке§! для подробностей).\n\n§MРеспубликанцы (Алф Лэндон)§! (§mРыночный либерал§!)\n£white_dot Выдвиньте Алфа Лэндона кандидатом от Республиканской партии в президенты.\n£white_dot Формируйте коалицию демократов и республиканцев в Палате представителей после возвращения Конгресса.\n£white_dot Чтобы Лэндон выиграл народное голосование, выдвиньте либо Нормана Томаса от §SFarmer-Labor Party§! в президенты и Юджина Талмаджа от §nUnion Party§! в вице-президенты, либо Флойда Олсона от §SFarmer-Labor Party§! в президенты и Бёртона К. Уилера от §nUnion Party§! в вице-президенты.\n£white_dot Вы сможете избежать военного переворота, создав союз сил истеблишмента. (Смотрите §MИтоги Второй гражданской войны в Америке§! для подробностей).\n\n§MМакартур и военные свергнут президента§! (§PPатриархальный автократ§!)\n£white_dot Либо сформируйте коалицию демократов с лонгистами или демократов с крестьянско-трудовыми, и Макартур сместит либо Лонга, либо исполняющего обязанности президента Квентина Рузвельта при марше на Вашингтон.\n£white_dot Как §mРеспубликанская партия§!, выберите фокус «Железный кулак», и Макартур сместит либо Бора, либо Лэндона при марше на Вашингтон.\n£white_dot Либо как §mРеспубликанская партия§!, провалите переговоры с Лонгом и южанами в роли Бора, либо с истеблишментом в роли Лэндона, и Макартур сместит президента при марше на Вашингтон.\n£white_dot После гражданской войны вы сможете либо передать власть гражданскому правительству, либо оставить Макартура у власти.\n§MИтоги Второй гражданской войны в Америке§!\n §MГражданская война с Макартуром§! (§cСША§! против §nAPG§! против §rWCA§! против §mACC§!)\n£white_dot Чтобы развить сценарий гражданской войны с Макартуром, следуйте шагам, ведущим к любому перевороту Макартура.\n §MГражданская война без Макартура§! (§cСША§! против §nAPG§! против §rWCA§!)\n£white_dot Чтобы развить гражданскую войну без Макартура, изберите Лэндона и либо сплотите истеблишмент вокруг закона о восстановлении, либо примите его напрямую.\n §MГражданская война без Лонга§! (§cСША§! против §rWCA§!)\n£white_dot В роли Бора успешно договоритесь с Лонгом, его южными союзниками или обоими, чтобы предотвратить восстание юга.\n£white_dot Если договоритесь только с одним, временно потеряете контроль над базой поддержки другой стороны.\n£white_dot Если договоритесь с обоими, WCA ослабнет, и вы не потеряете контролируемые территории.\n\n§MВнешняя политика США и их расколов§!\n§cСША§!/ §nAPG§! / §mACC§!\n£white_dot §MВосстановить доктрину Монро§!: Попытаемся восстановить влияние в Америке, создавая собственный альянс с решениями атаковать все социалистические и националистические страны в Америке и в конечном итоге подчинять более слабых в нашем союзе.\n£white_dot §MВступить в бой§!: Мы сможем вступить в Антанту, если Новая Англия не в их фракции, и иметь решения для войны с Японией, лидером Третьего интернационала, Германией и Россией.\n §CПримечание:§! §mACC§! потребует, чтобы лидер Антанты был демократическим для вступления, и сможет присоединиться к фракции Японии, если та демократична и Гавайи не в их фракции; §nAPG§! сможет присоединиться к Рейхспакту, если Гавайи не в их фракции.\n£white_dot §MКрепость Америка§!: Воздержимся от вступления в войны и сосредоточимся на мире.\n§rWCA§!\n£white_dot §MТретий интернационал§!: Завершите фокус «Хороший солдат-синдикалист», чтобы вступить.\n£white_dot §MОсвободить Новый мир§!: Создадим собственный альянс, пригласим все социалистические страны Америки и получим решения объявить войну всем несоциалистическим.\n§sNEE§!\n£white_dot §MСтарый порядок§!: Победите в гражданской войне с помощью Антанты. Поможем Антанте вернуть материки и возглавить альянс.\n£white_dot §MВозвращение на мировую арену§!: Выберите фокус на западном полушарии после победы. Создадим собственный альянс и возродим доктрину Монро, влияя на страны в сторону демократии.\n£white_dot §MПоворот к Тихому океану§!: Выберите фокус на восточном полушарии после победы. Расширим влияние в азиатских странах.\n §CПримечание:§! Смотрите гайд по Новой Англии для подробностей."

USA_guide_1: "§MБудущие выборы в США§!\n£white_dot §MГражданская война без Макартура§!\n §MВыборы 1940 года§!\n£white_dot Выбор Алфа Лэндона позволит переизбрать его или избрать Уэнделла Уилки от §lДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Выбор Уильяма Бора позволит выбрать между Квентином Рузвельтом от §mРеспубликанской партии§! или Гербертом Гувером от §cДемократической партии§!. Если Бор заключил сделку с Хьюи Лонгом или его южными союзниками, и Лонг не был убит, Лонг станет кандидатом от §aДемократической партии§! вместо Гувера.\n §MВыборы 1944 года§!\n£white_dot Избрание Уилки приведёт к его смерти в должности и соперничеству вице-президента Элбена Баркли с Робертом Тафтом от §mРеспубликанцев§!.\n£white_dot Переизбрание Лэндона или избрание Рузвельта противопоставит Рузвельта Скотту Лукасу от §lДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Гувера противопоставит его Тафту от §mРеспубликанцев§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Хьюи Лонга противопоставит его Тафту от §mРеспубликанцев§!, пока фокусное дерево Лонга не завершено. Если завершено, Лонг выиграет без конкуренции.\n §MВыборы 1948 года§!\n£white_dot Наличие Лукаса противопоставит его Чарльзу Хэллеку от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Тафта противопоставит его Хэппи Чандлеру от §cДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Рузвельта противопоставит его Чандлеру от §cДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Баркли или Гувера противопоставит Хэллека от §mРеспубликанской партии§! Чандлеру от §cДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Хьюи Лонга противопоставит его Хэллеку от §mРеспубликанцев§!, пока фокусное дерево Лонга не завершено. Если завершено, Лонг выиграет без конкуренции.\n §MВыборы 1952 года§!\n£white_dot Наличие Хэллека противопоставит его Полу Дугласу от §lДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Чандлера противопоставит его Гарольду Стассену от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Рузвельта или Тафта противопоставит Дугласа от §lДемократической партии§! Стассену от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Хьюи Лонга противопоставит его Стассену от §mРеспубликанцев§!, пока фокусное дерево Лонга не завершено. Если завершено, Лонг выиграет без конкуренции.\n\n£white_dot §MМакартур в гражданской войне§!\n£white_dot Добейтесь передачи власти Макартуром после окончания войны.\n£white_dot Затем вы сможете выбрать между Артуром Ванденбергом от §mРеспубликанской партии§! и Джоном Нэнсом Гарнером от §cДемократической партии§! в качестве временного президента.\n §MВыборы 1940 года§!\n£white_dot Макартур пойдёт в президенты от §mРеспубликанской партии§! и встретится с Байрдом от §cДемократической партии§!.\n §MВыборы 1944 года§!\n£white_dot Избрание Макартура противопоставит его Расселу-младшему от §cДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Избрание Байрда противопоставит его Роберту Тафту от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n §MВыборы 1948 года§!\n£white_dot Наличие Макартура или Байрда противопоставит Хэппи Чандлеру от §cДемократической партии§! Чарльза Хэллека от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Рассела-младшего противопоставит его Хэллеку от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Тафта противопоставит его Чандлеру от §cДемократической партии§!.\n §MВыборы 1952 года§!\n£white_dot Наличие Чандлера противопоставит его Гарольду Стассену от §mРеспубликанской партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Хэллека противопоставит его Полу Дугласу от §lДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Рассела-младшего противопоставит Стассену от §mРеспубликанской партии§! Джону Спаркману от §cДемократической партии§!.\n£white_dot Наличие Тафта противопоставит Стассену от §mРеспубликанской партии§! Полу Дугласу от §lДемократической партии§!."

### Events - Pre Election ###
united_states_events.2.t: "Чёрный понедельник поражает Америку"
united_states_events.2.d: "Катастрофа! Несколько дней назад по телеграфу на берега Соединённых Штатов дошла новость о массовой волне панических распродаж на Берлинской фондовой бирже, которая привела к повальному краху доверия инвесторов. Постоянное чувство страха, которое пронизывало американскую жизнь — ощущение, что даже когда экономика идёт вверх, впереди всегда два шага назад — теперь подтвердилось. К концу дня последовала масштабная распродажа на Нью-Йоркской фондовой бирже.\n\nВ воскресенье индекс Dow Jones уже снижался, но упал всего на два процента. Однако к концу торгов в понедельник он упал на двенадцать процентов, а во вторник — ещё на одиннадцать. За два дня было уничтожено целое четверть всех инвестиций. Несмотря на попытки Уильяма С. Дюранта и других членов семьи Рокфеллеров стабилизировать рынок значительными покупками, падение продолжилось, и некоторые экономисты выражают опасения, что оно может длиться бесконечно, пока не останется больше ничего для потери — доверие инвесторов разрушено на обозримое будущее.\n\nХотя этот крах почти не затронул большинство американцев, так как инвестиции имели лишь очень немногие, страх охватил средний и рабочий классы. Уже запланированы массовые забастовки всех крупных профсоюзов в знак протеста против ожидаемых увольнений и снижения зарплат, а на селе фермеры начали демонстрации. На севере, юге, востоке и западе происходит одно и то же, и атмосфера такая же, какая была перед кризисом 1925 года. Насколько американский народ может судить, будущего просто нет."
united_states_events.2.a: "Это просто не наш год."

united_states_events.17.t: "Отец Чарльз Коглин"
united_states_events.17.d: "Три года назад сегодня отец Чарльз Коглин начал еженедельное радиовещание в Америке, и более 50 миллионов человек включают радиоприёмники, чтобы слушать его. Он ярый антисемит, утверждающий, что синдикалистская революция во Франции была 'запущена евреями', а крах Берлинской фондовой биржи — это 'международный заговор еврейских банкиров', и, тем не менее, люди продолжают его слушать.\n\nЕго речь ненависти не будет терпима для Церкви, и ожидается, что Папа примет решение, обратиться ли к правительству США с просьбой прекратить его трансляции, чтобы его злобные послания не достигали широкой публики."
united_states_events.17.a: "Попросить президента США закрыть трансляцию этого 'Радио-священника'"
united_states_events.17.b: "Лучше не вмешиваться."

united_states_events.18.t: "Радиопередачи отца Чарльза Коглина на CBS"
united_states_events.18.d: "Чарльз Коглин — католический священник канадского происхождения, назначенный в Национальное святилище Малой Цветочки в Мичигане в 1923 году. В 1926 году он начал вести воскресные проповеди по местному радио и, несмотря на работу в относительно небольшой приходе, быстро приобрёл популярность среди католиков на фоне насилия Ку-Клукс-Клана и общего антикатолического настроения.\n\nК 1930 году его программа была подписана на Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), и темы его передач сместились с религии на политику — он критиковал неравенство доходов, банковскую систему и евреев. Это вызвало серьёзные споры, и CBS отказалась продлевать контракт, после чего Коглин создал собственную независимую радиосеть и продолжил набирать популярность на фоне Великой депрессии. Его популярность позволила основать Национальный союз за социальную справедливость (NUSJ) в 1934 году, а его передачи слушали десятки миллионов каждую неделю.\n\nСитуация накаляется: NUSJ проводит серию массовых митингов на муниципальном стадионе Кливленда, где Коглин предсказывает, что NUSJ завоюет половину штата Огайо благодаря большому количеству поддерживаемых кандидатов. Он также возглавил так называемую Конвенцию Таунсенда, требуя дальнейшего расширения пенсий по старости, и официально поддержал Хьюи Лонга на пост президента. Измотанный бурной деятельностью, Коглин чуть не потерял сознание к концу своей речи.\n\nСлова отца Коглина раскололи католический мир Америки: даже его друг Джозеф Кеннеди (ведущий демократ Массачусетса и видный католик) пытается убедить его смягчить риторику. Епископ Фрэнсис Спеллман и кардинал Евгенио Пачелли по предложению Кеннеди, а также другие члены католического духовенства пытались заставить Коглина замолчать, но лишь епископ Майкл Галлахер из Детройта имеет полномочия это сделать. Галлахер — его сторонник и отказывается, хотя считается больным. Федеральное правительство рассматривает возможность отказа в лицензии на вещание, но это может ещё больше радикализировать его последователей."
united_states_events.18.a: "Коглин становится угрозой для общества, прекратить его трансляции."
united_states_events.18.b: "Мне не нравится то, что он говорит, но я защищаю его право говорить это."

### Victory in the civil war
 united_states_events.116.t: "MacArthur's Power"
 united_states_events.116.d: "With our victory in the civil war, the question of MacArthur's status must be decided upon. Although President MacArthur is legally the acting president according due to his position as Secretary of State, an appointment confirmed by Congress on several occasions, it was obvious to all in 1937 that MacArthur took power illegally.\n\nMany now wish for the general to step down and hand power back over to the elected vice president of the 31st administration. Hardliners within MacArthur's clique insist that the US will fall back into civil war without him, however, while Republicans and some Democrats claim MacArthur would be a tyrant if he stayed."
 united_states_events.116.a: "MacArthur remains in power."
 united_states_events.116.b: "MacArthur gives up power."

 united_states_events.117.t: "Democracy Triumphs"
 united_states_events.117.d: "At long last, the Republic has been saved. The radicals from both the left and the right which tried to destroy America have been defeated.\n\nWe may have been battered and bruised but democracy has been saved."
 united_states_events.117.a: "God Bless America."

 united_states_events.118.t: "Malice or Charity?"
 united_states_events.118.d: "The question of what to do with those that fought against the government has to be decided.\n\nShall we offer clemency to those that fought against the government and try and rehabilitate them back into society or shall they be punished for their actions against America?"
 united_states_events.118.a: "Charity."
 united_states_events.118.b: "Malice."

 united_states_events.119.t: "The Fate of the Electoral College"
 united_states_events.119.d: "As we work to strengthen democracy following the civil war, the question of the Electoral College has been brought up.\n\nMany are calling for the end to the first-past-the-post system, which would be replaced by a simpler national popular voting system. A majority of Congress believes that we should keep FPTP around as a safeguard against radicalism in the future. What should we do?"
 united_states_events.119.a: "Abolish the College."
 united_states_events.119.b: "The Electoral College stays."

 united_states_events.120.t: "National Rehabilitation"
 united_states_events.120.d: "While we root out those that continue to still fight on for their treasonous cause, the question has come before MacArthur about what to do to those that have laid down their arms.\n\nSome of his advisors are suggesting clemency, others suggest they must be imprisoned for their actions. What shall the commander in chief choose?"
 united_states_events.120.a: "Down with the Traitors."
 united_states_events.120.b: "We have spilt enough blood."

 united_states_events.121.t: "Reconcile with Washington?"
 united_states_events.121.d: "The tyrant MacArthur has done the unthinkable and has stepped down from power. Thus a debate has arisen about if we should reunite and make America whole.\n\nMany believe that even though MacArthur has stepped down from power, he still has control and that he won't hesitate to re-assume power should politics don't go his way."
 united_states_events.121.a: "Let us reunite with Washington (Game Over)"
 united_states_events.121.b: "We are the true America and we shall unite America ourselves!"

 united_states_events.122.t: "America Is Reunited!"
 united_states_events.122.d: "The rebel government out west has decided to lay down their arms and rejoin America.\n\nThe military checkpoints along the Rocky Mountains are being dismantled and people from both sides of the country are crossing over. At long last the country is reunited."
 united_states_events.122.a: "From Sea to shining Sea!"

 united_states_events.123.t: "No Reconciliation"
 united_states_events.123.d: "Since MacArthur stepped down many wondered if the country would be whole again. However it seems that the rebels out west have decided that they shall not reunite with us.\n\nIn their senate, they denounced Congress as just being a pawn of MacArthur who they still regard as a tyrant despite the fact he saved the country."
 united_states_events.123.a: "America one day shall be reunited."

 united_states_events.125.t: "The National Labor Relations Board"
 united_states_events.125.d: "With the civil war over and reconstruction now under way, the question of trade unions have been brought up. Some think that we should promote more liberal and anti-syndicalist unions to be a ward against the influence of Syndicalism in politics. A few loyalists within the AFL are willing to cooperate with Congress in creating a National Labor Relations Board.\n\nThis board would be able to isolate IWW-affiliated unions, and give collective bargaining rights to unions that do not wish to see us hang. Others however, regard all trade unions as traitors to the country and should be outlawed together. Congress has decided to...?"
 united_states_events.125.a: "Accept the AFL into the NLRB."
 united_states_events.125.b: "Outlaw all Unions regardless of loyalty."

 united_states_events.127.t: "The Red Scare"
 united_states_events.127.d.macarthur: "Since MacArthur has taken power he has begun a campaign against socialism, anarchism, and syndicalism. They are, after all, the main instigators of the civil war and as such all Americans must know the role that they played in the conflict.\n\nNow, as the so-called \"red scare\" begins, many are being forced out of jobs and are being blacklisted."
 united_states_events.127.d.elected: "Since the election of [USA.GetLeader], the government of the United States has begun a campaign against socialists of all stripes. They were one of the main instigators of the civil war and as such all Americans must understand their role.\n\nMoreover, socialists and syndicalists must not allow their subversion to survive and as such as the so-called \"red scare\" begins many are being forced out of jobs and are being blacklisted."
 united_states_events.127.a: "Better Dead than Red."

 united_states_events.128.t: "Lavender Scare"
 united_states_events.128.d: "With the so-called Red Scare under way, [USA.GetLeader] has passed Executive Order 10450 that broadened the definition of a national security risk to include \"Any criminal, infamous, dishonest, immoral, or notoriously disgraceful conduct, habitual use of intoxicants to excess, drug addiction, or sexual perversion\". This has led to the firing of over 5,000 federal employees who were accused of being homosexual.\n\nThe press have mostly approved of this measure, although a few tabloids claim we are preaching hypocrisy. One of the chief prosecutors, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, has long been rumoured to be in the closet with his secretary Clyde Tolson. As Director of the most important intelligence agency, Hoover is of course beyond investigation. Even if we were to, J. Edgar probably has much more dirt on us than we have on him."
 united_states_events.128.a: "Let's not investigate J. Edgar Hoover."

 united_states_events.134.t: "The Great Migration"
 united_states_events.134.d: "As MacArthur has not given up power, a large number of Americans have made their way to [migrate.GetNameDef] - which is occupying American land and desecrating the flag and everything we hold dear.\n\nThe question, however, is what shall we do in regard to this \"Great Migration\"? Should we let these traitors freely go and present a security risk, or shall we use the army to capture and detain as many as possible?"
 united_states_events.134.a: "They shall not leave."
 united_states_events.134.b: "Let them go."

 united_states_events.135.t: "Refugees from MacArthur"
 united_states_events.135.d.let_go: "As expected, the tyrant Douglas MacArthur has refused to give up his grip on power. As such a large wave of Americans are making their way across the [Root.GetAdjective] border where they will find a new life out of MacArthur's shadow.\n\nMoreover, military leaders believe that we shall be able to make use of this intel and use it against [USA.GetNameDef], if it comes to that."
 united_states_events.135.d.army: "As expected, the tyrant Douglas MacArthur has refused to give up his grip on power. A wave of migrants and refugees have come across the [Root.GetAdjective] border.\n\nWhile we and our special services have done what we could to bring them across, MacArthur used his army upon many, massacring them like the butcher that he is. However, this has only fuelled people's desire to see MacArthur punished."
 united_states_events.135.a: "Welcome to [Root.GetNameDef]"

 united_states_events.136.t: "The Provisional President"
 united_states_events.136.d: "With democracy now restored to the country, a question remains: who shall lead the country until the next election?\n\nMacArthur has picked two candidates who could serve in that role and submitted their names to Congress: Senator Arthur Vandenberg of the Republicans and former House Speaker John Nance Garner of the Democrats. Both of these figures supported MacArthur's emergency government, and although their image among anti-MacArthurites has suffered by his association with this handover, Congress and General MacArthur hope that the country will be able to unite behind their choice as a lawful civilian president."
 united_states_events.136.a: "Welcome, President Vandenberg."
 united_states_events.136.b: "Welcome, President Garner."

 united_states_events.152.t: "NAACP and FBI Defame Socialists"
 united_states_events.152.d: "During the 1930s, a large part of the NAACP's activities were taken up by litigation in favour of African-American rights. This was due to the retreating strength of the black vote and the diminishing ability of African-Americans to reach office after Plessy v. Ferguson. This avenue was also pursued by the syndicalist aligned International Labor Defense, who countered the NAACP for a decade in a competition for the hearts of black voters.\n\nSeeing no other option and being unwilling to ever compromise with socialists, NAACP leader Walter Francis White has decided to cooperate with the FBI in an anti-socialist public relations campaign. Whether this truly motivates civil rights or further dilutes the current remains to be seen."
 united_states_events.152.a: "I'm no judge."

 united_states_events.153.t: "Statehood for Alaska?"
 united_states_events.153.d: "Alaska has proposed to congress being admitted to [Root.GetNameDef] as a state.\n\nShould Alaska be admitted as a state with all that entails or should it remain a territory for now?"
 united_states_events.153.a: "Alaska is a state."
 united_states_events.153.b: "Alaska remains a territory for now."

 united_states_events.154.t: "Statehood for Hawaii?"
 united_states_events.154.d: "Hawaii has proposed to congress being admitted to [Root.GetNameDef] as a state.\n\nShould Hawaii be admitted as a state with all that entails or should it remain a territory for now?"
 united_states_events.154.a: "Hawaii is a state."
 united_states_events.154.b: "Hawaii is a territory."

 united_states_events.155.t: "Statehood for Puerto Rico?"
 united_states_events.155.d: "With Alaska and Hawaii both being considered as potential new states of the Union, representatives from Puerto Rico have proposed that they should also become a state of [Root.GetNameDef].\n\nShall they become a state of the Union, becoming the 51st state or shall they remain a territory?"
 united_states_events.155.a: "Puerto Rico is a state."
 united_states_events.155.b: "Puerto Rico is a territory."

 united_states_events.156.t: "Division over Big Business Support"
 united_states_events.156.d: "It is known by most Democrats that economic reform is necessary to preserve American integrity, to this end Democrats differ on the agency the government must take towards existing industries that are ailing. A proposed civil works programme to electrify the Southwest using hydroelectric power hit a snag as Democrats could not agree on the role of public works in the marketplace.\n\nThe Works would be able to undercut private electricity companies because it would be able to cross state borders and build dams on public land. Conservative Democrats oppose such intrusions as these, saying that it violates states' rights to govern trade. More liberal-minded Democrats hold fast that the necessity and potential of Public Works outweigh the risks."
 united_states_events.156.a: "Liberal Democrats win out."
 united_states_events.156.b: "Conservative Democrats win out."

 united_states_events.160.t: "William McAdoo Has Died"
 united_states_events.160.d.start: "Former President William Gibbs McAdoo has passed away in his home in California. McAdoo's tenure as president was short and troubled. Though he entered office as a labour reformer, his repression of several strikes made him an object of scorn for the left. Having inherited a sluggish economy from his father-in-law, President Wilson, McAdoo's term in office saw a degree of economic recovery.\n\nHowever, it was not enough to prevent an ignominious defeat at the hands of Frank Lowden in 1928, ending the longest continuous period of Democratic control of the presidency since the first civil war"
 united_states_events.160.d.civil_war_no_acc: "$united_states_events.160.d.start$. Still despite this, [USA.GetLeader] has remarked on McAdoo's passing and offered his condolences to his family and praised his work."
 united_states_events.160.d.civil_war_acc_usa: "$united_states_events.160.d.start$. When the second civil war began he openly gave his support to the traitors in California. [USA.GetLeader] has remarked on his death and openly criticised McAdoo's decision to support the traitors out west."
 united_states_events.160.d.civil_war_acc_acc: "$united_states_events.160.d.start$. Despite this, when the second civil war began his support for the provisional government in the west coast helped give it an air of legitimacy. [ACC.GetLeader] has remarked on his passing and offered his condolences and praised McAdoo's Legacy."
 united_states_events.160.a: "He will be missed."

 united_states_events.161.t: "Boulder Dam Completed"
 united_states_events.161.d: "'This morning I came, I saw and I was conquered, as everyone would be who sees for the first time this great feat of mankind. Ten years ago the place where we are gathered was a sparse, forbidding desert. In the bottom of a gloomy canyon, whose precipitous walls rose to a height of more than a thousand feet, flowed a turbulent, dangerous river. The mountains on either side of the canyon were difficult of access with neither road nor trail, and their rocks were protected by neither trees nor grass from the blazing heat of the sun.\n\nThe site of Boulder City was a cactus-covered waste. The transformation wrought here in these years is a twentieth-century marvel.' Thus begins [ROOT.GetLeader]'s speech dedicating the creation of Boulder Dam that has finally been completed today."
 united_states_events.161.a: "... on behalf of the Nation to say to you, \"Well done\"."

 united_states_events.163.t: "Amelia Earhart Circumnavigates Globe"
 united_states_events.163.d: "The famous aviator Amelia Earhart, known to many as the \"Queen of the Air\", has completed a flight around the world together with her navigator Fred Noonan.\n\nAfter a brief scare when the pair temporarily got lost while approaching Howland Island in the Pacific, the flight proceeded without incident and this morning their Lockheed Electra touched down in Oakland, California.\n\nA ceremony is to be held in the White House next week, where Earhart is to be personally congratulated for her feat by the President."
 united_states_events.163.a: "Quite an achievement!"

 united_states_events.171.t: "Not Worth a Bucket of Warm Piss"
 united_states_events.171.d: "President John Nance Garner has never had much respect for the Vice Presidency. During the National Convention, Garner refused any oeuvres to take the VP slot for someone else's campaign. Garner's choice of Sam Rayburn came with the implicit understanding that Rayburn's position meant very little to the executive branch.\n\nThis is why today's newspaper of Rayburn coming out to criticises Garner for failing to appease radicals was so shocking. Garner responded in interviews that he disregards anything the VP has to say, as \"Rayburn's position isn't worth a bucket of piss\"."
 united_states_events.171.a: "How scandalous."

 united_states_events.172.t: "A Hammer Too Large to Break"
 united_states_events.172.d: "In thanks from the people of Texas, and in recognition for his undying loyalty to the Democratic party, Garner was given a 400-pound hammer this weekend as a gift.\n\nPresident Garner, who is known to slam his gavels so hard that he has broken several in the first year of Presidency alone, is more than pleased with this gift and is assured it will withstand any anger he throws at it."
 united_states_events.172.a: "When all you have is a hammer..."

 united_states_events.175.t: "Reconciliation with the Roosevelts"
 united_states_events.175.d: "The Roosevelt family has been divided ever since the death of former president Theodore Roosevelt. While young Quentin Roosevelt stayed involved in Republican politics, Archibald Roosevelt has left the reservation entirely.\n\nRumours of him associating with industrialists and railing against every president since Hoover including Quentin has come to a head. Archibald and Quentin have met to officially bury the hatchet of politics and reunite their family. This meeting also helps to drive home Quentin's atmosphere of reconciliation instead of punishing dissonance."
 united_states_events.175.a: "Another family reunited."

 united_states_events.176.t: "Willkie's Affair Discovered"
 united_states_events.176.d: "Westbrook Pegler, that sinister exaggerator, just came out with an article alleging that Willkie is cheating on his wife Edith Willkie with journalist Irita Van Doren. The press have taken to this story and our President is besieged by questions of marital infidelity.\n\nOur Press Chief is trying his best at damage control, as well as Irita taking a surprise vacation, but the trustworthiness of Willkie has been damaged."
 united_states_events.176.a: "Damn that Pegler!"

 united_states_events.177.t: "Willkie Addresses NAACP"
 united_states_events.177.d: "President Willkie, despite being a lifelong Democrat, never actively endorsed the Southern Democrat line on race. An early critic of John Nance Garner for failing to appeal to black voters in 1936, Willkie made up for that with a historic speech at the NAACP Convention. Speaking in favour of integration in the military, and also getting a few jabs at Republicans and Democrats for failing to protect black voters from the SPA.\n\nHis speech ended with a support for Jewish rights to democracy, and forewarned that socialists would target them next if antisemitism reached the levels of racism in America. Democrats in Congress are currently ruminating over how to respond, with most wishing to remain silent until next election season."
 united_states_events.177.a: "Good Ol' Willkie."

 united_states_events.179.t: "Wallace's Hi-Bred Corn"
 united_states_events.179.d: "Henry Wallace made his fortune in Agronomy, studying under George Washington Carver in university. The breakout success that gave Henry Wallace the ability to pursue politics is the Pioneer Hi-Bred company, a maker of hybrid crops. As president, Wallace has taken his share in Hi-Bred and instructed the Department of Agriculture to disseminate information about hybrid crops, which are beginning to show improvement in water retention over normal crops.\n\nThe imperative to do this is the ongoing farming disaster in Oklahoma, where dust storms have taken out millions in food. Wallace hopes to solve this issue and save America's food supply."
 united_states_events.179.a: "We do need food."

 united_states_events.180.t: "Taylor's Radical Proposal in Congress"
 united_states_events.180.d: "Out of the several strange requests President Taylor has made over the years, this has to be the hardest to handle. President Taylor has convinced several Progressive Congressmen to revive his old legislation promoting World Unity.\n\nExplained as a successor to President Wilson's peace plans he spoke of as the Weltkrieg raged on, World Unity is the preservation of human life and culture and the end of total war. This proposal in Congress was of course defeated, but the gesture has surprisingly boosted President Taylor's reputation."
 united_states_events.180.a: "We all hope for peace."

 united_states_events.181.t: "Taylor Takes the Stage Nationwide"
 united_states_events.181.d: "One of the many eccentric qualities of President Taylor is his singing career. From his time singing to children on the steps of the Capitol building to now singing in front of his millions of constituents.\n\nPresident Taylor has leveraged what would have made him a laughing stock in politics into a genuine expression of his patriotism in art. Taylor sings to promote unity in America over politics, and cooperation instead of victory."
 united_states_events.181.a: "Sing On, Jim!"

 united_states_events.182.t: "Barkley Ends the Corvee System"
 united_states_events.182.d: "A division has appeared between President Barkley and the Democratic Party on Fair Deal Infrastructure. A Congressional debate brought up the idea of allowing a smaller community works to be paid by the government, with repair being handled by the Corvée system. The Corvée system is a tax imposed to pay for prisoners to repair public works.\n\nPresident Barkley spoke out against this idea, as his time in Kentucky taught him that penal labour will never surpass contract labour. This stand also puts pressure on Southern Democrats in his own party that support a state-financed and cheap reconstruction plan. National attention to the Corvée system has led to most states outlawing it."
 united_states_events.182.a: "Rightfully So."

 united_states_events.183.t: "Russell's Chain Gang Labour Exposed"
 united_states_events.183.d: "Richard Russell's career in Georgia prior to the White House wasn't without its controversy. As a cost-cutting measure, Russell authorised the use of penal labour to undertake constructions for the state. This free labour was compounded by poor living conditions and has eventually come back to haunt Russell.\n\nA former prisoner who had his conviction overturned has written a book entitled \"I Am a Fugitive from a Georgia Chain Gang!\". This book describes a corrupt penal system and puts the blame on now-President Russell. Those critical of the President are having a field day with this. Rumours of Hollywood planning a movie on this book have also circulated."
 united_states_events.183.a: "Who would believe a Prisoner?"

 united_states_events.184.t: "Gangsters Miss Dewey By A Hair"
 united_states_events.184.d: "Dewey's past came gunning for him one Sunday morning at a D.C. restaurant. Gangsters, sent by the Dutch Schultz to avenge his upcoming execution tried shooting at him through the windows. Fortunately, the Secret Service was able to hide President Dewey, and nabbed the gangsters responsible. As a result, Dewey has doubled his security and pressed for further crackdowns nationwide on crime syndicates, as this attempt may encourage copycats.\n\nBoth Democrat and Republican in Congress have called J. Edgar Hoover into Congress to explain how the FBI did not see this coming. Many on the fence about Dewey are now glad their President has survived such a vile plot."
 united_states_events.184.a: "Close Call."

 united_states_events.185.t: "William Borah Passes Away"
 united_states_events.185.d.start: "The embattled Federal government has been engulfed in tragedy as the civil war claims another casualty. President William Borah, the so-called \"Lion of Idaho\", died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. The chaos of war and the breakdown of communications meant that in some areas, news was slow to trickle in, but over the last few weeks many - including some still fighting against the Federal government - have expressed condolences for the President's passing."
 united_states_events.185.d.end: "President's words dashed the faint hope that the death of Borah would begin a new round of negotiations, and with the Federalists working quickly to swear in a new President the war will continue unabated."
 united_states_events.185.d.wca: "$united_states_events.185.d.start$\n\nThough such feelings have been muted in Red territory, some within the breakaway pro-Workers' Congress Farmer-Labor Party have expressed regret that Borah was unable to bring about a compromise that might have prevented the war. Provisional President Reed however has been more dismissive, declaring that Borah was a \"petty-bourgeois progressive\" only interested in accomodating workers to a system to which their interests are diametrically opposed. The American worker has no choice but to fight for their rights and now that the Federalists have replaced Borah with an establishment lackey the true face of the Republican-Democratic duopoly is revealed.\n\nThe Provisional $united_states_events.185.d.end$"
 united_states_events.185.d.apg: "$united_states_events.185.d.start$\n\nIn particular, President Long, indicating his respect for a man who he once considered a progressive friend in the Senate, gave out a statement of respect, noting his regret that they had found themselves on opposite sides of the war. In a speech, Long noted that although Olson ran on a platform of compromise, ultimately the time for negotiation has passed. The American people have no choice but to fight for their nation and now that the Federalists have replaced Borah with an establishment lackey the true face of the Republican-Democratic duopoly is revealed.\n\nThe Populist $united_states_events.185.d.end$"
 united_states_events.185.a: "History will not be kind to him."

 united_states_events.186.t: "William Borah Passes Away"
 united_states_events.186.d.president.war: "Tragic news has come out from the embattled Federal government as the civil war claims another casualty. President William Borah, the so-called \"Lion of Idaho\", died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. The chaos of war and the breakdown of communications meant that in some areas, news was slow to trickle in, but over the last few weeks many - including some still fighting against the Federal government - have expressed condolences for the President's passing. Some blame the stresses of war on making the President ill, and Federal propagandists have been quick to present him as a martyr for the Union cause.\n\nBorah's opponents have been relatively tight-lipped about his passing and in any case his death will not change their efforts to challenge the legitimacy of the 1936 election. As Vice President Quentin Roosevelt is sworn in under the shadow of war, he has made it clear that he intends to live up to Borah's legacy and carry the torch of the Republican ticket."
 united_states_events.186.d.president.peace: "Today, unfortunate information was received from the Washington home of President William Borah. The so-called \"Lion of Idaho\", died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. Borah, the last of the old Republican progressives, steered the nation through the civil war against leftist agitators and reactionary despots, and saved the union like the great Lincoln before him.\n\nHundreds of thousands came to watch his casket at the state capital, and later was driven to Washington D.C before being laid to rest at a quiet Boise funeral home. As Vice President Quentin Roosevelt is sworn in in the midst of reconstruction, he has made it clear that he intends to live up to Borah's legacy and carry the torch of the Republican ticket."
 united_states_events.186.d.couped: "Whispers and rumours around Washington were finally confirmed today as the White House spokesperson announced that William Borah died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. The charismatic leader of the Republican Party found his administration in a quagmire after his failure to successfully resolve the 1937 general strike, and as a result General Douglas MacArthur placed him under house arrest before announcing himself as acting President under dubious circumstances. The legal status of President Borah remains in question, as is the legitimacy of MacArthur's coup, and likely will continue to be debated by Constitutional scholars.\n\nFor the embattled Federal government however, his death was an uncomfortable reminder of the sordid events leading up to the coup and Federal propagandists have been quick to attempt to go onto the next set of news. Opponents of the federal government have also been quick to lash out against MacArthur despite efforts to silence them in Federal strongholds. Some accuse MacArthur of having the former president murdered, rumours have circulated that the once hopeful American reformer had died from the stress of imprisonment and/or denial of proper medical attention by his guards. But for most, the turmoil following MacArthur's coup continues on, as the idealism of Borah's old-school progressive Republicanism may well have died with him..."
 united_states_events.186.d.nominee.coup: "Today, unfortunate information was received from the Washington home of Senator and former Republican nominee William Borah. The Borah household revealed that he had died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. Borah was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in 1936, but was ultimately defeated in a contested vote in the House of Representatives. Upon the outbreak of civil war, many moderates looked to him for leadership and the then-president was said to have invited him to serve in his government. However, Borah instead returned to the Senate, later joining the Constitutionalist government in opposing MacArthur's regime.\n\nUltimately, old age eventually caught up to the old \"Lion of Idaho\", and now many mourn the loss of a Republican leader who could've united the nation behind non-radical progressivism. Now, with the country in tatters, many wonder if the dreams of Borah's old-school progressive Republicanism will die with him."
 united_states_events.186.d.nominee.nocoup: "Today, unfortunate information was received from the Washington home of Senator and former Republican nominee William Borah. The Borah household revealed that he had died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. Borah was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in 1936, but was ultimately defeated in a contested vote in the House of Representatives. Upon the outbreak of civil war, many moderates looked to him for leadership and the then-president was said to have invited him to serve in his government. However, Borah instead returned to the Senate, later joining the Federal government in opposing the radicals in both the north and south.\n\nUltimately, old age eventually caught up to the old \"Lion of Idaho\", and now many mourn the loss of a Republican leader who could've united the nation behind non-radical progressivism. Now, with the country in tatters, many wonder if the dreams of Borah's old-school progressive Republicanism will die with him."
 united_states_events.186.d.senator: "Today, unfortunate information was received from the Washington home of Senator William Borah. The Borah household revealed that he had died in his sleep of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 74. Borah was a prominent Republican candidate for the presidency in 1936, however he was beaten by Alf Landon for his party's nomination. Upon the outbreak of civil war, many moderates looked to him for leadership and the then-president was said to have invited him to serve in his government. However, Borah instead returned to the Senate, later joining the Federal government in opposing the radicals in both the north and south.\n\nUltimately, old age eventually caught up to the old \"Lion of Idaho\", and now many mourn the loss of a Republican leader who could've united the nation behind non-radical progressivism. Now, with the country in tatters, many wonder if the dreams of Borah's old-school progressive Republicanism will die with him."
 united_states_events.186.a: "His soul goes marching on..."

 united_states_events.187.t: "Al Smith Passes Away"
 united_states_events.187.d: "Today, flags on federal buildings across the nation have been lowered to half-mast to mark the passing of former President Al Smith. A controversial and much maligned figure in the years leading up to his death, Smith lived his last years in relative obscurity in New York, avoiding much public attention during the long years of the civil war.\n\nThe former president passed away at 6:45 A.M. after suffering a heart attack earlier in the morning. Since May, Smith's health has been on the decline, primarily due to the passing of the former First Lady. Diagnosed with heat exhaustion by his personal physician Dr. Raymond P. Sullivan, Smith remained away from public life as some of the nation's top physicians attempted to alleviate his conditions. As the former president's condition became increasingly critical, a call went out for Bishop Francis A. McIntyre to administer the last rites of the Roman Catholic Church.\n\nIn spite of the inspirational nature of Smith's humble rise from newsboy and fishmonger to governor and president, he is despised in many circles of American life. Held responsible by many for the civil war, many of Smith's accomplishments, such as the recovery of the economy prior to Black Monday and the passage of the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Act, have been overshadowed by his presidency's ignominious end. Nevertheless, Smith privately hoped that history (and God) would absolve him, and vindicate his actions in office as the best possible recourse against the conditions of the day. Only time will tell if that is the case."
 united_states_events.187.a: "Perhaps history will be kinder to him..."

 united_states_events.188.t: "Wendell Willkie Passes Away"
 united_states_events.188.d: "Today the nation mourns the death of its president, Wendell Willkie. For the past couple of months, the president has been declining in health, however it was hoped that he would make a swift recovery after his heart attack in August. Unfortunately, these hopes were unfounded: years of bad dieting and heavy drinking, charming to reporters in the 1940 election but ever more problematic during his presidency finally caught up to him. His heart attacks had become chronic, and after his hospitalisation on the fourth, he experienced several more before finally passing away today.\n\nShortly after the president's passing, Vice President Alben Barkley took the oath of office. Not long after, an emergency meeting among the Democrats nominated Barkley as Willkie's replacement for the 1944 election, now only a month away. President Barkley has decreed that the week of the president's funeral be declared a period of national mourning to remember and acknowledge the true patriotism and love President Willkie had for the United States."
 united_states_events.188.a: "His soul goes marching on..."

 united_states_events.189.t: "Floyd Olson Passes Away"
 united_states_events.189.d.president: "Whispers and rumours around Washington were finally confirmed today as the White House spokesperson announced that Floyd Olson has died today from a resurgent cancer. The charismatic leader of the Farmer-Labor Party found his administration in a quagmire after his failure to successfully resolve the Crisis of 1937, and not long after, he fell into a coma, further dividing the country and bringing it closer to the precipice.\n\nAfter a month as acting president, Quentin Roosevelt has now finally been formally sworn in as President of the United States. Olson's death however has generated substantial controversy surrounding the administration's legitimacy however, as rumours abound on the left that the former president was poisoned on behalf of the establishment. Roosevelt's subsequent retreat from Olson's radical platform has been presented as evidence that this is the case, and few expect that his death will do anything to alleviate the growing national crisis. Nevertheless, a state funeral in Washington has been planned, as Olson will be afforded the full honours granted to a passed president."
 united_states_events.189.d.nominee: "Today, unfortunate information was received from the Minnesota home of former Senator and Farmer-Labor champion Floyd Olson. The Olson household revealed that he had died from stomach cancer that had recurred. Olson had spent the last summer campaigning for President of the United States under the Farmer-Labor Party Banner but was ultimately defeated in a contested vote in the House of Representatives. Despite his association with the radical third party, many moderates looked to him for leadership and President [Root.GetLeader] was said to have invited him to serve in his government. However, the increasingly ill Presidential Candidate instead withdrew to his home state where he died after falling into a coma last month.\n\nAlthough his cancer had initially gone into remission, it appears that it has reemerged much to the shock of Olson and his loved ones. Before he died, the Senator released a statement apologising for not being there for his state and country during such turbulent times. President [Root.GetLeader] has expressed condolences for Olson's family and many mourn the loss of a potential democratic leader who could've united the country. As country falls further into chaos, many wonder if the dreams of Olson's Coalition party will die with him."
 united_states_events.189.d.not_president: "Today, unfortunate information was received from the Minnesota home of former Senator and Farmer-Labor champion Floyd Olson. The Olson household revealed that he had died from stomach cancer that had recurred, after falling into a coma last month. Olson had spent the last summer campaigning for the Presidency, however he failed to attain the Farmer-Labor nomination a second time. Despite his association with the radical third party, many moderates looked to him for leadership and he was said to be on more than one prospective cabinet list.\n\nAlthough his cancer had initially gone into remission, it appears that it has reemerged much to the shock of Olson and his loved ones. Before he died, the Senator released a statement apologising for not being there for his state and country during such turbulent times. President [Root.GetLeader] has expressed condolences for Olson's family, but it is clear that no one of his stature is expected to emerge anytime soon."
 united_states_events.189.a: "His soul goes marching on..."

### Elections ###
 united_states_events.201.t: "MacArthur vs Byrd"
 united_states_events.201.d: "With the conclusion of the Second American Civil War and reconstruction underway, the term of the interim President [USA.GetLeader] has come to an end. A sense of normalcy is beginning to be felt across the nation as the democratic process returns to the United States.\n\nPerhaps one of the most popular candidates, Douglas MacArthur, hero of the Second American Civil War, will represent the Republican Party. Hailed as the Cincinnatus of America's darkest hours, MacArthur's military coup may have raised concerns regarding his commitment to American democracy, but citizens were relieved when MacArthur stepped down after his victory. The former commander in chief of the federal army is indeed a favoured candidate, with many seeing MacArthur as the fist needed to rebuild and restore America's presence around the world. Celebrities and even some Democrat politicians have voiced their support for the War President. Election observers and advisors have mostly come to the conclusion that MacArthur's victory will be that of a landslide and the former helm of the nation will lead it once more.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party will be Harry Byrd, newspaper publisher, and head of the Democratic Party in Virginia. During his time as Virginia state governor, he pushed through constitutional amendments that streamlined state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. Popular among southern conservatives, Byrd is a vehement anti-desegregationist and has vowed to keep southern institutions segregated.\n\nWith the full resumption of elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.201.a: "MacArthur wins an overwhelming victory!"
 united_states_events.201.b: "And the victor is... Byrd?"

 united_states_events.202.t.default: "Hoover vs Roosevelt"
 united_states_events.202.t.huey: "Roosevelt vs Long"
 united_states_events.202.d.restored: "Following his betrayal by General MacArthur, Vice President Quentin Roosevelt rallied a constitutionalist administration to oppose the governments of the three tyrants. Upon the end of the emergency and the success of negotiations between the Eastern Federalists and the Western Constitutionalists, MacArthur was arrested. A follow up victory before the Supreme Court saw Roosevelt triumphantly claim his rightful place in the White House for the duration of the 1937-1941 term. With those four years quickly coming to a close, the upcoming election will pit the Conservative Democrat Herbert Hoover against Republican Quentin Roosevelt.\n\nThe incumbent Republicans have rallied around President Roosevelt, who has mounted a spirited campaign bolstered by his reputation as Democracy's saviour in the civil war. The President has announced his desire to bring significant reforms to the country through his \"Fair Deal\" policies. Pledging to keep the same liberal reforms as his predecessor, Roosevelt's Fair Deal aims to restore confidence in the economy and the federal government despite the recent civil war. The son of the former American president Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt, \"Bullmoose Jr.\" hopes to lead the Republicans in the first election since the tragic months of 1937.\n\nHoover meanwhile has leaned on his reputation as a humanitarian, engineer, and administrator, promising a swift physical reconstruction, and campaigning on a platform of volunteerism as the basis for private-public partnerships. As the only member of the Smith Administration to survive with his reputation largely intact, Hoover is proving a formidable opponent to the incumbent President.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections once more in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.202.d.default: "Following the untimely death of the beloved President William Borah, his Vice President Quentin Roosevelt, according to the constitution, finished his term. With the fulfilment of Borah's term, the upcoming election will pit the Conservative Democrat Herbert Hoover against Republican Quentin Roosevelt.\n\nThe incumbent Republicans have rallied around President Roosevelt, who has mounted a spirited campaign bolstered by his party's reputation as Democracy's saviour in the civil war. The President has announced his desire to bring significant reforms to the country through his \"Fair Deal\" policies. Pledging to keep the same liberal reforms as his predecessor, Roosevelt's Fair Deal aims to restore confidence in the economy and the federal government despite the recent civil war. The son of the former American president Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt, \"Bullmoose Jr.\" hopes to lead the Republicans in the first election since the tragic months of 1937.\n\nHoover meanwhile has leaned on his reputation as a humanitarian, engineer, and administrator, promising a swift physical reconstruction, and campaigning on a platform of volunteerism as the basis for private-public partnerships. As the only member of the Smith Administration to survive with his reputation largely intact, Hoover is proving a formidable opponent to the incumbent President.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections once more in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.202.d.huey: "Following the untimely death of the beloved President William Borah, his Vice President Quentin Roosevelt, according to the constitution, finished his term. With the fulfilment of Borah's term, the upcoming election will pit the firebrand populist Huey Long, now returned to the Democratic fold, against Republican Quentin Roosevelt.\n\nThe incumbent Republicans have rallied around President Roosevelt, who has mounted a spirited campaign bolstered by his party's reputation as Democracy's saviour in the civil war. The President has announced his desire to bring significant reforms to the country through his \"Fair Deal\" policies. Pledging to keep the same liberal reforms as his predecessor, Roosevelt's Fair Deal aims to restore confidence in the economy and the federal government despite the recent civil war. The son of the former American president Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt, \"Bullmoose Jr.\" hopes to lead the Republicans in the first election since the tragic months of 1937.\n\nLong meanwhile seeks to take advantage of continued discontent with the economy by once again putting forward his \"Share Our Wealth\" platform. Promising that significant redistribution of wealth will prevent a return to the dark days of the depression, Long is a formidable opponent to the incumbent, and many regard him as a hero for recognising the syndicalist threat early on and securing the south for the federal camp.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections once more in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.202.a: "Roosevelt wins!"
 united_states_events.202.b: "Hoover wins!"
 united_states_events.202.c: "Long wins!"

 united_states_events.203.t.landon_vs_willkie: "Willkie vs Landon"
 united_states_events.203.t.landon_vs_barkley: "Barkley vs Landon"
 united_states_events.203.d.landon_vs_willkie: "For the second time in its history, the unity of the United States was tested once more. Against the Workers' Congress of Chicago and the People's Government of Baton Rouge, President Alf Landon commanded the American nation in its desperate bid for survival. Despite the reactionary and radical elements that sought to undermine American freedom, in the true spirit of democracy - the Republican President Landon has announced that the 1940 elections will proceed as usual. Seeking a second term, most observers have predicted that Landon will secure the White House for another four years. The wartime presidency has shown remarkable resilience and determination in the face of such a national crisis. At a time when Americans held such little faith in their government, it was Landon's voice on the radio that encouraged loyalists to remain loyal to the federal government.\n\nRunning against him will be Wendell Willkie of the Democratic Party. While few think that the Democratic Party will be able to contest the popularity of the Republican leadership, it is never too late for a comeback. The lawyer and former executive has vowed to carry on President Landon's policies regarding government social security and has promised a program of full employment based on cooperation between the private and public sectors. Willkie's platform also advocates for America's growing role in the world and, surprisingly for a Democrat, support for the civil rights movement, vowing that he will see the integration of the American Armed Forces.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.203.d.landon_vs_barkley: "For the second time in its history, the unity of the United States was tested once more. Against the [WCA.GetNameDef] of Chicago and [APG.GetNameDef] of New Orleans, President Alf Landon commanded the American nation in its desperate bid for survival. Despite the reactionary and radical elements that sought to undermine American freedom, in the true spirit of democracy - the Republican President Landon has announced that the 1940 elections will proceed as usual. Seeking a second term, most observers have predicted that Landon will secure the White House for another four years. The wartime presidency has shown remarkable resilience and determination in the face of such a national crisis. At a time when Americans held such little faith in their government, it was Landon's voice on the radio that encouraged loyalists to remain loyal to the federal government.\n\nRunning against him will be Alben Barkley of the Democratic Party. While few think that the Democratic Party will be able to contest the popularity of the Republican leadership, it is never too late for a comeback. In his early political career, Barkley stunned the locals in his native McCracken County with his eloquence and likeability in his bid for county attorney. From there, Barkley has worked his way up to Kentucky political clout, securing the positions of state representative, governor, and later a senator. In the same way, he ran for governor, Barkley has earned the nickname \"Iron Man\" from the press due to his seemingly endless source of energy, as he has been seen offering nearly sixteen speeches a day on the campaign trail.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.203.a: "Landon wins."
 united_states_events.203.b: "Willkie wins."
 united_states_events.203.c: "Barkley wins."

 united_states_events.2030.t: "Vandenberg vs Hoover"
 united_states_events.2030.d: "In an unprecedented move that shocked foreign and domestic observers, MacArthur's military coup of the duly elected President in early 1937 threw the nation into the civil war. While many saw the strength in MacArthur's military clique in the months and days leading up to the civil war, few anticipated the general would place himself as acting President, thus undoing everything the founding fathers stood for.\n\nWith the arrest of the dictatorial MacArthur, democracy has finally been restored. The incumbent Republican from Michigan has promised a return to sensible conservative government. A pragmatic conservative and isolationist, he has announced a reconstruction platform based on private initiative with modest government support, as well as non-interference in global affairs. Running against him will be Conservative Democrat Herbert Hoover. Hoover has leaned on his reputation as a humanitarian, engineer, and administrator, promising a swift physical reconstruction, and campaigning on a platform of volunteerism as the basis for private-public partnerships. As the only member of the Smith Administration to survive with his reputation largely intact, Hoover is proving a formidable opponent to the incumbent President.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections once more in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.2030.a: "Vandenberg wins."
 united_states_events.2030.b: "Hoover wins."

 united_states_events.204.t: "Garner vs Roosevelt"
 united_states_events.204.d: "In an unprecedented move that shocked foreign and domestic observers, MacArthur's military coup of the duly elected President in early 1937 threw the nation into the civil war. While many saw the strength in MacArthur's military clique in the months and days leading up to the civil war, few anticipated the general would place himself as acting President, thus undoing everything the founding fathers stood for.\n\nWith the defeat of the dictatorial MacArthur, democracy has finally been restored. The Democratic President from Texas announced a return to freedom and liberty, bringing relief to war-weary nations. Furthermore, in honouring America's democratic tradition, Garner announced his official bid to run for President again in the election of 1940. Running against him will be former Vice President Quentin Roosevelt of the Republican Party. Though he was not restored to the presidency after the cessation of hostilities with his constitutionalist government, Roosevelt has seen himself and his cause be vindicated by MacArthur's arrest. Roosevelt has announced his desire to bring significant reforms to the country through his \"Fair Deal\" policies, aiming to restore confidence in the economy and the federal government despite the recent civil war. The son of the former American president Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt, \"Bullmoose Jr.\" hopes to leverage the memory of a more hopeful period in American history to lead the \"Grand Old Party\" to victory.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections once more in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.204.d.fallback: "Generic election (exists to avoid bugs)"
 united_states_events.204.a: "Roosevelt wins."
 united_states_events.204.b: "Garner wins."

 united_states_events.206.t: "Hoover vs Taft"
 united_states_events.206.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Herbert Hoover has announced his bid for presidency in the 1944 elections.\n\nAscending to the presidency after the civil war, Hoover has shown that he is more than competent to handle the position of commander-in-chief. Hoover intends to seek the Democratic domination for the White House for an additional four more years. Pledging to expand his successful reconstruction policies to now include the gradual reconstruction of the American continent, Hoover has marched into this election confident in his chances of continuing his broadly popular moderate policies.\n\nRunning against him and hoping to topple the Democratic dominance is Republican Robert Taft. Taft is the son of a former American president, former President William Howard Taft. As the leader of the American conservative coalition, the former lawyer and Senator received the Republican Party's nomination for the election of 1944. He has consistently spoken out against American intervention in the world's conflicts, arguing that America's priority and place is its recovery at home. A tireless worker with a variety of public and political interests, Taft and the Republicans have worked relentlessly to secure the votes needed to bring down the dominance of progressive Democrats.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.206.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.206.b: "Hoover wins."

 united_states_events.2060.t: "Garner vs Taft"
 united_states_events.2060.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Herbert Hoover has announced his bid for presidency in the 1944 elections.\n\nAscending to the presidency after the civil war, Garner has shown that he is more than competent to handle the position of commander-in-chief. Garner intends to seek the Democratic domination for the White House for an additional four more years. Pledging to expand his successful reconstruction policies to now include the gradual reconstruction of the American continent, Garner has marched into this election confident in his chances of continuing his broadly popular moderate policies.\n\nRunning against him and hoping to topple the Democratic dominance is Republican Robert Taft. Taft is the son of a former American president, former President William Howard Taft. As the leader of the American conservative coalition, the former lawyer and Senator received the Republican Party's nomination for the election of 1944. He has consistently spoken out against American intervention in the world's conflicts, arguing that America's priority and place is its recovery at home. A tireless worker with a variety of public and political interests, Taft and the Republicans have worked relentlessly to secure the votes needed to bring down the dominance of progressive Democrats.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.2060.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.2060.b: "Hoover wins."

 united_states_events.2061.t: "Long vs Taft"
 united_states_events.2061.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Huey Long has announced his bid for presidency in the 1944 elections.\n\nAscending to the presidency after the civil war, Long has been a very controversial commander-in-chief. Long intends to seek the Democratic domination for the White House for an additional four more years. After four years of fighting with Congress over his \"Share Our Wealth\" program, Long now seeks a second mandate to finish what he could not complete in his first term.\n\nRunning against him and hoping to topple the Democratic dominance is Republican Robert Taft. Taft is the son of a former American president, former President William Howard Taft. As the leader of the American conservative coalition, the former lawyer and Senator has been an ardent opponent of Long on Capitol Hill, denouncing the president for reckless spending and overt authoritarianism. As such, he has received the Republican Party's nomination for the election of 1944. He has consistently spoken out against American intervention in the world's conflicts, arguing that America's priority and place is its recovery at home. A tireless worker with a variety of public and political interests, Taft and the Republicans have worked relentlessly to secure the votes needed to bring down the dominance of the Democrats.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.2061.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.2061.b: "Long wins."

 united_states_events.207.t: "Barkley vs Taft"
 united_states_events.207.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. With the year 1944 nearing now, the nation looks earnestly to see who will take leadership of the Oval Office once more.\n\nHoping to maintain the Democrat domination for four more years, incumbent Democrat Alben W. Barkley is a lawyer and politician from Kentucky. In his early political career, Barkley stunned the locals in his native McCracken County with his eloquence and likeability in his bid for county attorney. From there, Barkley has worked his way up to Kentucky political clout, securing the positions of state representative, governor, and later a senator. In the same way, he ran for governor, Barkley has earned the nickname \"Iron Man\" from the press due to his seemingly endless source of energy, as he has been seen offering nearly sixteen speeches a day on the campaign trail.\n\nThe Republican opposition is none other than Robert Taft, the son of former American president William H. Taft. As the American conservative coalition leader, the former lawyer and Senator received the Republican Party's nomination for the election of 1944. He has consistently spoken out against American intervention in the world's conflicts, arguing that America's priority and place in the post-civil war era - is its recovery at home. A tireless worker with various public and political interests, Taft and the Republicans have worked relentlessly to secure the votes needed to bring down the Democrat domination.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.207.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.207.b: "Barkley wins."

 united_states_events.208.t: "Lucas vs Roosevelt"
 united_states_events.208.d.landon: "After two consecutive and successful terms as president of the United States, Alf Landon announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing health and the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Landon intends to end his presidential career after eight years to restore faith in the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war.\n\nHoping to keep Republican dominance of the White House is none other than Vice President Quentin Roosevelt of New York. Roosevelt has announced his desire to continue his predecessor's liberal reforms through his \"Fair Deal\" policies. The son of the former American president Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt, \"Bullmoose Jr.\" hopes to leverage the memory of his father to lead the \"Grand Old Party\" to victory.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic opposition is the senator from Illinois, Scott W. Lucas, who hopes to end the Republican dominance in the White House. The humble lawyer and current senator was an ally of President Smith in the house before the war. Now, with the liberals in the Democratic Party having lost much of their support base to the Socialists before the war, Lucas hopes to resurrect their fortunes and return his party to power.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.208.d.roosevelt: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Roosevelt has announced his bid for the presidency in the 1944 elections.\n\nHoping to continue Republican dominance of the White House for the next four years, President Roosevelt intends to keep his campaign promises of economic reform and prosperity. Pledging to expand the successful Fair Deal policies to now include the gradual reconstruction of the American continent, Roosevelt has marched into this election with brimming confidence. His choice to run for an additional term has been controversial, given the two-term tradition upheld since George Washington, however Rooszevelt is still relatively young, and hopes his status as a national hero will bring him to victory one again.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic opposition is the senator from Illinois, Scott W. Lucas, who hopes to end the Republican dominance in the White House. The humble lawyer and current senator was an ally of President Smith in the house before the war. Now, with the liberals in the Democratic Party having lost much of their support base to the Socialists before the war, Lucas hopes to resurrect their fortunes and return his party to power.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.208.a: "Roosevelt wins."
 united_states_events.208.b: "Lucas wins."

 united_states_events.2080.t: "Lucas vs Vandenberg"
 united_states_events.2080.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Vandenberg has announced his bid for the presidency in the 1944 elections.\n\nHoping to continue Republican dominance of the White House for the next four years, President Vandenberg intends to keep his campaign promises of economic conservatism and prosperity. Pledging to expand his successful policies to now include the gradual reconstruction of the American continent, Vandenberg has marched into this election confident of victory.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic opposition is the senator from Illinois, Scott W. Lucas, who hopes to end the Republican dominance in the White House. The humble lawyer and current senator was an ally of President Smith in the house before the war. Now, with the liberals in the Democratic Party having lost much of their support base to the Socialists before the war, Lucas hopes to resurrect their fortunes and return his party to power.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.2080.a: "Vandenberg wins."
 united_states_events.2080.b: "Lucas wins."

 united_states_events.209.t: "MacArthur vs Russell Jr"
 united_states_events.209.d: "Four years have passed since [USA.GetNameDef] last elected a president - which means that Douglas MacArthur's term is almost up, and that the time has come again to convene an assembly to determine who will sit as the nation's leader. The American nation has begun the process of national recovery with the memories of war and chaos still fresh in the minds of all its citizens. In accordance with the democratic tradition, President MacArthur has announced his desire to run for a second term in the upcoming election of 1944.\n\nPresident MacArthur's term has been spent mostly trying to escape his actions of 1936 as his administration found itself constantly opposed by the Democrats. The memories of MacArthur's military clique still linger in the halls of Congress, with the Democrat opposition, in particular, denouncing MacArthur as an authoritarian demagogue. The establishment Republicans have lost ground in several states for their concessions to Hearst's clique of wealthy business owners - perhaps a sign that MacArthur may not be able to clinch a second term. Nonetheless despite these setbacks, MacArthur has spoken confidently on the campaign trail - hoping to continue to capitalise on his wartime popularity as perhaps America's most influential general since Ulysses S. Grant.\n\nThe Democratic opposition has nominated Georgian Congressman Richard Russell Jr., who hopes to rally his conservative white voting base in the upcoming election. An avowed segregationist and perhaps one of the loudest voices against racial integration, Russell has promised that should he secure the presidency - he will ensure that states continue to keep their rights and traditions of segregation. Russell's outspoken white supremacist views have certainly placed him at odds with those seeking greater racial equality in the United States. Furthermore, Russell has also stressed that his Reconstruction will see the continued harsh, uncompromising position towards former SPA members and the American syndicalists.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.209.a: "MacArthur wins."
 united_states_events.209.b: "Russell Jr wins."

 united_states_events.210.t: "Taft vs Byrd"
 united_states_events.210.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the country, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the increasing numbers of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. With the war still in recent bitter memory, the most pressing issue concerns national unity. Slowly but surely, the American country is recovering. In accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Harry Byrd has announced his bid for the presidency in the 1944 elections.\n\nHoping to keep Democrat dominance yet again for the next four years is none other than President Harry Byrd from West Virginia. Byrd, having clinched an unlikely victory following his run against the Republican favourite of Douglas MacArthur- will seek to continue his stay in the Oval Office. Perhaps one of the most vocal proponents in maintaining racial segregation, during his administration - Byrd vetoed plenty of liberal legislation advocating for desegregation. While Byrd's conservative policies have certainly been met with great support among segregationist elements of the South, his continued support for Jim Crow has undoubtedly stirred up a considerable liberal opposition, determined to take him down.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is none other than Robert A. Taft. As the American conservative coalition leader, the former lawyer and Senator received the Republican Party's nomination for the election of 1944. He has consistently spoken out against American intervention in the world's conflicts, arguing that America's priority and place in the post-civil war era - is its recovery at home. A tireless worker with various public and political interests, Taft and the Republicans have worked relentlessly to secure the votes needed to bring down the Democrat domination.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States; the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.210.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.210.b: "Byrd wins."

 united_states_events.211.t: "Taft vs Russell Jr"
 united_states_events.211.d: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the nation, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the next generation of American leaders have made their bid for the highest office.\n\nHoping to carry on the Democratic torch is none other than Richard Russell Jr. of Georgia. Russell hopes to carry on much of Garner's policies. Perhaps one of the most vocal proponents in maintaining racial segregation, Russell voted against liberal legislation advocating for desegregation. Russell has also maintained his support for the interventionist economic policies associated with Garner.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is none other than Robert A. Taft. As the American conservative coalition leader, the former lawyer and Senator received the Republican Party's nomination for the election of 1944. He has consistently spoken out against American intervention in the world's conflicts, arguing that America's priority and place in the post-civil war era - is its recovery at home. A tireless worker with various public and political interests, Taft and the Republicans have worked relentlessly to secure the votes needed to bring down the Democrat domination.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.211.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.211.b: "Russell Jr wins."

 united_states_events.213.t: "Lucas vs Halleck"
 united_states_events.213.d.byrd: "After two consecutive and successful terms as president of the United States, Harry Byrd announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing health and the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Byrd intends to end his presidential career after two years to restore faith in the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war.\n\nHoping to return the White House to the Republicans is none other than Charles Halleck of Indiana. Halleck's popularity snowballed during the civil war as an outside opponent to federal government management of individual welfare, a staunch opponent of the eastern establishment. Halleck has accused Byrd of abandoning the American credo by empowering a bureaucracy to manage independent states which sided with the Federalists.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic opposition is the senator from Illinois, Scott W. Lucas, who hopes to continue the Democratic dominance in the White House. The humble lawyer and current senator was an ally of President Smith in the house before the war. Now, with the liberals in the Democratic Party having lost much of their support base to the Socialists before the war, Lucas hopes to revive their fortunes and keep his party in power.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.213.d.lucas: "Horrifically mauled in the bloodletting of the Second American Civil War, the American nation lies stunned in the appalling aftermath of total war. Across the country, signs of recovery are beginning to show in the form of soup kitchens, relief centres, and clinics. Slowly but surely, the American nation is recovering, and in accordance with the American democratic tradition, the incumbent President Scott W. Lucas pushes for a second term.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party, Scott W. Lucas hopes to keep the White House in Democratic hands for the next four years. The Lucas administration saw the gradual integration of the American armed forces and several important agricultural reforms. However, Lucas has been stuck between a rock and a hard place within his own party: Democrats both to his right and his left have criticised his administration, which seemingly has failed to please either side. Nonetheless, Lucas passed his Commission on Civil Rights - marking a substantial breakthrough in American racial relations in the post-war era.\n\nHoping to return the White House to the Republicans is none other than Charles Halleck of Indiana. Halleck's popularity snowballed during the civil war as an outside opponent to federal government management of individual welfare, a staunch opponent of the eastern establishment. Halleck has, in particular, criticised Lucas for his handling of strikes during his presidency. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney has pledged his support to the Civil Rights movement and has promised to ensure the normalisation of racial relations in the United States.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States; the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.213.a: "Halleck wins."
 united_states_events.213.b: "Lucas wins."

 united_states_events.214.t: "Taft vs Chandler"
 united_states_events.214.d: "After a successful term, President Robert Taft announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1948. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America eagerly anticipates for her next commander-in-chief, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nHoping to keep Republican dominance of the White House for the next four years is current President Robert A. Taft. As the American conservative coalition leader, the Republican president from Ohio hopes to keep the policy programs of his Reconstruction alive in the next four years. However, after the civil war, his regulation of unions and the workplace has undoubtedly earned him criticism from lingering dissident elements across the country. Pledging to finish the Reconstruction and prioritise America first instead of the international world, Taft hopes to continue upholding his image as a tireless worker for the American people.\n\nThe Democrat opposition to the Republicans is the former governor and senator of Kentucky, Happy Chandler. Sympathetic to the plight of the labour movement, Chandler has sided with the unionisation and organisation of miners in the past, making him a popular candidate amongst those in the Steel Belt. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.214.a: "Taft wins."
 united_states_events.214.b: "Chandler wins."

 united_states_events.215.t: "Roosevelt vs Chandler"
 united_states_events.215.d: "After a successful term, President Quentin Roosevelt announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1948. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America eagerly anticipates for her next commander-in-chief, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs. Announcing that this will be his final term in office, President Roosevelt hopes that his record both during and after the Civil War, as both Vice President and President, will see him through the election, as he hopes to build on his \"Fair Deal\" to make it a truly generational project.\n\nThe Democrat opposition to the Republicans is the former governor and senator of Kentucky, Happy Chandler. A sympathetically to the plight of the labour movement, Chandler has sided with the unionisation and organisation of miners in the past, making him a popular candidate amongst those in the Steel Belt. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.215.a: "Roosevelt wins."
 united_states_events.215.b: "Chandler wins."

 united_states_events.216.t: "Halleck vs Russell Jr"
 united_states_events.216.d: "After a successful term, President Richard Russell Jr. announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1948. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party and hoping to keep four more years of Democratic dominance in the White House, Russell Jr. hopes to rally his conservative white southern voting base once more in the upcoming election. An avowed segregationist and perhaps one of the loudest voices in the South against racial integration - Russell Jr's previous administration saw the blocking and veto of racial integration laws. Furthermore, Russell has also stressed that his Reconstruction will see the continued harsh, uncompromising position towards former members of the SPA and the American syndicalists.\n\nSeeking to end the Democratic hold on the White House is Republican Charles A. Halleck from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has travelled across the country to rally minorities in defiance of President Russell's anti-integration stance. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.216.a: "Halleck wins."
 united_states_events.216.b: "Russell Jr wins."

 united_states_events.2160.t: "Halleck vs Long"
 united_states_events.2160.d: "After a successful term, President Huey Long announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1948. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party and hoping to keep four more years of Democratic dominance in the White House, has announced a controversial bid for a third term. Amidst denunciations from Republicans and even some Democrats over breaking convention, Long has declared that he needs yet another term to bring his Share Our Wealth plan to fruition.\n\nHoping to return the White House to the Republicans is none other than Charles Halleck of Indiana. Halleck's popularity snowballed during the civil war as an outside opponent to federal government management of individual welfare, a staunch opponent of the eastern establishment. Halleck has, in particular, criticised Long for the open graft present in his Administration. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney has pledged his support to the Civil Rights movement and has promised to ensure the normalisation of racial relations in the United States.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.2160.a: "Halleck wins."
 united_states_events.2160.b: "Long wins."

 united_states_events.217.t: "Halleck vs Chandler"
 united_states_events.217.d.hoover: "After two consecutive and successful terms as president of the United States, President Herbert Hoover announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Hoover intends to end his presidential career after eight years to restore faith in the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nSeeking to continue the Democratic hold on the White House is the former governor and senator from Kentucky, Happy Chandler. A moderate Democrat straddling the line between party factions, he has succeeded in unifying the Democratic cohort behind him. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is led by Charles A. Halleck, formerly the Republican leader of the House of Representatives from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationist Harry F. Byrd. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation..\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country.\n\nAfter a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.d.barkley: "After two consecutive and successful terms as president of the United States, President Alben Barkley announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing age and the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Barkley intends to end his presidential career after eight years to restore faith in the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nSeeking to continue the Democratic hold on the White House is none other than Barkley's fellow Kentuckian, Happy Chandler. A moderate Democrat straddling the line between party factions, he has succeeded in unifying the Democratic cohort behind him. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nLeading the Republican opposition that seeks to end the Democratic dominance is Republican Charles A. Halleck from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationist Harry F. Byrd. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.d.vandenberg: "After another successful term as president of the United States, President Arthur Vandenberg announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Vandenberg intends to end his presidential career after two re-elections to honour the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nSeeking to continue the Republican hold on the White House is Republican Charles A. Halleck from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationists. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party and hoping to end Republican dominance in the White House is Kentuckian senator and governor Happy Chandler. A moderate Democrat straddling the line between party factions, he has succeeded in unifying the Democratic cohort behind him. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.d.macarthur: "With the election of 1948, many in the United States are anxious as to whether or not President Douglas MacArthur will seek a third term. The beloved wartime general who had overseen the country in its darkest days and its current period of Reconstruction shocked his dissenters with his proclamation that he would not seek a third term. In the halls of Congress, MacArthur announced his official retirement from the military and politics - citing age and health and his desire to return home after years of service. Citizens from Washington, D.C. to San Francisco restlessly follow the presidential campaigns between the Republican and Democrat parties.\n\nSeeking to continue the Republican hold on the White House is Republican Charles A. Halleck from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationist Harry F. Byrd. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party and hoping to end Republican dominance in the White House is Kentuckian senator and governor. Happy Chandler. A moderate Democrat straddling the line between party factions, he has succeeded in unifying the Democratic cohort behind him. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.d.garner: "After another successful term as president of the United States, President John Nance Garner announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Garner intends to end his presidential career after two re-elections to honour the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nSeeking to challenge the Democratic hold on the White House is Republican Charles A. Halleck from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationists. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation.\n\nRepresenting the Democratic Party is Kentuckian senator and governor Happy Chandler. A moderate Democrat straddling the line between party factions, he has succeeded in unifying the Democratic cohort behind him. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.d.byrd: "After two consecutive and successful terms as president of the United States, President Harry F. Byrd announced his retirement in the upcoming electoral race. Citing the precedent set by the first American president George Washington, Byrd intends to end his presidential career after eight years to restore faith in the American democratic system after the gruelling and destructive civil war. The signs of war devastation are becoming increasingly uncommon as government and civilian institutions are being re-established in the wake of the great conflict. And so, as America anticipates eagerly for her next leader, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve the completion of Reconstruction and America's role in the world's affairs.\n\nSeeking to continue the Democratic hold on the White House is the former governor and senator from Kentucky, Happy Chandler. A moderate Democrat straddling the line between party factions, he has succeeded in unifying the Democratic cohort behind him. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with President Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is led by Charles A. Halleck, formerly the Republican leader of the House of Representatives from Indiana. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationist Harry F. Byrd. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation..\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country.\n\nAfter a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.d.fallback: "The election of 1948 has come at last! Across the country, a mood of normalcy is beginning to settle as the nation initiates its final stages of reconstruction.\n\nLeading the Democratic Party is Happy Chandler, the senator from Kentucky. A sympathetic ally to the plight of the labour movement, Chandler has sided with the unionisation and organisation of miners in the past, making him a popular candidate amongst those in the Steel Belt. Nonetheless, he is not without controversy - the African-American community is troubled by Chandler's past refusal to repeal the poll taxes and end lynching. While he has promised to build new race relations and smooth integration in the post-war era, some point out his close ties with Harry Byrd, an avowed segregationist.\n\nRepresenting the Republican Party is Charles A. Halleck. The former lawyer and prosecuting attorney is a strong proponent of civil rights and has constantly pointed out his opponent Happy Chandler's ties to fierce segregationist Harry F. Byrd. Securing the support of interest groups like the NAACP, Halleck has promised his supporters that should he be elected - he will take measures to begin the process of racial integration and the eventual eradication of segregation.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country.\n\nAfter a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.217.a: "Halleck wins."
 united_states_events.217.b: "Chandler wins."

 united_states_events.219.t: "Douglas vs Halleck"
 united_states_events.219.d: "After a successful term, President Charles A. Halleck announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1952. The national reconstruction is drawing to an end as the United States' industrial and military growth in the last years has surpassed pre-war standards. The great conflict that had thrown the nation into chaos in 1937 is slowly becoming a figment of the past as years of reconstruction and rebuilding have paved the way for a near-total recovery. And so, as America eagerly anticipates for her next president, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve America's growing place in the world and the domestic issues left unresolved at the end of the civil war.\n\nSeeking to continue the Republican hold on the White House is incumbent President Charles A. Halleck. Having achieved popularity amongst voters due to his commitment to civil rights, the Republican Party has rallied behind Halleck to defeat the Democratic nominee Paul H. Douglas.\n\nDouglas, a Democratic Senator from Illinois, represents the left-wing of his party. An ex-Farmer-Laborite who spent the Civil War in Red territory, Douglas' views have been controversially received by the American public, with many Republicans and even some Democrats \"waving the bloody shirt\" and attacking him as a pseudo-socialist. Douglas' views have moderated since the 1930s however, and he now advocates for a more conventional form of left-liberalism. Additionally, his position has endeared him to reconstructed ex-socialists in the midwest, who have flocked to the most left-wing major party candidate since the end of hostilities.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.219.a: "Halleck wins."
 united_states_events.219.b: "Douglas wins."

 united_states_events.220.t: "Stassen vs Chandler"
 united_states_events.220.d: "After a successful term, President Happy Chandler announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1952. The national reconstruction is drawing to an end as the United States' industrial and military growth in the last years has surpassed pre-war standards. The great conflict that had thrown the nation into chaos in 1937 is slowly becoming a figment of the past as years of reconstruction and rebuilding have paved the way for a near-total recovery. And so, as America eagerly anticipates for her next president, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve America's growing place in the world and the domestic issues left unresolved at the end of the civil war.\n\nThe current president hopes to continue the Democratic dominance of the White House for the next four years. While Chandler saw the integration of American baseball and schools due to popular pressure, his associations with prominent segregationists such as Harry Byrd have also made him an unpopular candidate towards civil rights interest groups. He hopes to continue his administration's fiscally conservative policies and his ties to unions, especially mine workers in Kentucky. Nonetheless, his use of racially insensitive language in public has undoubtedly attracted a degree of controversy to his name - one the Republicans have been eager to capitalise on.\n\nRepresenting the Republican opposition is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.220.a: "Stassen wins."
 united_states_events.220.b: "Chandler wins."

 united_states_events.2200.t: "Stassen vs Long"
 united_states_events.2200.d: "After a successful term, President Huey Long announced his intention to run in the upcoming electoral race of 1952 for an unprecedented fourth term. The national reconstruction is drawing to an end as the United States' industrial and military growth in the last years has surpassed pre-war standards. The great conflict that had thrown the nation into chaos in 1937 is slowly becoming a figment of the past as years of reconstruction and rebuilding have paved the way for a near-total recovery. And so, as America eagerly anticipates for her next president, many speculate that the issues between the two candidates will involve America's growing place in the world and the domestic issues left unresolved at the end of the civil war.\n\nThe current president hopes to continue the Democratic dominance of the White House for the next four years. Long's time in office has seen much progress on his \"Share Our Wealth\" program, however many have criticised his administration for corruption and authoritarianism. To Long's critics, Long's authoritarianism is an insult to the men and women who died for democracy in the Civil War.\n\nRepresenting the Republican opposition is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.2200.a: "Stassen wins."
 united_states_events.2200.b: "Long wins."

 united_states_events.221.t: "Stassen vs. Sparkman"
 united_states_events.221.d: "The last four years of Richard Russell's presidency were fraught with controversy. Robert Elliot, the ex-convict who swore President Russell was behind illegal corvee labour in Georgia, has become a darling of the Republican party. The opposition to Russell has coalesced behind accusations that Russell was undoing civil rights legislation passed in the 1930s.\n\nHoping to keep Democrat dominance yet again for the next four years is none other than John Sparkman of Alabama. Sparkman's career has illustrated the tentative relationship the Democratic Party has with third parties. His first electoral victory in 1936 came due to Sparkman's severe concessions to the Longists to ensure that his seat stayed with the Democrats. A career loyal to the United States, Sparkman has supported economic liberalisation and ended his relationship with the isolationist Constitution Party.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.221.a: "Stassen wins."
 united_states_events.221.b: "Sparkman wins."

 united_states_events.222.t: "Douglas vs Stassen"
 united_states_events.222.d.taft: "The last four years of Robert Taft's presidency has seen the Republican administration gather additional supporters from formerly Democrat areas. With the decline in power of the Longists, local politicians left outside in the cold by Democratic leadership have surrounded President Taft as their new conduit of hope.\n\nPaul H. Douglas, however, hopes to upset this aspiration. Douglas, a Democratic Senator from Illinois, represents the left-wing of his party. An ex-Farmer-Laborite who spent the Civil War in Red territory, Douglas' views have been controversially received by the American public, with many Republicans and even some Democrats \"waving the bloody shirt\" and attacking him as a pseudo-socialist. Douglas' views have moderated since the 1930s however, and he now advocates for a more conventional form of left-liberalism. Additionally, his position has endeared him to reconstructed ex-socialists in the midwest, who have flocked to the most left-wing major party candidate since the end of hostilities.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.222.d.lucas: "Scott W. Lucas's term has seen a shrinkage in support among centrists. The excesses of the civil war cast a long shadow still felt by the civilian government. Even a strong efficient administration as Lucas has cannot save it from change.\n\nPaul H. Douglas, however, hopes to salvage the situation. Douglas, a Democratic Senator from Illinois, represents the left-wing of his party. An ex-Farmer-Laborite who spent the Civil War in Red territory, Douglas' views have been controversially received by the American public, with many Republicans and even some Democrats \"waving the bloody shirt\" and attacking him as a pseudo-socialist. Douglas' views have moderated since the 1930s however, and he now advocates for a more conventional form of left-liberalism. Additionally, his position has endeared him to reconstructed ex-socialists in the midwest, who have flocked to the most left-wing major party candidate since the end of hostilities.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.222.d.roosevelt: "Quentin Roosevelt's promise to not seek another term as President has been upheld. In a public address, the President announced that he would not seek re-elecion, citing the need for new blood and ideas in government, and his satisfaction that the \"Fair Deal\" represents a completed program.\n\nDemocrat Paul H. Douglas hopes to take advantage of Roosevelt's retirement. Douglas, a Democratic Senator from Illinois, represents the left-wing of his party. An ex-Farmer-Laborite who spent the Civil War in Red territory, Douglas' views have been controversially received by the American public, with many Republicans and even some Democrats \"waving the bloody shirt\" and attacking him as a pseudo-socialist. Douglas' views have moderated since the 1930s however, and he now advocates for a more conventional form of left-liberalism. Additionally, his position has endeared him to reconstructed ex-socialists in the midwest, who have flocked to the most left-wing major party candidate since the end of hostilities.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.222.d.fallback: "The inexorable push for change has driven the country further away from the wartime gloom of 1936. The issues of desegregation, reconciliation with the dissident socialists and reactionaries, and excessive government oversight into heavy industry are all issues inching the country apart once again.\n\nPaul H. Douglas, a Democratic Senator from Illinois, represents the left-wing of his party. An ex-Farmer-Laborite who spent the Civil War in Red territory, Douglas' views have been controversially received by the American public, with many Republicans and even some Democrats \"waving the bloody shirt\" and attacking him as a pseudo-socialist. Douglas' views have moderated since the 1930s however, and he now advocates for a more conventional form of left-liberalism. Additionally, his position has endeared him to reconstructed ex-socialists in the midwest, who have flocked to the most left-wing major party candidate since the end of hostilities.\n\nThe Republican opposition to the Democrats is the Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. Stassen, a veteran of the Civil War who fled from his home state to Federal territory to enlist with the Federal Government, successfully rebuild the Republican Party in Minnesota after the Civil War. As governor, he quickly became extraordinarily popular, ending Farmer-Labor's hold on Minnesota's voters. Stassen pushed through civil service, agricultural, and civil rights reforms in his term in office, and was soon considered a serious contender for the presidency in spite of his youth. Stassen has also promised to, in a break with Republican convention, actively campaign in the \"solid south\", a position which has been praised by the marginalised southern Republicans.\n\nWith the full resumption of free elections in the United States, the time has come for American voters to make their decisions at polls across the country. After a long evening of counting, the final result is..."
 united_states_events.222.a: "Stassen wins."
 united_states_events.222.b: "Douglas wins."

 united_states_events.223.t: "The [GetYear] Presidential Election"
 united_states_events.223.d: "It is this year's election in [USA.GetNameDef], and President [USA.GetLeader] is well in the lead in the national polls and almost certain to be re-elected. The reelection campaign, which played out more as a formality than a fierce political battle, lacked the usual fervor seen in previous years. Traditional elements of a contested race, debates, campaign rallies, and intense media coverage, were noticeably absent.\n\nInstead, the president's journey to a second term was a relatively quiet affair, drawing attention to the unusual circumstances surrounding the absence of competitors. As the nation adjusts to the idea of an unopposed reelection, there is a palpable sense of uncertainty about the future political landscape."
 united_states_events.223.a: "Congratulations, [USA.GetLeader]!"

### Foreign Policy ###
 united_states_events.250.t: "Join the League of American States?"
 united_states_events.250.d: "[From.GetNameDefCap] has sent an envoy with an invitation for [Root.GetNameDef] to join the so-called \"League of American States\". This is not an alliance, per se, but rather an association of countries in North and South America under American guidance and protection. They would guarantee our independence and offer us military and economic advisors, and in return we would provide them military access and preferential treatment for our exports.\n\nIt is not a bad deal, though some suggest it ties us too closely to the Americans - and, considering our neutrality would be required, also prevents us from seeking alliances elsewhere. The question is, with the Americans protecting us, do we even need them?"
 united_states_events.250.a: "Of course we shall join the League."
 united_states_events.250.b: "It is not in our interests."

 united_states_events.251.t: "[FROM.GetNameDefCap] Has Refused"
 united_states_events.251.d: "Perhaps not wishing to align themselves as closely to American interests, the [From.GetAdjective] government has declined our invitation to join the alliance."
 united_states_events.251.a: "It is their loss."

 united_states_events.252.t: "Industrial Aid from America"
 united_states_events.252.d: "Our allies in [From.GetNameDef] have come with industrial aid, using our ties from the League of American States to bring our countries closer together.\n\nThere are some in the [Root.GetAdjective] government who are saying this is a new form of American Imperialism, that the more the Americans ingratiate themselves into the ranks of our government, the more control they will exert... but there is little to be done about it, now."
 united_states_events.252.a: "We are grateful for the help."

 united_states_events.253.t: "[FROM.GetNameDefCap] Joins the League"
 united_states_events.253.d: "Pleased at our offer of protection and guidance, [From.GetNameDef] has agreed to join the League of American States."
 united_states_events.253.a: "Excellent!"

 united_states_events.255.t: "Benefits of the League"
 united_states_events.255.d: "As the number of members in the League of American States changes, so do the benefits we derive from it."
 united_states_events.255.a: "OK."

 united_states_events.256.t: "American Imperialism"
 united_states_events.256.d: "Just as some had feared, the Americans are slowly insinuating themselves into every level of the [Root.GetAdjective] government. Within a few months, they will have complete control over us.\n\nOur only option is to kick them out and renounce our membership in the League... but that will almost certainly bring the Americans down upon us."
 united_states_events.256.a: "Of course we must resist!"
 united_states_events.256.b: "There is nothing we can do."

 united_states_events.257.t: "The [From.GetAdjective] Resistance"
 united_states_events.257.d: "Perhaps foolishly, the [From.GetAdjective] government has noticed our plans for a coup, and has both renounced membership in the League of American States as well as ejected almost every American official they can find.\n\nThis, of course, gives us every excuse to take action against them... if we so desire."
 united_states_events.257.a: "What do they hope to gain?"

 united_states_events.258.t: "An American Puppet"
 united_states_events.258.d: "It has come to pass: the legitimate [Root.GetAdjective] government has been replaced by one approved of by the Americans and under their control.\n\nWe are now a colony of [From.GetNameDef]."
 united_states_events.258.a: "We welcome our new overlords."

 united_states_events.259.t.league_ends: "The End of the League of American States"
 united_states_events.259.t.country_leaves: "Leaving the League of American States"
 united_states_events.259.d.USA_dead: "Despite rebuilding itself from the horrors of the Second American Civil War, it would appear that the United States has once again fallen - only at the hands of a foreign occupier.\n\nWith the collapse of the North American colossus, it would appear that the military and economic might of the United States are not a credible enough force to hold together the League of American States. With this final defeat of the American government, the League's existence has officially ended."
 united_states_events.259.d.USA_puppet: "Despite the industrial might and power of the United States, they have been vanquished and are now the de facto puppet of a foreign nation. With the strength of the United States entirely subdued, they no longer have the power and authority to hold together the League of American States. With this final defeat of the American government, the League's existence has officially ended."
 united_states_events.259.d.USA_in_faction: "In their changing world alignment, the United States government has announced their entry into the [USA.GetFactionName].\n\nWith their ties with this faction solidified, they have declared that they will no longer be willing to lead the League of American States. With this revision in American foreign policy, the League's existence has officially ended."
 united_states_events.259.d.USA_war: "With the outbreak of war between [ROOT.GetNameDef] and the United States of America, all cordial and economic ties established by the League of American States have officially ended between the two nations.\n\nThe United States has stated that in response to the belligerent status between the countries, [ROOT.GetNameDef] has been formally removed from the League of American States."
 united_states_events.259.d.puppet: "[ROOT.GetNameDefCap] has come under the domination of a foreign power, and its independence has now been reduced to that of a puppet.\n\nWith their government's new reorganisation, they are now the responsibility of their occupiers. As they are no longer capable of partaking in their own international affairs, they will no longer be members of the League of American States."
 united_states_events.259.d.in_faction: "Citing growing world tensions and a desire to be safe, [ROOT.GetNameDef] has aligned itself with the [ROOT.GetFactionName].\n\nAs a result of their shift in foreign policy and allies, they will no longer be associated with membership in the League of American States. As of today, they have officially exited the American faction."
 united_states_events.259.d.invalid_government: "It appears that radicals have overtaken the government of [ROOT.GetNameDef], bringing their current government to one that is incompatible with forming ties with the United States.\n\nTheir new government poses a threat to the democratic integrity of the League of American States, and as such, we will not recognise the new regime that has taken place in their country. As a result of this sudden change in political alignment, they will no longer be members of the League of American States."
 united_states_events.259.a: "Very well."

 united_states_events.260.t: "[From.GetAdjective] Advisors?"
 united_states_events.260.d: "Since we are both comrades-in-arms against the same foes, [From.GetNameDef] has offered to send military advisors our way, suggesting we should work more closely in the war effort."
 united_states_events.260.a: "Of course!"
 united_states_events.260.b: "They can keep their \"advisors\"."

 united_states_events.261.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Has Refused"
 united_states_events.261.d: "Perhaps believing our advisors to be spies, or simply not trusting our motives, the [From.GetAdjective] government has refused our offer."
 united_states_events.261.a: "Their loss."

 united_states_events.262.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Has Agreed"
 united_states_events.262.d: "The [From.GetAdjective] has readily agreed to our offer, and the advisors are already en route."
 united_states_events.262.a: "Excellent."

 united_states_events.270.t: "[FROM.GetNameDefCap] Asks for New England"
 united_states_events.270.d: "With the civil war now over, [From.GetNameDef] has decided to ask for the return of New England. We had intervened in the region to protect our interests, but with [From.GetNameDef]'s victory in the civil war, they - as the claimant to American legitimacy - are asking for New England's rightful return.\n\nTheir ambassador has stressed that war is rather likely should we refuse. What shall our response be?"
 united_states_events.270.a: "This is not worth a war."
 united_states_events.270.b: "We cannot entrust New England to them."

 united_states_events.271.t: "New England Rejoins America"
 united_states_events.271.d: "The Canadians have withdrawn their troops from Boston and the cities of New England and have stated their occupation is over and that they were just keeping the region safe from Syndicalism.\n\nNew England has at least been reunited with the rest of America."
 united_states_events.271.a: "God Bless America."

 united_states_events.272.t: "Canada Refuses"
 united_states_events.272.d: "Canada has informed us that they shall not return New England to us.\n\nThis has caused many within Congress to demand war to reclaim our rightful territory, though shall we go to war right now?"
 united_states_events.272.a: "Then it shall be war."
 united_states_events.272.b: "We shall bide our time."

 united_states_events.273.t: "[FROM.GetNameDefCap] Asks for Alaska"
 united_states_events.273.d: "With the civil war now over, [From.GetNameDef] has decided to ask for the return of Alaska. We had seized it to protect our interests, but with [From.GetNameDef]'s victory in the civil war, they - as the claimant to American legitimacy - are asking for Alaska to be returned.\n\nTheir ambassador has stressed that war is rather likely if we refuse. What shall our response be?"
 united_states_events.273.a: "We shall return it."
 united_states_events.273.b: "We shall not return it."

 united_states_events.274.t: "Alaska Rejoins America"
 united_states_events.274.d: "Canada has returned the territory of Alaska back to [Root.GetNameDef]."
 united_states_events.274.a: "God Bless America."

 united_states_events.275.t: "Canada Refuses"
 united_states_events.275.d: "Canada has refused to return Alaska to us, what shall our position be?"
 united_states_events.275.a: "Let's not risk war."
 united_states_events.275.b: "War it shall be."

 united_states_events.281.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Wants to Join the [Root.GetFactionName]"
 united_states_events.281.d.middle: "This has followed weeks of other, smaller feelers by the [FROM.GetAdjective] at our embassy in [FROM.Capital.GetCapitalVictoryPointName].\n\nAn acceptance on our part would secure a major diplomatic victory for the [ROOT.GetFactionName] and may help stabilise our geopolitical situation, particularly in the Americas. In private however there have been concerns that another major power may weaken our grip over the alliance as a whole and tie our fate to a nation still recovering from a devastating civil war.\n\nWith that in mind, after careful deliberations, we are forced to prepare a final response."
 united_states_events.281.d.britain: "President [From.GetLeader] has asked the [FROM.GetAdjective] ambassador to meet with King [ROOT.GetLeader] and Prime Minister [GetSecondInCommand] to begin preliminary discussions about bringing [From.GetNameDef] into the [Root.GetFactionName]. $united_states_events.281.d.middle$ We have long cultivated close relations with the Americans, in part due to the realities of sharing a long Canadian-American border. Finalising an alliance in many ways is the logical final step in preserving stability in a changing world."
 united_states_events.281.d.france: "President [From.GetLeader] has asked the [FROM.GetAdjective] ambassador to meet with [ROOT.GetLeader] and his staff to begin preliminary discussions about bringing [From.GetNameDef] into the [Root.GetFactionName]. $united_states_events.281.d.middle$ Located far across the ocean, American aloofness has always been a sore spot in Franco-American relations, and such a pact will almost certainly tip the balance of our alliance back towards Anglo-spheric advantage. Still, we were one of their first allies in their independence war, and perhaps this is finally their chance to repay the favour."
 united_states_events.281.d.germany: "President [From.GetLeader] has asked the [FROM.GetAdjective] ambassador to meet with Kaiser [ROOT.GetLeader] and Chancellor [GetSecondInCommand] to begin preliminary discussions about bringing [From.GetNameDef] into the [Root.GetFactionName].$united_states_events.281.d.middle$ Accepting such an arrangement certainly is a contentious issue. It would bring the usually isolationist Americans onto the world stage, and it is not entirely clear how long they will tolerate our undisputed leadership. Still, their entry would ensure the [ROOT.GetFactionName]'s continued and global presence across the world."
 united_states_events.281.d.other: "President [From.GetLeader] has asked the [FROM.GetAdjective] ambassador to meet with [ROOT.GetLeader] to begin preliminary discussions about forming an alliance between America and [Root.GetNameDef]. This has followed weeks of other, smaller feelers by the [FROM.GetAdjective] at our embassy in [FROM.Capital.GetCapitalVictoryPointName].\n\nDespite the devastation of the civil war, it appears for the most part stability has been re-established in the troubled nation. Given its natural resources and geopolitical position, it is likely [FROM.GetNameDef] will return to a place of prominence in world affairs, and a pact with them will bolster our efforts at preserving mutual security.\n\nThat said, as we deliberate on a final response, there have been some concerns about the nature of this alliance, and how truly equal of a partnership it would entail."
 united_states_events.281.a: "Of course! We welcome them."
 united_states_events.281.b: "We have no need of them."

 united_states_events.282.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Refuses"
 united_states_events.282.d: "The [From.GetAdjective] government has refused our request to join their alliance.\n\nPerhaps we are not good enough for their measure, or unworthy as an ally. Either way, the answer was clearly no."
 united_states_events.282.a: "A poor decision on their part."

 united_states_events.283.t: "Congress Confirms MacArthur's Appointment"
 united_states_events.283.d: "General MacArthur's \"temporary\" occupation of the Washington has led not to a calming of tensions, but a fiery shockwave of resistance all across the nation. With the situation worse than any in D.C. could have predicted, MacArthur has taked the steps necessary to legitimise his regime. MacArthur has had a sympathetic member of the removed president's cabinet appoint him as Secretary of State, an appointment confirmed quickly by a session of a rump Senate shorn of its SPA, Farmer-Labor, and Longist members. As such, MacArthur now claims that, according to the Presidential Succession Act of 1886, since the presidency and vice presidency are vacant, he is the highest ranking official in the line of succession, and therefore the acting president.\n\nThough it is expected that a more sturdy constitutional justification for the military administration will be devised in due time, MacArthur has been hurriedly sworn in in the midst of his preparations for incoming civil war, and has addressed the nation, reminding all \"traitors\" that they still have time to lay down their arms."
 united_states_events.283.a: "We need hard men for hard times."
 united_states_events.283.b: "A barefaced assault on the Constitution!"

 united_states_events.285.t: "Cure for Polio"
 united_states_events.285.d: "Dr. Jonas Salk has created a cure for Polio. This is a miracle cure that many are calling a breakthrough in modern science. The scourge of Polio in America will now be forever gone from the minds of Americans.\n\nParents are lining up in droves at health clinics across the country to get the vaccine for their children and themselves."
 united_states_events.285.a: "Thank you Dr. Salk."

### Military stuff ###

 united_states_events.300.t: "Military Research"
 united_states_events.300.d: "We are having our best scientists and business leaders look into what we should invest our efforts into guns, artillery, tanks, our improving our own doctrines.\n\nWhat should we choose?"
 united_states_events.300.a: "Modernise our Guns."
 united_states_events.300.b: "Modernise our Artillery."
 united_states_events.300.c: "Modernise our Tanks."
 united_states_events.300.e: "Modernise our Doctrines."

 united_states_events.301.t: "Full Utilisation of Force"
 united_states_events.301.d: "The aftermath of the Second Civil War has given us time to assess not only the holes in our military capabilities, but potential improvements as well. Our General Staff has determined that we can outpace conventional engine based aeroplanes with the new fuel and thrust tech developed by Lawrence Bell.\n\nAt the same time, we have procured enough engineers and scientists for Neddermeyer's idea for a plutonium gun nuclear weapon."
 united_states_events.301.a: "Lawrence Bell's Jet."
 united_states_events.301.b: "Oppenheimer's Atom Bomb."
 united_states_events.301.c: "Authorise more funds for both."

 united_states_events.302.t: "Albuquerque Project"
 united_states_events.302.d: "Bell's X project has proceeded satisfactorily, with a successful implementation of rocket technology into planes being able to double the speed of older aircraft.\n\nBrave test pilot Jack Woolams today was the first person to fly the plane faster than 741 miles per hour, breaking the sound barrier."
 united_states_events.302.a: "Prepared for even Interplanetary War."

 united_states_events.303.t: "Winchester Project"
 united_states_events.303.d: "The project ran into a significant problem when it was discovered that the nuclear material Plutonium has a fission rate too fast for a bullet. The solution came in the form of depleted Uranium initially planned for a different nuclear project.\n\nThis makes the weapon barely ethical under normal nuclear waste usage guidelines, and creates the issue of intentional biological damage from radiation on the target. Nonetheless, the Thin Man is a success"
 united_states_events.303.a: "We are safe from Oppenheimer's deadly toy."

 united_states_events.304.t: "The War and Peace Studies"
 united_states_events.304.d: "In the past, our diplomatic conduct has been at the whim of ambassadors, many of whom had bought their positions from the party. The world we live in is too dangerous to afford such flippant choices to be made by agents of America, it is General MacArthur's opinion that a new approach to foreign policy is necessary, one that derives consensus from a group of trusted experts.\n\nThis is what inspired the War and Peace Studies, a calling for only the brightest to represent America in this brave new world. This entity, the so-called the Council on Foreign Relations, will advise General MacArthur on how to suppress radical forces from any corner of the world."
 united_states_events.304.a: "Constrained by diplomats no more."

 united_states_events.305.t: "The White House and Xanadu"
 united_states_events.305.d: "A surprising amount of support came from the pages of the many Hearst Newspapers that dot America. These papers drew up the image of MacArthur as the heroic Cincinnatus, hearing the call to save the Republic from certain destruction.\n\nA beacon for MacArthur's allies and the creation of an almost mythical personage through films and newspaper cartoons, Hearst has served as a stabilising factor to the ship of the state. Even Hearst's attacks on radical unions and populists seemed to echo the words of MacArthur's radio speeches."
 united_states_events.305.a: "We appreciate your support."

 united_states_events.306.t: "The New Normal in America"
 united_states_events.306.d: "When General MacArthur announced that he would not step down as leader, it was under the pretence of emergency. At the time, hundreds of thousands of Americans were unaccounted for, radicals prowled the countryside funding their politics with looted money, and the democratic pillar was unready to hold up the state.\n\nThese past few years have seen a great many galvanise into hardy MacArthurites, and a new flavour of politician has emerged in the House of Representatives. These Congressmen see the need for an integral military role to check and nurture the business environment and ensure the rights of citizens cannot be infringed due to gridlock."
 united_states_events.306.a: "Endorse the new supporters."
 united_states_events.306.b: "Refuse this congressional oeuvre."

 united_states_events.308.t: "Superweapons on a Budget"
 united_states_events.308.d: "In the last few years, our military research has focused on the potential for internal conflict, narrowing our focus and budget for longer-term projects. This years' Congressional Budget has fortunately found some money to allocate to a long-term project. Three plans are presented to the military high command to meet and exceed the military projects of our rivals. The first is a rocket by Goddard theoretically capable of delivering explosives from miles away without risking pilot lives.\n\nThe second is Oppenheimer's planned theoretical bomb using radioactive heavy metals as researched in Austria and Germany. The third is a much cheaper plan as proposed by the eccentric Wilhelm Reich, he claims that a bomb can be made much cheaper using his own personal physics research. On our part, we don't know much about what Wilhelm Reich is talking about, but his reputation in Austria gives us some comfort into whatever science he's using."
 united_states_events.308.a: "Goddard's Rocket."
 united_states_events.308.b: "Oppenheimer's Bomb."
 united_states_events.308.c: "Reich's Bomb."

 united_states_events.309.t: "Goddard's Successful Launch"
 united_states_events.309.d: "At home again in Roswell, New Mexico, Goddard again goes to launch test rockets. The last time he was here, the rockets were smaller than his thigh, and reached only a thousand feet in height.\n\nNow the rockets soar miles over the desert and touch down with their dummy weights. Goddard's refusal to detonate explosive rockets on the Continental United States prevent the full scale of the damage to be known."
 united_states_events.309.a: "Good boy Goddard."

 united_states_events.310.t: "Oppenheimer's Bomb a Success"
 united_states_events.310.d: "An invitation by Oppenheimer was sent out to nuclear researchers, physicists, and engineers throughout Europe. The promise of escaping persecution in Europe has resounded most strongly to Jewish scientists, some of whom emigrated to the US for the project.\n\nAfter a long period of experimentation and some cooperation with colleagues in Europe, a working atomic bomb is ready to be tested. The skies of Alamogordo New Mexico lit up in a flash of destruction as the test bomb Valediction exploded. Oppenheimer later said that the bomb was named after his favourite John Donne poem."
 united_states_events.310.a: "The breath goes now."

 united_states_events.311.t: "Reich's Failed Explosion"
 united_states_events.311.d: "After many delays and several attempts to obfuscate the general staff, Wilhelm Reich's bomb project has been discontinued and it seems millions of dollars have been wasted on bunk. This became apparent to Reich's observers when tests showing his energy, named Orgone, could induce exothermic reactions that only he and his associates could see.\n\nThe bomb itself being a hollow shell with layers of metals covering that never did explode, save for its collapse when Reich attempted to destroy it during the investigation. This embarrassment is currently making its rounds in the papers."
 united_states_events.311.a: "Not our proudest moment."

### New Pre-ACW Events ###
 united_states_events.500.t: "Garner-McNary Bill Introduced"
 united_states_events.500.d: "With the blessing of President Smith, Republican Senator Charles McNary and Speaker of the House John Nance Garner have introduced a new unemployment relief legislation package. Many in Congress feel that the package does not go nearly far enough, while others wonder how America - in the midst of a massive economic crisis - will possibly ever pay for it.\n\nThe presence of Senators from the Farmer-Labor Party, particularly in the SPA, as well as those aligned with Huey Long complicates things immensely. Even with Smith's support, it's unknown if Garner-McNary has a real chance of passing."
 united_states_events.500.a: "We shall see."

 united_states_events.501.t: "Long and Farmer-Labor Demand Changes"
 united_states_events.501.d: "As expected, the early challenges to the Garner-McNary Bill have come from the Longists and Farmer-Labor. Huey Long and his informal caucus have demanded a vast increase in the social security provisions the bill provides, provisions most other Senators say America could never afford. John Reed and the SPA, meanwhile, scoff at the provisions of the bill, which they say does little to protect workers or fundamentally change the reality of the depression.\n\nThough not as set against the bill as their radical comrades in the SPA, the non-socialist Farmer-Labor caucus is sympathetic to Reed's view, and will have to be accommodated if they are to be swayed to our side. All three groups have attracted a lot of media attention, adding to the general sense of disorder and tension in Congress."
 united_states_events.501.a: "Interesting."

 united_states_events.502.t: "Senators Break Ranks"
 united_states_events.502.d: "After weeks of negotiations, a number of establishment Senators have broken ranks over the coming vote on the Garner-McNary Bill - most notably Democratic Senator Robert Wagner, who says he will not vote for the bill unless protections for federal unemployment insurance are re-added.\n\nMany other Democrat and Republican Senators are concerned about the influence of the Longists and Farmer-Labor, and claim they will not vote for the bill if any concessions at all are made to either group. Others say that not courting either the Longists or Farmer-Labor will make passage difficult, if not impossible. President Smith will need to intervene in order to save the bill."
 united_states_events.502.a: "Pledge support to Wagner and the establishment Senators."
 united_states_events.502.b: "Force the establishment to compromise with the Longists."
 united_states_events.502.c: "Force the establishment to compromise with Farmer-Labor."

 united_states_events.503.t: "Anti-Establishment Forces Furious"
 united_states_events.503.d: "Both Huey Long and the Farmer-Labor Party have reacted with fury at President Smith's endorsement of establishment Senators. They have vowed to sink the Garner-McNary Bill, claiming that the public is being deceived by a \"corrupt government which refuses to recognise the reality of America\".\n\nWhile both Long and Farmer-Labor have both gained a considerable boost in support from their base, Democratic and Republican fortunes have improved somewhat, and there is a feeling that both have a better chance going into the next election... provided the bill actually passes."
 united_states_events.503.a: "Let's hope it does!"

 united_states_events.504.t: "Compromise with Long"
 united_states_events.504.d: "Recent days have resulted in a compromise between many establishment Senators and Huey Long, with numerous extra provisions included for farm relief and unemployment protection - though nowhere near as far as Long originally demanded. Even so, Long has declared this as a victory and is riding high in recent polls.\n\nBoth John Reed's SPA and a large number of Republican and Farmer-Labor Senators and Representatives have declared this a betrayal of the American public, however, and have vowed to sink the Garner-McNary bill when the vote comes."
 united_states_events.504.a: "We've done what we can..."

 united_states_events.505.t: "Compromise with Farmer-Labor"
 united_states_events.505.d: "Recent days have resulted in a compromise between many establishment Senators and the Farmer-Labor Party, with numerous extra provisions included for worker protections and unemployment relief - though nowhere near as far as Farmer-Labor originally demanded. Even so, John Reed has still declared his opposition to the bill, and more belligerent supporters of Farmer-Labor have flocked to the SPA over the moderates' \"betrayal\" of the American working class.\n\nA large number of Democratic and Republican Senators and Representatives, including Huey Long and his supporters, have also declared this a betrayal of the American public, however, and have vowed to sink the Garner-McNary bill when the vote comes."
 united_states_events.505.a: "We've done what we can..."

 united_states_events.506.t: "Voting Commences on the Garner-McNary Bill"
 united_states_events.506.d: "Voting has now begun on the Garner-McNary Bill. With Congress divided between radical and establishment Senators, whether or not the bill will pass is anything but certain.\n\nEven if the bill passes, the question of where its funding will come from remains without an answer - however, if it fails, the consequences will be disastrous and widespread violence can be expected."
 united_states_events.506.a: "... the bill is approved!"
 united_states_events.506.b: "... the bill is shot down!"

 united_states_events.507.t: "The Garner-McNary Bill Passes!"
 united_states_events.507.d: "Though the vote was incredibly close, the Garner-McNary bill has passed Congress.\n\nPeople throughout the United States are celebrating this welcome relief to the country's disastrous economic situation, though many within the government are wondering: how will the bill now be paid for?"
 united_states_events.507.a: "A victory for us all!"

 united_states_events.508.t: "The Garner-McNary Bill Fails!"
 united_states_events.508.d: "After an incredibly close vote in Congress, the Garner-McNary bill failed to pass. While several groups are declaring personal victory, protests have broken out in various parts of the country. There will be no relief for the American worker, and many have declared the government to be corrupt and dysfunctional.\n\nThere will be considerable time for blame, but for the moment the Smith Administration's concerns must turn to the growing violence throughout American cities - violence which is expected to only worsen in the months leading up to the election."
 united_states_events.508.a: "All that for nothing..."

 united_states_events.509.t: "War Plan White"
 united_states_events.509.d: "The time has come to dust off one of the American military's colour-coded war plans, this one meant for dealing with domestic disturbances and insurgencies. It cannot come a moment too soon, as violence is escalating in areas where the Longists and the SPA have been contending with local authorities for dominance.\n\nMinnesota and North Carolina are the two states where the violence is at its height, and - at the moment - we can only focus our efforts in one place."
 united_states_events.509.a: "Focus on the SPA in Minnesota."
 united_states_events.509.b: "Focus on the Longists in North Carolina."

 united_states_events.510.t: "Bringing out the National Guard"
 united_states_events.510.d: "The National Guard has been deployed for over six months now, fighting to maintain security in a number of American cities, but there is a growing fear that commanders within the Guard are not entirely loyal to the Republic, that many harbour sympathies for the Longists and the SPA.\n\nMore focus needs to be put on strengthening the units we know are loyal. We also need to decide where to focus their deployment, for the time being."
 united_states_events.510.a: "Focus on restoring order in Minnesota."
 united_states_events.510.b: "Focus on restoring order in Iowa."
 united_states_events.510.c: "Focus on restoring order in Tennessee."

 united_states_events.511.t: "General MacArthur's Plan"
 united_states_events.511.d: "There is growing concern that America is descending into a possible civil war, and that - despite all our efforts to maintain security - supporters of Huey Long and the SPA simply have too much influence in some parts of the country. General Douglas MacArthur has unveiled a plan to infiltrate key areas in either New York City or southern Texas.\n\nBoth are of high importance, New York for its industry and Texas for its oil, and both are at high risk to takeover. MacArthur says that these efforts might still come to naught if the Longists and SPA's power become too great, but he believes it will greatly increase the government's chances of maintaining control should it come to an armed conflict."
 united_states_events.511.a: "New York City is of vital importance."
 united_states_events.511.b: "We absolutely need that Texan oil."

 united_states_events.512.t: "The Barkley Plan"
 united_states_events.512.d: "Alben Barkley, Democrat and junior Senator for Kentucky, has introduced a bill which will see the relief efforts largely funded by taxing American corporations - in exchange for hefty tax considerations down the line, once the economy has recovered. This has caused considerable controversy in some corners, especially among Longist and SPA supporters.\n\nOthers say it would be far too easy for the next government to reverse the decision, leaving the corporations holding the bag and even worse off than they were before. Regardless, there is enough support to see the bill passed - and, as an added bonus, the agency to coordinate the efforts could be placed in either Minneapolis or in Charlotte, with the added bonus of new employment weakening what are now Longist and SPA strongholds."
 united_states_events.512.a: "Base the agency in Minneapolis."
 united_states_events.512.b: "Base the agency in Charlotte."

 united_states_events.513.t: "The New Industrial Act"
 united_states_events.513.d: "As an offshoot of the Barkley Plan, relief efforts will see new industrial growth in several vital areas - primarily in the military sector. Several of these new companies are planned for Denver, Colorado.\n\nAt least one other area can be promoted, and the cabinet believes that putting them in depressed areas which are currently strongholds of the Longists or SPA may see their influence in those areas drastically weakened."
 united_states_events.513.a: "Promote the industry in Minnesota."
 united_states_events.513.b: "Promote the industry in Iowa."
 united_states_events.513.c: "Promote the industry in Tennessee."

 united_states_events.514.t: "The Shipyard Funding Scheme"
 united_states_events.514.d: "The Barkley Plan has led to two major shipbuilding companies vying for a federal contract, one in New York City and the other in Corpus Christi. Both would mean a large number of jobs for the area, and would be a boon for our control over the region.\n\nThe problem is that word of the contract has gotten out, and whichever city we *don't* choose will likely be enraged, giving strength to the Longists or the SPA in the region."
 united_states_events.514.a: "Give the contract to New York City."
 united_states_events.514.b: "Give the contract to Corpus Christi."

 united_states_events.515.t: "America Demands Port Fees"
 united_states_events.515.d: "It came as a surprise to the Canadian government, but the ambassador from [USA.GetNameDef] has demanded that the Canadian government immediately begin repaying the port fees incurred by us in the years following the British Revolution. While the Americans are gripped in an economic crisis, one Canada has, to an extent, avoided, they must know the Canadians can never repay the fees... not all at once, at least.\n\nSince the retreat of the Royal Navy, there has been a tacit agreement that the fees wouldn't be fully repaid until the Home Islands were recaptured. For the Americans to demand it now, they must either be desperate or must be catering to the more warlike and isolationist elements in their government."
 united_states_events.515.a: "Whatever the reason, we cannot do as they demand."

 united_states_events.516.t: "Canada Refuses"
 united_states_events.516.d: "The Canadian government has responded to the demand with a flat refusal. The fees, they say, were never meant to be fully repaid until the Home Islands were retaken.\n\nEven so, their refusal has done its job and fired up the isolationist elements of the American government. President Smith's government has the support it needs, at the cost of relations with the Canadians."
 united_states_events.516.a: "So be it."

 united_states_events.517.t: "Compromise with America?"
 united_states_events.517.d: "There has been a break in the chilly relations with the American government since their demand for port fee repayment. They have approached us with an offer: economic assistance now, and an agreement to increase trade with the Entente, in exchange for the rest of the fees being delayed until the Home Isles are retaken... which was, aides point out, the original deal to begin with.\n\nIt might be a way to restore goodwill with our southern neighbours, and even help them, though some are suggesting that there's no point in shovelling our limited funds into a bottomless pit. America is lost, they say, and we should look to our own first."
 united_states_events.517.a: "We agree to the compromise."
 united_states_events.517.b: "They are on their own."

 united_states_events.518.t: "Canada Agrees to Compromise"
 united_states_events.518.d: "The Canadian government has reluctantly agreed to the compromise, giving us what payment they can now and accepting the deferment until the Home Isles have been retaken. In exchange, a trade agreement has been put in place with the Entente, something that's likely beneficial for us all.\n\nThe main downside is that the agreement has been viewed as treachery by the Longists and Farmer-Labor, both of which claim our corrupt government has betrayed the very people they fired up only moments before."
 united_states_events.518.a: "We'll take what we can get."

 united_states_events.519.t: "Canada Refuses the Compromise"
 united_states_events.519.d: "The Canadian government has refused our offer of compromise, leading to economic sanctions applied by both sides. The chance of this escalating to war is slight, but the damage is done.\n\nWe'll have to be satisfied with the gains we've made, and the increased revenue from the tariffs."
 united_states_events.519.a: "It was worth a try."

 united_states_events.530.t: "An Envoy from the East"
 united_states_events.530.d: "Ever since word arrived in [Root.GetNameDef] regarding General MacArthur willingly stepping down from power out east, we have wondered if we would hear from the new government. The ceasefire has held, after all - so do they desire peace? Our question has been answered with the arrival of an envoy from the Federal government.\n\nThey wish to meet once again, this time to talk about a reunion between our democratic governments. Most here in the west are willing, but there are many who say that MacArthur must first pay for his crimes. He is as much a traitor as Long and Reed, after all... if they are not willing to put him on trial as such, then how can we ever trust their word?"
 united_states_events.530.a: "MacArthur did America a favour - we will rejoin, no questions asked."
 united_states_events.530.b: "Yes, let them know we demand MacArthur be imprisoned first."
 united_states_events.530.c: "We do not trust them, now or ever."

 united_states_events.531.t: "The West Refuses to Meet"
 united_states_events.531.d: "Sadly, [ACC.GetNameDef] has refused to meet with us.\n\nIn the word of their letter: they simply don't believe we have regained true democracy."
 united_states_events.531.a: "So be it."

 united_states_events.532.t: "On One Condition..."
 united_states_events.532.d: "[ACC.GetNameDefCap] seems amenable to rejoining [ROOT.GetNameDef]... on one condition: that MacArthur be imprisoned and put on trial as a traitor. According to [FROM.GetNameDef], he is as much responsible for the death and destruction of the civil war as Reed and Long, and so long as he is not held to the same example as those men they cannot trust that our return to democracy is real.\n\nIt could be done, and many in our cabinet say it must be, for the sake of peace, but truth be told MacArthur is considered by many Americans to be a hero. He won the civil war for us. To repay him this way seems almost unthinkable."
 united_states_events.532.a: "For the good of America, let it be done."
 united_states_events.532.b: "MacArthur is a goddamn hero - refuse."

 united_states_events.533.t: "There Will Be No Deal"
 united_states_events.533.d: "The American government has responded to our demand with abject refusal. General Douglas MacArthur, they say, is a hero, one they see as having saved the country from syndicalism and radicalism, and one who gave up power once his duty was done.\n\nThey would rather go to war than see his accomplishments denigrated."
 united_states_events.533.a: "Then war it is."

 united_states_events.534.t: "The Federal Government Agrees"
 united_states_events.534.d: "While they are reluctant, for the sake of America the Federal government has agreed to our demand.\n\nOther matters will need to be addressed over time, but for the time being the General has been arrested and will await trial once we have rejoined the country."
 united_states_events.534.a: "God Bless America!!"

 united_states_events.535.t: "Our Brothers Have Returned"
 united_states_events.535.d: "It seems [ACC.GetNameDef] has been awaiting our call, and they have answered it in the affirmative.\n\nDemocracy has been restored across America, safe from syndicalism and radicals, and together we shall walk into the future."
 united_states_events.535.a: "God Bless America!!"

 united_states_events.536.t: "America Reunited!"
 united_states_events.536.d.full: "With the restoration of democracy in the United States, the breakaway faction in the west evidently had no reason to continue the civil war. After several meetings between the two governments, [ACC.GetNameDef] has agreed to a full peace with the east and has rejoined the federation.\n\nCrowds have filled the streets of cities from one end of America to the other, jubilant at the news that there will be no war and the Second American Civil War is now truly over."
 united_states_events.536.d.arrest: "With the restoration of democracy in the United States, the breakaway faction in the west evidently had no reason to continue the civil war. After several meetings between the two governments, the only condition imposed by [ACC.GetNameDef] was that General Douglas MacArthur be arrested and tried for treason. According to American officials, the West considered MacArthur just as much a traitor as Huey Long and John Reed, and just as responsible for the death and destruction that ensued.\n\nMany in the United States consider MacArthur a hero, however, so when news was revealed of his arrest, angry demonstrations were just as prevalent as celebrations at [ACC.GetNameDef]'s agreement to rejoin. It will likely take years for MacArthur's case to go to trial, and without a doubt will be a sensation, but for now the American Civil War is truly over."
 united_states_events.536.a: "Interesting."

 united_states_events.538.t: "Fourth of July!"
 united_states_events.538.d: "[USA_fourth_of_july_event_desc]"
 united_states_events.538.a: "[USA_fourth_of_july_event_option]"

 united_states_events.538.d.1936: "America had a brief period of calm today with a mostly peaceful Independence Day celebration. Commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 by the Second Continental Congress on the eve of the American Revolutionary war, the holiday is one of great importance to the American people. While many were worried that the rising tensions in America would result in yet another bout of violence in the long and brutal election season, most sighed a breath of relief today as the news reported little brawling during the annual celebration.\n\nWhile all the major candidates made sure to be seen and photographed among the large crowds and delivered speeches connecting their respective causes to the situation in 1776, most Americans took the time to take a break from the intense politics plaguing America. Instead they decided to just spend time with their families and friends amidst picnics and fireworks. It would seem for a brief moment, that America had finally received something it had lacked for a very long time... unity."
 united_states_events.538.d.1937_USA_democratic: "Since the start of hostilities this year, many Americans held onto the false hope that the violence would settle down quickly and the politicians would find a solution without war. However, the 30 day deadline came and went, and America has found itself at war. President [Root.GetLeader] took to the air waves today in a widely-listened to broadcast in which he extolled American virtues and sacrifices while at war. He noted that July 4th was a day the disparate 13 colonies came together as one, and to found the great nation that Americans are now fighting for. To build a nation founded on democracy, prosperity, and unity.\n\nThat despite their many differences, the founders were willing to put that aside and work peacefully to not only defend against British oppression, but also build a project to last generations. The radicals, he says, have sought to topple that peace and unity, to curtail democratic expression and replace voting with violence when they didn't get their way. So, one more time, Americans must come together and fend off those who would destroy the American way of life."
 united_states_events.538.d.1937_USA_macarthur: "Since the start of hostilities this year, many Americans held onto the false hope that the violence would settle down quickly and the politicians would find a solution without war. However, the 30 day deadline came and went, and America has found itself at war.\n\nToday, America celebrates the anniversary of America's founding in the middle of civil war. Seeking to emulate General Washington's July 9th reading of the Declaration of Independence to the Continental Army gathered in New York City and rally the American people once again, President MacArthur has decided to deliver a speech before Federalist troops today. Noting that Washington had delivered his address even with British troops in the harbour, MacArthur reaffirmed that the United States military had always fought for American liberty and would continue to do so into the 20th century. Likening Congress's grant of emergency powers to him to Washington's commission as Commander-in-Chief, MacArthur concluded his speech by promising the American people to restore order to the Union."
 united_states_events.538.d.1937_WCA: "Since the start of hostilities this year, many Americans held onto the false hope that the violence would settle down quickly and the politicians would find a solution without war. However, the 30 day deadline came and went, and America has found itself at war. While President Reed had hoped to make his address near Independence Hall in Philadelphia, his staff dissuaded him from the plan. Instead, Reed has elected to speak before assembled leaders at a local union chapter.\n\nDespite the relatively humble setting, the crowd watched with rapt attention. He noted that back in the day Americans had found themselves chafing under greed and neglect, and on this day they had formally organised for freedom from their chains. Noting that the first declaration had 27 points of grievances against the British, to roaring applause Reed pulled out a list of 27 grievances the modern worker had and declared that the WCA would continue to fight on for a new America!"
 united_states_events.538.d.1937_APG: "Since the start of hostilities this year, many Americans held onto the false hope that the violence would settle down quickly and the politicians would find a solution without war. However, the 30 day deadline came and went, and America has found itself at war. President Huey Long made an address before a cheering crowd of supporters. While minutemen standing behind him scanned the rally for any would-be assassins, the crowd remained enthralled by the power of Long's voice. Long pointed out that in 1776, Americans were ruled by corrupt British oligarchs backed by the ruthless bayonets of the Redcoats.\n\nDespite the long odds however, American patriots rose up and drove out not only the British but their treacherous loyalists. Today he says, is no different. Americans must remain vigilant against the avaricious elite and their collaborators, and the modern minutemen stand ready to save America once again! Just as he finished, the fireworks show began behind him, much to the crowd's delight."
 united_states_events.538.d.1937_ACC: "Since the start of hostilities this year, many Americans held onto the false hope that the violence would settle down quickly and the politicians would find a solution without war. However, the 30 day deadline came and went, and America has found itself at war. Today President [Root.GetLeader] has made an address before the provisional United States Congress. He said that in 1776, the Continental Congress declared war against tyranny and sought to preserve the rights of Americans, and soon became a beacon of liberty for many others. He emphasised that it was a democratically elected legislature, not a general or political strongman, who authorised the declaration of freedom.\n\nToday, he says, America finds itself once again at war against tyranny, fighting against forces willing to extinguish the flames of liberty. The President concluded by declaring that once America had vanquished the dictators in the East the restored constitutional government would once again live up to the Founder's dream of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, and moreover from Sea to Shining Sea."
 united_states_events.538.d.1937_NEE: "Since the start of hostilities this year, many Americans held onto the false hope that the violence would settle down quickly and the politicians would find a solution without war. However, the 30 day deadline came and went, and America has found itself at war. Some say New England was lucky to have avoided directly participating in the war. However, the atmosphere has remained tense and war looms on the horizon. While many detractors have pointed out the irony in celebrating the Fourth of July in the midst of a Canadian occupation, the provisional government in New England had sought to combat the perception of being a Canadian puppet by putting on a memorable Fourth of July celebration.\n\nSpeaking before Bunker Hill monument, President [Root.GetLeader] delivered his address by recalling the sacrifices Americans made in order to protect the liberty and prosperity of the nation, bravely waiting until they could see the whites in their enemies eyes before firing their limited ammunition. He went on to stress that Americans and Canadians were working now as equal partners and brothers, and that someday America would be free once more."
 united_states_events.538.d.war_USA_democratic: "Fireworks and barbecues have unfortunately given way to firebombs and flames as America enters another year of civil war. However, from their homes (or what is left of them), the American people continue to solemnly celebrate Independence day. President [Root.GetLeader], despite being clearly worn down from the stress of managing a civil war, took to the airwaves this year to commend Americans and thank them for continuing to believe in American democracy. He stressed that, although their soldiers may not be there to celebrate with them, they are fighting for the most sacred cause - that of liberty. Through the years, America has never stopped fighting for its democracy.\n\nNot in the highs and lows of the Revolution, not in 1812 when Washington fell, not in the Civil War. And more importantly, he said, true patriots have always fought together. Now it's our turn. He concluded his speech by vowing that America will never stop striving for a better future and that it will soon be whole again..."
 united_states_events.538.d.war_USA_macarthur: "Fireworks and barbecues have unfortunately given way to firebombs and flames as America enters another year of civil war. However, from their homes (or what is left of them), the American people continue to solemnly celebrate Independence day. General MacArthur proudly delivered another defiant speech to rally his men, noting that despite all the troubles and hardships, the Army of the Free always came out victorious.\n\nFrom Valley Forge, to Custer's ranks, to San Juan Hill and modern tanks. He recalled in the last civil war, that on July 4th was a turning point - the day Lee withdrew from Gettysburg and Grant took Vicksburg. The point is, he concluded, that so long as America and her army remains standing strong, the war is not over and neither is the American dream. Thanking the assembled troops and extolling their virtues, the Commander in Chief vowed that as dark as things may seem sometimes, order will be restored in America and normalcy will return."
 united_states_events.538.d.war_WCA: "Fireworks and barbecues have unfortunately given way to firebombs and flames as America enters another year of civil war. However, from their homes (or what is left of them), the American people continue to solemnly celebrate Independence day. President Reed, despite reports of ill health caused by the duration of the war, appeared in good spirits today as he addressed his people. He noted that in better days, the Fourth of July was a day to celebrate because it marked the start of the American Experiment. Although the revolution had caused much damage and suffering, Americans continued to fight on. And through the ashes were able to build a new society not seen before on Earth.\n\nThe President promised that although America is in the midst of a brutal civil war, the Second American revolution will once again build a new order out of the ashes, one that will spell both liberty and mutual prosperity for all. The America the founders envisioned, and the final realisation of the ideals set forth by the Declaration."
 united_states_events.538.d.war_APG: "Fireworks and barbecues have unfortunately given way to firebombs and flames as America enters another year of civil war. However, from their homes (or what is left of them), the American people continue to solemnly celebrate Independence day. President Long held a small rally today, a rare occasion these days due to the threat of bombing. Although the makeup did little to hide the bags under the President's eyes, Long spoke with as much fervour as always. The war is a time of troubles and strife no doubt, but it was that way back in the Revolution.\n\nThe Patriots have always come out on top in the end, and this time America's sons of liberty are fighting to rid America once and for all of those who would harm her - the unruly Socialists in Chicago, the decadent bankers on Wall Street, the imperious military men in Washington. The Fourth of July, the President noted, is a day patriots have always come together as one. And with God's help, he went on, when the war is over they will do so once again."
 united_states_events.538.d.war_ACC: "Fireworks and barbecues have unfortunately given way to firebombs and flames as America enters another year of civil war. However, from their homes (or what is left of them), the American people continue to solemnly celebrate Independence day. Though the war rages on, President [Root.GetLeader] was invited by the provisional Congress to deliver an address. Speaking before the assembled congressmen, and knowing that his speech was being recorded for all to hear, the President noted that despite all chaos and turmoil, the democratic government in America continued to function.\n\nProof, he said, that America does not need dictatorships and tyrants in order to continue functioning. And although things could be pretty bleak, there was no shortage of people willing to continue fighting for liberty then, in 1776, and there is no shortage of people willing to fight for liberty now. Because Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness are values that transcend generations and Americans will fight for them now, and forever."
 united_states_events.538.d.war_NEE: "Fireworks and barbecues have unfortunately given way to firebombs and flames as America enters another year of civil war. However, from their homes (or what is left of them), the American people continue to solemnly celebrate Independence day. New England remains at peace, a sort of oasis of tranquillity in a time of death and destruction. Despite the tension and the numerous refugees, the people of New England tried their best to celebrate the Fourth of July as usual.\n\nPresident [Root.GetLeader] delivered an address to the people, noting that New England has always been a leader in America, and is working to help ensure that America will emerge from the civil war free. In the meantime, his administration works to keep New England from invasion and to solve the lingering effects of the depression. He vows that New England shall remain a shining city on a hill for not just America, but for the world, and that when the civil war is over, New England will help lead America into a brighter future."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_ceasefire: "The war has ended... for now. An uneasy ceasefire has been established between East and West in America as both sides work to stabilise their respective territories and consolidate power. Much of America on both sides remains ravaged by the bombings and fighting, and casualties have been high. Americans pray for a peaceful outcome to the standoff, hoping for a solution that sees their side come out on top while avoiding further conflict. Still, on July Fourth both sides of the border have seen their people turn out for celebration, initially muted before celebrating a Fourth of July finally free of war.\n\nThe sorrow and horror of the years before, between Depression and War, has receded for the day as people stop worrying for just a little bit. Indeed, some have speculated that maybe this peace could last with just a little bit of negotiations. Although the future remains uncertain, the politicians and generals continue to plot and plan, one thing is for certain - we are one people with a common history. And now, we look to see whether or not we will emerge from this crisis one people once again, and our fates joined together once more."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_NEE_exists: "The war has concluded with most of America united under one banner. However, the fate of New England is a question that remains in the air. New England is too much of an integral part of the USA for any American government to allow it to remain independent, however it remains to be seen whether or not reunification will be peaceful or not. Tensions remain in the air, however as the situation continues into July both sides of the border now celebrate the Fourth of July, a Fourth of July free of further civil war and killings (for now). While some of the more hawkish complain that, generations later Boston remains under British occupation and have tried to draw on the holiday to agitate for a violent liberation of New England, the vast majority of Americans on both sides have taken the holiday as a chance for a peaceful respite from all the troubles the last few years have caused. Although the future remains in flux, one thing is for certain - we are one people with a common history. And now, we look to see whether or not we will emerge from this crisis one people once again, and our fates joined together once more."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_annexed_canada: "The American nation has emerged in celebration today, with Americans from Boston to San Francisco spending the day with their families and friends for Independence day. With the Civil War behind them and the wounds in America's infrastructure and psyche slowly healing, America has slowly returned to a sense of normalcy. With barbecues and parades, streamers and fireworks, America commemorates their nation's founding. However, there is one part of the country where there have been no celebrations outside of military bases. Like Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold in 1775, the Americans have recently invaded their northern neighbour.\n\nUnlike their Revolutionary War predecessors however, they have successfully annexed Canada, an ambition many thought Americans had long dropped. Despite attempts to encourage the locals to participate in the festivities and the insistence of [Root.GetLeader] that America has liberated their Canada brethren from British rule at last, responses have been muted in the North. Mayors of major Canadian cities have made reticent official statements acknowledging the holiday, however it is clear that it will be many years before the Fourth of July is celebrated in Canada, if ever. For now, resistance (violent and peaceful) continues. Still, as the fireworks go off in the sky, the people living in North America look to the future, whatever is in store for the Continent."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_WCA: "From the ashes of the old order, a new America has emerged. As America moves forward with reconstruction and dealing with the politics of this new socialist American order, Americans have been allowed a respite to celebrate Independence Day. Much has changed since 1936, before the war. Buildings have been levelled, roads destroyed, people have been killed, and countless displaced. There is no shortage of reasons to grieve. Yet, today seems to be so very similar to the way things were. Americans still gather together with their friends and family (or what's left of them) and celebrate the day with music and singing.\n\nNeighbours, once bitterly divided with one another, have begun to slowly reconcile today as they celebrate not only independence but peace between men. Because although there is much to be done, and no shortage of grief, America still remains an idealistic nation. As America turns the next page in its story, the people look forward to the promises the next day brings. And now, Independence Day reminds them that once again, Americans are one people."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_APG: "America called for her patriots to defend her, and it would appear that they have succeeded in warding off threats to the American way of life. Although there is much to be done and likely still some political turmoil ahead, peace has returned to America. Despite the blown up infrastructure and the numerous dead and the political instability and the numerous insurgencies, America pushes onwards with reconstruction. Today, Americans are able to find respite from all the troubles as they celebrate Independence Day.\n\nAmericans, young and old, gather together to celebrate Independence day with their friends and family (or what's left of them) with raucous celebrations decorated with conspicuous red, white and blue. Neighbours, still divided by the past, nonetheless have begun to shed some of the division and come together for celebrations. Because although there is much to be done, and no shortage of grief, America still remains a great people. As America turns the next page in its story, the people look forward to the promises the next day brings. And now, Independence Day reminds them that once again, America is the land of the free."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_ACC: "From Sea to Shining Sea. That was the promise Americans had fought for across the American Civil War. Now the war is over and the provisional government declared in Sacramento now stretches from California all the way to Washington. All the damage had been great, and the death toll even worse, liberty refused to be extinguished. While many had thought that it was a long shot for American democracy to be restored, not too long ago American democracy had once more returned victorious. Although America continues to rebuild and fight through reconstruction, today Americans are able to take a rest and celebrate the founding of their great nation.\n\nAcross the country, Americans celebrate Independence Day with bonfires and parades with their families and friends (or what's left of them). Neighbours, though still reluctant to fully trust one another, try to celebrate the holiday as one people. The last few years have certainly been rough, the triumph of constitutionalism has lifted spirits and brought hope back to the land. Because although there is much to be done, and no shortage of grief, America still remains a beacon of liberty. As America turns the next page in its story, the people look forward to the promises the next day brings. And now, Independence Day reminds them that once again, democracy reigns from coast to coast."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_NEE: "At the start of the emergency, when New England's governors asked the Entente for protection, few ever thought that the New Englanders would be able to restore democracy across the United States. And yet, they did just that. The violence has taken its toll on the American people. Numerous died, infrastructure was destroyed, countless refugees have streamed north and elsewhere for safety. And yet, today is a day of hope and optimism for the American people. Americans, young and old, gather together to celebrate Independence day with their friends and families (or what's left of them), through rich meals and carefree celebrations.\n\nIn some towns the night before, towns compete to stack pyramids of barrels and casks before lighting them in a giant bonfire. Neighbours, formerly divided by ideology and sympathies, have gradually started to celebrate with one another as the scars of war slowly heal. Because although there is much to be done, and no shortage of grief, America still remains a great nation. As America turns the next page in its story, the people look forward to the promises the next day brings. And now, Independence Day reminds them that once again, America is one United States of America."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_USA_macarthur: "Today the guns are silent. A great tragedy has ended. A great victory has been won. That was what MacArthur said not too long ago after the conclusion of fighting in the Second American Civil War. The consequences of the bloodletting have been dire. Many had died, infrastructure was destroyed, and perhaps worst of all some believe hope too had been destroyed. Today though, as America toils with reconstruction, a glimmer of hope seemed to shine through to Americans at long last.\n\nOnce again, Americans meet with their families and friends (or what's left of them) to eat and play and watch fireworks. Neighbours, previously torn by war, have begun to reluctantly celebrate with one another as all enjoy Independence day as one nation. Because although there is much to be done, and no shortage of grief, America still remains a great nation. As America turns the next page in its story, the people look forward to the promises the next day brings. And now, Independence Day reminds them that once again, they are one United States of America."
 united_states_events.538.d.post_war_USA_democratic: "On this particular July 4th, the guns have fallen silent on the American continent, the soldier has returned home, and the lights on the city streets slowly relit. The great civil war that had challenged the unity of the United States for the second time in its short life span has finally ended.\n\nWhile the nation has suffered dramatically in the conflagration, the United States is slowly climbing back on its feet. While not every family can afford the traditional barbeques, the traditional fireworks and parades have returned. President [FROM.GetLeader] gave an official address from [USA.Capital.GetCapitalVictoryPointName] thanking the United States military for their diligence in restoring order and protecting the United States from outside threats. In addition, he included a message of praise for the American people, honouring all who served the nations as combatants or civilians in helping to rebuild the war-torn nation. While there is still much to do, the United States remains a strong nation, and soon, the civil war will be a moment in the history books, a terrible fragment of the past. With this new independence day, the United States honours the restoration of the union and a new era of prosperity and freedom to come. And now, Independence Day reminds them, that once again the United States will be a beacon of democracy to the rest of the world."
 united_states_events.538.a.1936: "A respite from the chaos."
 united_states_events.538.a.1937_USA_democratic: "One nation, indivisible."
 united_states_events.538.a.1937_USA_macarthur: "Americans have always fought for freedom!"
 united_states_events.538.a.1937_WCA: "So that all men are created equal!"
 united_states_events.538.a.1937_APG: "And the rockets' red glare..."
 united_states_events.538.a.1937_ACC: "Sic Semper Tyrannis!"
 united_states_events.538.a.1937_NEE: "Hopefully..."
 united_states_events.538.a.war_USA_democratic: "For union and for liberty!"
 united_states_events.538.a.war_USA_macarthur: "Duty, Honor, Country."
 united_states_events.538.a.war_WCA: "My home, sweet home..."
 united_states_events.538.a.war_APG: "Stand beside Her, and guide Her."
 united_states_events.538.a.war_ACC: "Conquer we must, when our cause is just."
 united_states_events.538.a.war_NEE: "Through the night, with the light from above."
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_ceasefire: "Get ready for the Jubilee!"
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_NEE_exists: "Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem."
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_annexed_canada: "The American Revolution completed."
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_USA_macarthur: "Land of the pilgrim's pride!"
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_USA_democratic: "The Union Indivisible!"
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_WCA: "This land was made for you and me!"
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_APG: "Land of the free, home of the brave!"
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_ACC: "Crown thy good with brotherhood."
 united_states_events.538.a.post_war_NEE: "Yankee Doodle, keep it up!"

 united_states_events.539.t: "MacArthur's Last Speech"
 united_states_events.539.d: "Sensing that he would soon be arrested, General Douglas MacArthur has elected to make one final speech before Congress, convincing several of his former allies to do him one last favour. Wearing his old Army uniform, the former Chief of Staff of the United States Army reflected upon the course of the war, his coming fate, and informed the audience that he would not resist arrest. Instead he said that he would accept imprisonment if it would bring the nation back together again without further bloodshed. He stated that he only did what he did in order to protect America, and was grateful for his many years in service as a \"fulfilment of his boyish hopes and dreams\".\n\nThough many in the audience clapped, critics have almost immediately lashed out, noting that MacArthur's coup helped trigger the civil war in the first place. Moreover, his speech seems to not only be a last ditch effort to gain pity (and possibly a pardon), but also appears to try taking credit for the reunification between [ACC.GetNameDef] and the Washington government, a success they argue is a credit to [Root.GetLeader] and diplomacy, not MacArthur. However, the public will probably remember MacArthur's iconic phrase he said in his speech's closing, before he turned himself into the custody of the waiting FBI..."
 united_states_events.539.a: "'Old soldiers never die, they simply fade away.'"

 united_states_events.540.t: "Douglas MacArthur Arrested"
 united_states_events.540.d.vandenberg: "With the Syndicalists and the Longists finally subdued, only the [ACC.GetNameDef] and MacArthur's Federal Government remained standing. Both sides, exhausted of the horrendous conflict that had torn apart a nation - have indicated to one another regarding a potential unification by compromise and not arms.\n\nGeneral Douglas MacArthur, the commander in chief of the Federal Army during the civil war, shocked the American continent when he announced his resignation from the presidency. The general publicly announced his appointment of Senator Arthur Vandenberg as his successor and his subsequent withdrawal from presidential affairs. While MacArthur's retirement made him appear as a modern-day American Cincinnatus in the eyes of his followers, to some Americans, MacArthur's moves were viewed with the highest of suspicions.\n\nNonetheless, it would appear that [ACC.GetNameDef] has completely subverted MacArthur's gambit. With the American nation waiting anxiously for news of the eventual reunification, the government of [ACC.GetNameDef] sent a strongly worded note to the Federal Government - demanding that MacArthur be tried for his crimes against the American people in exchange for unification. After all, it was MacArthur's military coup of the American government in the bleak winter of 1937 that threw the nation into anarchy. But perhaps most surprising is that the general's choice, newly appointed President Arthur Vandenberg, has been one of the most vocal voices calling for MacArthur's arrest. President Vandenberg has taken to the national radio to denounce MacArthur as a Caesarean dictator, receiving praise and support from [ACC.GetNameDef]. Politically outmanoeuvred and faced with a country desperate for peace, the former commander-in-chief has no choice but to comply with his arrest."
 united_states_events.540.d.garner: "With the Syndicalists and the Longists finally subdued, only [ACC.GetNameDef] and MacArthur's Federal Government remained standing. Both sides, exhausted of the horrendous conflict that had torn apart a nation — have indicated to one another regarding a potential unification by compromise and not arms.\n\nGeneral Douglas MacArthur, the commander in chief of the Federal Army during the civil war, shocked the American continent when he announced his resignation from the presidency. The general publicly announced his appointment of House Speaker John Nance Garner as his successor and his subsequent withdrawal from presidential affairs. While MacArthur's retirement made him appear as a modern-day American Cincinnatus in the eyes of his followers, to some Americans, MacArthur's moves were viewed with the highest of suspicions.\n\nNonetheless, it would appear that [ACC.GetNameDef] has completely subverted MacArthur's gambit. With the American nation waiting anxiously for news of the eventual reunification, the government of [ACC.GetNameDef] sent a strongly worded note to the Federal Government — demanding that MacArthur be tried for his crimes against the American people in exchange for unification. After all, it was MacArthur's military coup of the American government in the bleak winter of 1937 that threw the nation into anarchy. But perhaps most surprising is that the general's choice, newly appointed President John Nance Garner, has been one of the most vocal voices calling for MacArthur's arrest. President Garner has taken to the national radio to denounce MacArthur as a Caesarean dictator, receiving praise and support from [ACC.GetNameDef]. Politically outmanoeuvred and faced with a country desperate for peace, the former commander-in-chief has no choice but to comply with his arrest."
 united_states_events.540.a: "Sic semper tyrannis."

 united_states_events.541.t: "The Presidential Succession"
 united_states_events.541.d: "In an ironic, perhaps fitting turn of event, the General who once deposed and imprisoned the President in a coup has now himself being arrested. With MacArthur now out of the way, the question looming in Washington is who should be President for the remainder of the 1936-1940 term. Constitutionally speaking, when the President dies or otherwise leaves office before the completion of their term, their Vice President takes up office. However, the MacArthur administration regarded both the presidency and vice presidency as vacant throughout the entire war, leaving him as acting president as secretary of state. This question has brought a new round of partisan bickering as Quentin Roosevelt and his supporters argue that he is the legitimate President of the United States and that the Sacramento Government was a continuation of the Constitutional government throughout the civil war.\n\nFor many former Federalists however, this question cuts deep into the heart of the question of the legitimacy of the Washington government during the Civil War and many argue that Roosevelt's challenge threatens to destabilise the peace and reconciliation process. It would be better to instead allow for Acting President [Root.GetLeader] to serve out the remainder of the term until new elections can be held. Thankfully, both sides have decided to resolve this question peacefully and it has quickly went before the Supreme Court. After hearing legal arguments from both sides, the court has announced its verdict that..."
 united_states_events.541.a: "...the coup was unconstitutional - Roosevelt is the rightful president."
 united_states_events.541.b: "...the appointment was legitimate - [ROOT.GetLeader] is the rightful president."

###############
##Army Events##
###############
 united_states_events.600.t: "Status of the US Army"
 united_states_events.600.d: "The defence of the United States has always been an uphill battle. Stretched thin against the vast breadth of the North American continent, the United States Army has had little chance to distinguish itself throughout its 160 year history. It won the bare minimum of victories to maintain American independence during the Revolution and the War of 1812. It performed admirably against a corrupt regime in the Mexican-American War but half of those forces would provide the seed for the fledgeling Confederate Army during the ensuing Civil War. More recently the Army performed barely adequately to subdue the heavily outgunned Spanish and struggled to suppress the half-starved Filipino Insurrection more than 30 years ago.\n\nPrevented from joining in the Weltkrieg on either side, it has suffered in both doctrine and technology, with very few tanks and a small Air Corps subsidiary to the ground forces. With the hobbled lion that was the British Empire on the northern frontier and a syndicalist stronghold poised in the south, the U.S. Army must be asked to defend the Republic from enemies within and without, and few agree that they are up to the task."
 united_states_events.600.a: "They'll have to suffice."

 united_states_events.601.t: "Status of the US Navy"
 united_states_events.601.d: "The United States Navy, long the darling child of the American defence establishment has been a strong force in global maritime affairs for nearly fifty years. A rival even to the vaunted Kaiserliche Marine and Royal Navy at their height in the Weltkrieg, it has defended America's shores and sallied forth to spread stability and democracy for nigh on 160 years. From John Paul Jones' raid on the British mainland to the Battle of Manila Bay, the Navy has provided the security needed by the republic from those that would infringe upon our independence from beyond the seas.\n\nAll is not well in the modern day, however. The navy's ships are old, her flagships Weltkrieg-era dreadnoughts even as Germany and the Syndicalists engage in a new naval arms race, and the tattered remnants of the Royal Navy lick their wounds. The new dreadnoughts have been commissioned at the suggestion of senator Benjamin Tillman, along with many projects of the twenties converted to aircraft carriers due to the Great Depression, but the Navy is nowhere near ready to take on the imperial Japanese fleet.\n\nThe Marine Corps fares better, hardened as they are by constant action in tropical locales, but they are small, only a few regiments strong, and are powerless to affect increasing tension at home from their far-flung island bases. The honour guard in Washington, D.C. look increasingly powerless as violence in the nation's capital increases. Our White ships might dominate the waves but many question whether it will be enough to face the gathering storm on the horizon."
 united_states_events.601.a: "Semper Fortis?"

 united_states_events.602.t: "Army Doctrinal Debate"
 united_states_events.602.d: "With the Outbreak of the American Civil War, the Army High Command has been thrown into chaos. Now not only is a reform plan to deal with the imminent crisis necessary, but also urgent as the rebellious states threaten the unity of America. Luckily for us, several staff members had already been advocating for reform plans since the early 1920s, and they have been summoned by High Command to a meeting for them to lay out their plans.\n\nAfter a session full of army formalities, 4-Star General Malin Craig presented a restructuring and mobilisation plan which would focus on trying to arm as many men as possible while improving and enhancing the High Command to have an edge in planning over our enemies. While many conservative members applauded his traditionalist stance, Major General Adna R. Chaffee criticised his stance, quoting several instances in which planning and mass mobilisation didn't earn the victory to the French in the Weltkrieg, and instead advocating for the adoption of the \"Thunderbolt\": Fast moving armies supporting themselves on motorised and mechanised elements to quickly exploit enemy weak spots.\n\nWhile both sides got gridlocked into a discussion for radically different plans, Major General Lesley McNair offered an alternative solution: The American strength lies with its industry, and it is clear that in order to win, that strength should be exploited to its fullest. For that he proposes the restoration of the late 1920s and early 1930s artillery examination boards and the development of anti air and anti tank batteries to counter-act any enemy developments on this front. After hours of discussion, a decision is made..."
 united_states_events.602.a: "Chaffee wins the debate."
 united_states_events.602.b: "McNair convinces his Superiors."
 united_states_events.602.c: "Craig sways the High Command."

 united_states_events.603.t: "Air Force Independence Debate"
 united_states_events.603.d: "The Air Force has remained as a mostly token part of the Army, with barely any investment going towards it during the 1920s and 1930s. However, air developments during these last decades have proven that a strong air force is a vital asset for an army who wishes to come out victorious from the battlefield.\n\nUnfortunately, the Army High Command in many aspects refuses to acknowledge this, and as a result, sparks conflict with many Air Branch generals who wish to direct the development of their own branch. With the country's integrity at stake, the High Command has decided to negotiate with the Air Force Generals, and the result of the negotiations is pretty clear: The Air Branch will not stand for a continuation of the Status Quo, and demands that at best, their force is given significant autonomy from the Army and reorganise as the United States Army Air Force, and at worse for the United States Army Air Corps to be expanded and supported to suit the needs of the battlefield.\n\nWith the High Command being undecided on the issue, the final decision has been sent to the War Department, where it has been forwarded to the Secretary of Defense to decide on the matter."
 united_states_events.603.a: "Expand the USAAC."
 united_states_events.603.b: "Form the USAAF."

 united_states_events.604.t: "Adna R. Chaffee Dies"
 united_states_events.604.d: "After months of struggle in the hospital, Major General Adna R. Chaffee has unfortunately passed away due to cancer. Considered by many as the father of American Armored Corps, the mentor of many tank crews and officers and one of the main reformers of the US Army, his death has taken most of the High Command by surprise.\n\nLuckily, he had laid out his plans to High Command clearly, so while his death is a tragic turn of events, it won't hinder our army reforms."
 united_states_events.604.a: "His Expertise will be missed Nonetheless."

 united_states_events.605.t: "Tank Competition"
 united_states_events.605.d: "While our tanks in the assembly line have proven useful, Chaffee considers that their role is too spread for them to be effective. Right now our tanks are too slow to be used to take advantage of breakthroughs, but not armoured enough to sustain anti-tank projectiles, let alone tank-to-tank combat.\n\nSince achieving both is simply unachievable with the current state of our nation, we can however focus on one aspect so that our tanks may serve a specific role."
 united_states_events.605.a: "Striking Fast is our Priority."
 united_states_events.605.b: "Striking Hard is our Priority."

 united_states_events.606.t: "Seizure of Civilian Trucks"
 united_states_events.606.d: "After Chaffee announced his Motorisation program for the Army, a proposal was sent to the Secretary of Defense by the War Department to decide on the requisition of civilian vehicles in order to supply our fast-growing army. With his approval, we have begun seizing vehicles from the civilian populace, although to our surprise, some proud patriots line up next to our storages to volunteer their vehicles for the incoming fight.\n\nWhile not all their vehicles have proven to be useful for us, we have managed to requisition a fair amount of trucks which can either be modified to transport troops with ease or which are sturdy enough to transport our troops at once."
 united_states_events.606.a: "We thank you for your service."

 united_states_events.607.t: "Production Prioritisation"
 united_states_events.607.d: "As the American industry hums along McNair's artillery designs, a new debacle has begun among members of the High Command. Front Line reports of complete squads being wiped out by enemy dive bombings have been a concern of the staff since the beginning of the American Civil War, but the quick development of armoured elements in the enemy forces are overwhelming our army of mostly barely-equipped grunts.\n\nAfter asking for extra resources to the War Department, extra investments have been authorised for the Army, but they'd need to be addressed to a particular type of countermeasures against the enemy tactics, and so the High Command must choose wisely what it shall invest it in..."
 united_states_events.607.a: "Anti Tank Guns are vital."
 united_states_events.607.b: "Anti Air Guns are more important."

 united_states_events.608.t: "First Paradrop Exercise"
 united_states_events.608.d: "While technically speaking, the first paradropping exercises were practised in 1930 with biplanes dropping machine gun squads, today a major breakthrough has been achieved in the airborne department. After finishing a rigorous conditioning and training programme started two weeks ago, a lottery was made to decide the jumping order of the experimental paradropping platoon made up of volunteers.\n\nWhen the Douglas C-33 took off from Langley Airfield and finally was put into position to start the experiment, Second Lieutenant William T. Ryder became the first American Paratrooper after making his jump and landing near Fort Benning. The second man, however, refused to jump, and so the first enlisted man to become a paratrooper was Pvt. William N. \"Red\" King, and then the remaining 8 platoon members in the aircraft. After their touchdown, they quickly reached the rendezvous point and completed their exercise goals, making the experiment a success."
 united_states_events.608.a: "Start Scheduling New Jumps."

 united_states_events.609.t: "Formation of the First Paratrooper Divisions"
 united_states_events.609.d: "With the success of our scheduled mass jumps and with the blessing of General John C.H. Lee, the recently reopened Fort Eustis had begun taking volunteers for paratrooper units. While originally the high training standards and relatively high mortal risk initially caused few volunteers to show up, the high command authorised a triplication of the paratrooper wage as opposed to the foot soldier wage.\n\nSoon enough, the 501st Parachute Battalion was formed, quickly followed by other battalions and regiments. After a week recruitment, the number of volunteers was enough to form 5 paratrooper divisions for us to utilise. While these divisions still lack combat experience, this breakthrough in Airborne tactics should not be underestimated, and the High Command is looking forward to seeing their investment in these divisions pay off."
 united_states_events.609.a: "'Death from Above'"

 united_states_events.610.t: "Conservative Army Elements complain about the Creation of the USAAF"
 united_states_events.610.d: "With the decision from the Secretary of Defense to form the US Army Air Force, which in consequence granted huge autonomy to the Air Force Officers, many officers have spoken out against the reform.\n\nOne of the main points of contention is that, with the budget already pretty split between the Army and the Navy, the Army Air Force will now more than ever be a money sink that would be badly needed for the ground troops. Regardless of their heated complain letters to the war department, the decision has been made and reforms are ongoing, so there's no going back."
 united_states_events.610.a: "They'll have to Learn to Respect each other."

 united_states_events.611.t: "MacArthur Attacks the Navy"
 united_states_events.611.d: "With more and more government funding being diverted to the navy, Chief of Staff MacArthur has taken up a severe accusation to the Secretary of Defense: He believes the recent investments on the navy are part of a plot that he had discovered in the early 1930s where the Navy would dominate the Army in the field and just turn the Army into a subordinate garrison force.\n\nWhile the Secretary has managed to calm the General down and reassure him that the army's role in the battlefield will always come first, word of the meeting has gone out and many Admirals, including MacArthur's bitter rival Admiral Hart, are already sending letters asking for MacArthur's resignation.\n\nWhile the relations between MacArthur and navy have been bad for years, this is yet another sad example of how the inter-service rivalry has done nothing but grow in the last few years."
 united_states_events.611.a: "What's wrong with them? We won't win battles by bickering!"

 united_states_events.612.t: "McNair Releases Antimechanized Defense Combat Manual"
 united_states_events.612.d: "After nearly a decade of studies and compiling the analysis of recent conflicts both at home and abroad, General Lesley McNair has finally published the book Antimechanized Defense, where he explores the recent development on mechanised tactics and how to counter them.\n\nThe manual consists of seven chapters - the first titled \"General\" followed by six chapters describing employment of antitank units in various scenarios (during the advance, halts, the development of the battle, defensive manoeuvrers, retrograde movements, and offensive operations). The document highlights the specific capabilities of tanks that makes them a unique threat on a modern battlefield characterised by open warfare, like the tank's speed and mobility which, when combined with the lack of a stabilised front, increased the need to ensure protection of flanks and rear areas against armoured attacks.\n\nWhile officer trainees will loathe having another manual to read in the pile, this one is quickly turning into a must after the recent engagements."
 united_states_events.612.a: "Finally! A Book that will guide us to Victory!"

 united_states_events.613.t: "Chaffee Organises the Combat Commands"
 united_states_events.613.d: "The concept Chaffee first envisaged during his development mechanised tactics in the early 1930s was one where combined arms mechanised units would possess no formal structure. In order to present his idea more coherently to high command, he has recently written the \"Armored Force Tentative Table of Organisation\" where the Combat Command, as he describes it, should be flexible organisation that should not have dedicated battalions.\n\nInstead, tank, armoured infantry, and armoured field artillery battalions, as well as smaller units of tank destroyers, engineers, and mechanised cavalry have to be assigned as needed in order to accomplish any given mission. To achieve this, he wishes to split the armoured division into the combat commands named \"A\" for the main force, \"B\" for flank defence, and \"R\" for reserve units.\n\nWhile his concept is clearly inspired in the German \"Kampfgruppe\" concept, the High Command has received his idea with open arms and are starting to implement the new organisation system across the board as well as distributing the new manual to the field officers."
 united_states_events.613.a: "It seems that studying the Germans has paid off."

 united_states_events.614.t: "Release of the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet"
 united_states_events.614.d: "One of the major lessons from the civil war was the need to enhance the speed and clarity of our communications on the front line while not making our movements and organisation system obvious to the enemy. In order to create a consistent naming system, the Army and Navy had designated a commission from the Signal Corps to work on a new radio alphabet system for our men to use, and we finally have the results from their efforts.\n\nWith the publishing and distribution of the \"Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet\" manual, our new alphabet shall utilise the codewords: Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog, Easy, Fox, George, How, Item, Jig, King, Love, Mike, Nan, Oboe, Peter, Queen, Roger, Sugar, Tare, Uncle, Victor, William, X-ray, Yoke and Zebra.\n\nWhile similar radio systems have been developed for the Canadians and the Germans, the fact we have finally taken the task of standardising it means we are finally catching up with the lessons we missed in the Weltkrieg"
 united_states_events.614.a: "This will give us an Edge in Communications."

 united_states_events.615.t: "Adoption of the M1 Helmet"
 united_states_events.615.d: "Ever since the Weltkrieg proved that helmets were vital to protect the infantry from flying fragments of exploded ordnance, the American Army has utilised the British Mk I helmet designed by John L. Brodie, which gave it its current nickname. While adopted, the US never saw a need to mass produce it, and instead continued to buy the model from the British in the cheap during their depression in the early 1920s.\n\nWhile these helmets were effective at the time, our experience in the civil war has proven that even the Brodie is no longer suitable for modern combat and, as such, a research team was created under Major Harold G. Sydenham to look for alternatives. The research team concluded that by removing the Brodie's brim, by adding side pieces and earpiece, and by incorporating the suspension system into a separate inner liner, the new helmet could provide a protection the Brodie could never afford.\n\nThe original test item was known as the TS3, and it received a favourable report from the Infantry Board in the recent weeks. With the approval of the War Department, it will soon enter mass production to supply our rapidly growing army."
 united_states_events.615.a: "Glad we finally got rid of the Brodies."

 united_states_events.616.t: "The Victory Book Campaign"
 united_states_events.616.d: "As thousands of new recruits flood into training camps across the country, community librarians have recognised an opportunity to lend their support to our government. Individual libraries sponsored book drives to donate to their local military bases. In the last few months, members of the American Library Association met to discuss a plan for a coordinated nationwide drive to supply the troops with free books.\n\nThe ALA presented their idea to the United Service Organisations and The Red Cross, who have received their idea enthusiastically and begun setting up more than four hundred recreational clubs on the outskirts of military camps. The Red Cross wanted books to send to military hospitals, remote camps with no libraries, their overseas clubs, and prisoners of war. The two organisations decided to split the project's funding, while the ALA provided technical know-how and both began campaigning for government approval.\n\nWhile our military is reluctant of accepting donated books, there is a real need for entertainment for our soldiers in the field and Army high command decided to give its approval to the project."
 united_states_events.616.a: "Let's hope our soldiers enjoy it."

 united_states_events.617.t: "Cancellation of the Victory Book Campaign"
 united_states_events.617.d: "While the Victory Book Campaign has paved the way for institutions like the Council on Books in Wartime and the War Book Panel, the Campaign itself is beginning to draw criticism from the Army. Unfortunately, the Campaign was not well suited for combat units, as soldiers found the bulky hardcovers unsuitable for use in the field.\n\nMany of the books donated were deemed unfitting by the revision committees. Of the over 10 million books gathered last year, VBC staffers have discarded over half of them. While the goal of the VBC is still popular, the Army has ordered the VBC to close and has begun plans with the CBW to create a new programme to entertain our soldiers."
 united_states_events.617.a: "Something Ends, Something Begins."

 united_states_events.618.t: "Creation of the Armed Services Editions"
 united_states_events.618.d: "With the collaboration of the graphic artist H. Stanley Thompson and the publisher and CWB executive Malcolm Johnson, Army Chief Librarian Raymond Trautman proposed his idea of \"Armed Services Editions\": mass-produced paperbacks selected by a panel of literary experts from among classics, bestsellers, humour books and poetry. With the support of the Navy Chief Librarian Isabel DuBois, the project managed to reach the Army High Command.\n\nWhile the proposal was sound, a clause in Trautmant's proposal sparked controversy in the High Command Meeting. As he stated that all books should be, in all circumstances, acceptable to both services, and that works with \"Statements or attitudes offensive to our Allies, any religious or racial group, or not in accord 'with the spirit of American democracy'\" should be discarded.\n\nRegardless of the controversy that it caused, the Army and Navy high command have agreed to give the project the green light, with both branches offering their own printing presses and the funding to expand printing further if necessary."
 united_states_events.618.a: "Let's hope this time the Books Last."

 united_states_events.619.t: "Creation of a Sniper Program?"
 united_states_events.619.d: "With the harsh lessons in urban warfare we have been forced to learn, we've come to realise that our army is woefully unprepared to face a new danger of the battlefield: Enemy Snipers. While Snipers proved their usefulness during the Weltkrieg, the Army high command had never seen any reason to expand upon it as it was seen as a situational solution for the battlefields of Europe.\n\nHowever, fighting in the American mountains, cities and forests has proved that not only they were wrong, but also costed us dearly, as we lack the means to counter-act enemy sniper operations, let alone send off snipers of our own to eliminate High Value Targets. As such, a proposal has reached High Command to kickstart one similar to the Sniper training that Canada put their snipers through in the Weltkrieg."
 united_states_events.619.a: "The Proposal Passes."
 united_states_events.619.b: "The Proposal is Shut Down."

 united_states_events.620.t: "Sniper Selection"
 united_states_events.620.d: "With the first test group of snipers having left basic training, the question has been brought up. While the first test group was drawn from volunteers from all the US Army, there has been a significant performance difference between the Marine and Ranger volunteers compared to the regular army volunteers.\n\nAs such, both branches are contesting for the funding of the War Department to continue the Sniper Program, and we can only pick one. Which branch shall we support?"
 united_states_events.620.a: "Favour the Army's Rangers."
 united_states_events.620.b: "Favour the Navy's Marines."

 united_states_events.621.t: "Creation of the Office for Emergency Management"
 united_states_events.621.d: "With the outbreak of the civil war, the President has dispatched the creation via executive order of an office that functioned to assist the President in clearing information on immediate defence measures. With it, the Office for Emergency Management has been born to maintain liaison with national defence agencies and to coordinate the national defence programme, as well as keep both the Army and Navy in direct contact with the President.\n\nHowever, the mess of agencies, offices and commissions we have generated in the last few decades continues to grow, and many agree that our government should start looking into ways of reducing the amount of offices and increase the efficiency of existing ones."
 united_states_events.621.a: "For now, this will do."

 united_states_events.622.t: "Creation of the United States Office of War Information"
 united_states_events.622.d: "Due to a lack of a centralised government agency to work as a distributor of wartime information, civilian newspapers present news as they discover and interpret it, with different outlets overlapping their stories with slight variations and the public hardly knowing what is true and what is propaganda.\n\nAs such, and with permission of both the War Department and the President, the Office of War Information has been created to work as a connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. While many independent news outlets have expressed their concerns over a centralised agency becoming the sole distributor of wartime information, most experts agree that this is a necessary move."
 united_states_events.622.a: "They have nothing to fear, we shall spread only the truth!"

 united_states_events.623.t: "Changing the USAAC Roundel?"
 united_states_events.623.d: "With the outbreak of the American Civil War, the issue has been brought up that our air planes share the same air force patch as our enemies.\n\nWhile radio communication has allowed us so far to distinguish between friend and foe, reports of friendly fire and unexpected enemy attacks abound, and the Air Force officers have come with a proposal to change our roundel from the star symbol within a blue circle with a red dot in the middle to a different roundel so our anti air units may better differentiate our planes from the enemy's. What should we do?"
 united_states_events.623.a: "Let the enemy change it! This roundel is ours."
 united_states_events.623.b: "Change it."

 united_states_events.625.t: "The War Department Relocates to the Main Navy and Munitions Buildings"
 united_states_events.625.d: "With the Department of State leaving almost no room for the War Department to grow near the White House, the Secretary of War has authorised the War Department to move to a different location. It is to be to an ammunition warehouse provided by the navy. However, the warehouse is still too small the hold the ever growing War Department, with a new wing having been ordered to be constructed to accommodate newly employed staff.\n\nWe estimate that we will need a larger structure to consolidate the 24.000 workers in offices scattered among 17 separate sites, as well as a possible additional 10.000 or more new workers that we are planning to include soon as our nation falls into conflict."
 united_states_events.625.a: "'Tell the president we need more space!'"

 united_states_events.626.t: "McNair's Report on the State of the Army"
 united_states_events.626.d: "Under the High Command's orders, General McNair has compiled a report of all the major flaws our army possesses at the moment that we will need to solve if we wish to prevail against our enemies in the civil war. The major summary sent to the War Department lists the following issues:\n\n1. Obviously deficient training of small units and in minor tactics.\n2. Faulty employment of the infantry division and of its combat teams.\n3. Failure fully to appreciate the purpose of motor vehicles and exploit their capabilities.\n4. Inadequate reconnaissance and lack of contact between adjacent units.\n5. Inadequate support of infantry by division artillery.\n6. Faulty signal communications.\n7. Too passive employment of antitank guns.\n8. Improper employment of horse cavalry.\n9. Neglect of ammunition supply and evacuation of wounded.\n10. Unreal situations due to faulty umpiring.\n\nIn the same manner, other issues have been brought up by other officers in which they include shortages of qualified staff officers and commanders to fill all the staff roles and deficiencies in individual training that would delay the effectiveness of unit training."
 united_states_events.626.a: "We have to reform if we wish to prevail."

 united_states_events.627.t: "Construction of \"The Pentagon\""
 united_states_events.627.d: "With the shortcomings of the Main Navy and Munitions Buildings, the search for a more fitting permanent office space for the War Department has been ongoing for months already. First the military turned to the head of the Army's Construction Division, Brig. Gen. Brehon Burke Somervell.\n\nHe, in turn, tasked the chief of the design section, Lt. Col. Hugh J. Casey, to come up with a building that would fit a five-sided parcel of land that had been hastily purchased just below Arlington National Cemetery on the Virginia side of the Potomac River, which would house all the War Department's components. Originally the building was meant to be placed in a location known as the Arlington Farms, where the road shape resembles a Pentagon, which has forced the architect team to adapt the design to said geographic space. Many in the Department, however are questioning if positioning the building between the cemetery, which by all means is considered hallowed ground for every American, and the stunning view of Washington, D.C. is really appropriate, and two new locations have been proposed for the construction.\n\nUnfortunately, the requests for the materials have already been designed to accommodate a pentagonal shape, so even if we were to change the building location, the building will still be made in that shape, but we still need to decide where should the Pentagon be."
 united_states_events.627.a: "Keep it in Arlington's Experimental Farm."
 united_states_events.627.b: "Put it in front of Arlington Cemetery."
 united_states_events.627.c: "Use the now-useless Hoover Field site."

 united_states_events.628.t: "War Department Moves into the Pentagon"
 united_states_events.628.d: "While the construction of the Pentagon is still ongoing, the War Department has decided to move to the incomplete building, so as to not have to share space with the Navy staff anymore.\n\nEven though the building isn't even yet complete, a new expansion of the now lovingly called \"Pentagon\" has already been authorised, and of the 5 wings, the 3 remaining ones to be built shall have bigger offices to accommodate the War Department's staff."
 united_states_events.628.a: "Let's hope this is the last Expansion."

 united_states_events.629.t: "Pentagon is Finished"
 united_states_events.629.d: "With the final wing finally finished, the War Department has finally found its own home and the building now sports a reinforced concrete structure, using 680,000 tons of sand dredged from the Potomac River and Indiana limestone for the building's façade.\n\nIt occupies 28.7 acres (116,000 m2), and includes an additional 5.1 acres (21,000 m2) as a central courtyard, with the hallways being so large that messengers are being issued with roller skates and bikes to speed up messaging between offices."
 united_states_events.629.a: "Our National Defense better be Assured from now on..."

 united_states_events.650.t: "Trial of the Federalist Generals"
 united_states_events.650.APG: "With the civil war now over, and our enemies at our mercy, the Army has finally begun the trials against the Federalist generals. While some generals have fled into exile, the generals who were caught are now waiting for the verdict of the military tribunal. However, despite what the public believes, it's not as easy to carry out the trials as it was originally anticipated. Most trialled generals don't have any particular record of unnecessary violence, and even those that do can still claim they were following orders. Among them, the most controversial one so far is Dwight Eisenhower.\n\nWhile Fox Conner appeals to his innocence, there's no denying that in America's darkest hour, he and many others who followed him ended up on the wrong side of history out of their own volition. While some of the captured generals have sworn to quit even if forgiven, there are other men who have pledged to defend the new America if they are forgiven, so long as we commit to defending the ideals America stands for, but in the end, the final decision rests with the jury..."
 united_states_events.650.ACC: "With the civil war now over, and our enemies at our mercy, the Army has finally begun the trials against the Federalist generals. While some generals have fled into exile, the generals who were caught are now waiting for the verdict of the military tribunal. However, despite what the public believes, it's not as easy to carry out the trials as it was originally anticipated. Most trialled generals don't have any particular record of unnecessary violence, and even those that do can still claim they were following orders.\n\nDuring the trials, Marshall has sent to the government a list of high ranking individuals who he thinks are worthy and capable enough for rehabilitation, with ample evidence exonerating mainly General Eisenhower and Bradley as cases of \"Due obedience\". Despite request and the evidence he provides, there's no denying that in America's darkest hour, they and many others who followed them ended up on the wrong side of history out of their own volition. While some of the captured generals have sworn to quit even if forgiven, there are other men who have pledged to defend the America we saved if they are forgiven, but the final decision rests with the jury..."
 united_states_events.650.a: "Spare them."
 united_states_events.650.b: "Discharge them."
 united_states_events.650.c: "Exile is the only thing the traitors deserve!"

 united_states_events.651.t: "Trial of the Unionist Generals"
 united_states_events.651.USA: "With the civil war now over, and our enemies at our mercy, the Army has finally begun the trials against the Unionist generals. While some generals have fled into exile, the generals who were caught are now waiting for the verdict of the military tribunal. However, despite what the public believes, it's not as easy to carry out the trials as it was originally anticipated. Most trialled generals don't have any particular record of unnecessary violence, and even those that do can still claim they were following orders.\n\nDuring the trials, and to the surprise of High Command, General Eisenhower has spoken in favour of absolution for his past colleagues, citing the strange circumstances of their defection and their ultimate loyalty towards the American people as evidence of their innocence. Despite his defence, the judges believe that he may be biased in the case as he was known to be friends with Patton and his subordinates before the civil war, and there's no denying that in America's darkest hour, they and many others who followed them ended up on the wrong side of history out of their own volition. While some of the captured generals have sworn to quit even if forgiven, there are other men who have pledged to defend the America we saved if they are forgiven, but the final decision rests with the jury..."
 united_states_events.651.ACC: "With the civil war now over, and our enemies at our mercy, the Army has finally begun the trials against the Unionist generals. While some generals have fled into exile, the generals who were caught are now waiting for the verdict of the military tribunal. However, despite what the public believes, it's not as easy to carry out the trials as it was originally anticipated. Most trialled generals don't have any particular record of unnecessary violence, and even those that do can still claim they were following orders.\n\nDuring the trials, Marshall has sent to the government a list of high ranking individuals who he thinks are worthy and capable enough for rehabilitation, with ample evidence exonerating mainly General Danford as a case of \"due obedience\". Despite request and the evidence he provides, there's no denying that in America's darkest hour, They and many others who followed them ended up on the wrong side of history out of their own volition. While some of the captured generals have sworn to quit even if forgiven, there are other men who have pledged to defend the America we saved if they are forgiven, but the final decision rests with the jury..."
 united_states_events.651.a: "Spare them."
 united_states_events.651.b: "Discharge them."
 united_states_events.651.c: "Exile is the only thing the traitors deserve!"

 united_states_events.652.t: "Trial of the Constitutionalist Generals"
 united_states_events.652.APG: "With the civil war now over, and our enemies at our mercy, the Army has finally begun the trials against the Constitutionalist generals. While some generals have fled into exile, the generals who were caught are now waiting for the verdict of the military tribunal. However, despite what the public believes, it's not as easy to carry out the trials as it was originally anticipated. Most trialled generals don't have any particular record of unnecessary violence, and even those that do can still claim they were following orders.\n\nDuring the trials, and to the surprise of High Command, General Danford has spoken in favour of absolution for their past colleagues, citing the strange circumstances of their defection and their ultimate loyalty towards the American people as evidence of their innocence. Despite their defence, there's no denying that in America's darkest hour, they and many others who followed them ended up on the wrong side of history out of their own volition. While some of the captured generals have sworn to quit even if forgiven, there are other men who have pledged to defend the new America if they are forgiven, but the final decision rests with the jury..."
 united_states_events.652.USA: "With the civil war now over, and our enemies at our mercy, the Army has finally begun the trials against the Constitutionalist generals. While some generals have fled into exile, the generals who were caught are now waiting for the verdict of the military tribunal. However, despite what the public believes, it's not as easy to carry out the trials as it was originally anticipated. Most trialled generals don't have any particular record of unnecessary violence, and even those that do can still claim they were following orders.\n\nDuring the trials, and to the surprise of High Command, General Eisenhower has spoken in favour of absolution for his past colleagues, specifically George Marshall, citing the great services they rendered before the civil war, strange circumstances of their defection and their ultimate loyalty towards the American Constitution as evidence of their innocence. Despite his defence, the judges believe that he may be biased in the case as he was known to be friends with Marshall and his subordinates before the civil war, and there's no denying that in America's darkest hour, they and many others who followed them ended up on the wrong side of history out of their own volition. While some of the captured generals have sworn to quit even if forgiven, there are other men who have pledged to defend the America we saved if they are forgiven, but the final decision rests with the jury..."
 united_states_events.652.a: "Spare them."
 united_states_events.652.b: "Discharge them."
 united_states_events.652.c: "Exile is the only thing the traitors deserve!"

 united_states_events.653.t: "Exiled Federalist Generals Volunteer for our Cause!"
 united_states_events.653.d: "After a series of trials, the \"new American\" government has decided that they were better off without the generals who stood up for the Federal government, and this generals have been unfairly exiled from their own nation.\n\nWith most of them having a West Point background, we have managed to contact them, and with hardly any convincing, they have decided to join our cause and fight for a free America against all odds!"
 united_states_events.653.a: "Glory Glory Hallelujah!"

 united_states_events.654.t: "Exiled Pacific Generals Volunteer for our Cause!"
 united_states_events.654.d: "After a series of trials, the \"new American\" government has decided that they were better off without the generals who stood up for the Federal government, and this generals have been unfairly exiled from their own nation.\n\nWith most of them having a West Point background, we have managed to contact them, and with hardly any convincing, they have decided to join our cause and fight for a free America against all odds!"
 united_states_events.654.a: "Glory Glory Hallelujah!"

### Foreign Policy

 united_states_events.655.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Joins Our War"
 united_states_events.655.d: "While the foreign invasion of our territory has caused understandable consternation to both our government and people, we are joined in our concern by our southern neighbour. Although Anglo-Saxon ties have waned since the turn of the century, and the Monroe Doctrine is not what it once was, [FROM.Capital.GetCapitalVictoryPointName] is in no wise prepared to let their northern border become a hostile one. Accordingly, they have given our syndicalist enemies an ultimatum - end all hostilities with the British Empire and her allies, or face war with [FROM.GetNameDef]. The syndicalist warmongers have naturally refused, and as such we are now co-belligerents with [FROM.GetName]."
 united_states_events.655.a: "Marvellous!"

 united_states_events.656.t: "War in the North"
 united_states_events.656.d: "When John Quincy Adams drafted the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, he was fearful of renewed monarchical imperialism in Latin America by the Holy Alliance. Now, however, North America faces a totally different threat - revolutionary leftism. Syndicalist troops have landed on Canadian shores, and many worry they will soon be landing on ours, whatever course of action we take now.\n\nIn an effort to forestall this, and to re-assert some of our lost authority in the Western Hemisphere, we have given the syndicalists twelve hours to end all hostilities with the British Empire. [INT.GetName] has refused immediately - even going so far as to raid our embassy in their capital - thereby forcing the might of America to stand with their Anglophone brethren in a war for our very survival."
 united_states_events.656.a: "Canada must not fall to the Red Menace!"

 united_states_events.657.t: "The Americans Intervene on Our Side"
 united_states_events.657.d: "The Americans have long held dominion over the Western Hemisphere, and while that was shaken during their civil war the Americans have not forgotten their pledge to protect the free nations of the Americas.\n\nWith the recent syndicalist invasion of Canada itself, the Americans have entered the war on our side. While they remain unwilling to join our alliance formally, they will doubtless still be a powerful friend."
 united_states_events.657.a: "Excellent!"

 united_states_events.658.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Delivers Ultimatum"
 united_states_events.658.d: "The Americans have long held dominion over the Western Hemisphere, forcing the nations of Central and South America to follow their lead and do their bidding. Now that our liberation of Canada has finally commenced, the [FROM.GetAdjective] ambassador has informed the [INT.GetAdjective] government that they have twelve hours to abandon their invasion of Canada.\n\nIt was immediately refused, and accordingly the Americans have declared war on [INT.GetName], which has called all its allies into the conflict. We are now at war with America."
 united_states_events.658.a: "Then we shall defeat them, too."

 united_states_events.660.t: "[FROM.GetNameDefCap] Demands the Panama Canal"
 united_states_events.660.d: "With the civil war now over, [From.GetNameDef] has decided to ask for the return of the Panama Canal. We had seized it to protect our interests, but with [From.GetNameDef]'s victory in the civil war, they - as the claimant to American legitimacy - are asking for the Panama Canal to be returned.\n\nTheir ambassador has stressed that war is rather likely if we refuse. What shall our response be?"
 united_states_events.660.a: "We shall return it."
 united_states_events.660.b: "We shall not return it."

 united_states_events.661.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Returns the Canal"
 united_states_events.661.d: "[From.GetNameDefCap] has returned the Panama Canal back to [Root.GetNameDef]."
 united_states_events.661.a: "God Bless America."

 united_states_events.662.t: "[From.GetNameDefCap] Refuses"
 united_states_events.662.d: "[From.GetNameDefCap] has refused to return the Canal to us, what shall our position be?"
 united_states_events.662.a: "Let's not risk war."
 united_states_events.662.b: "War it shall be."

### New Intro Events
 united_states_leadup_events.0.t: "The Second Session of the 74th Congress"
 united_states_leadup_events.0.d: "The coming of January marks the return of the 74th Congress from its annual recess. As Senators and Representatives return to Washington from their home states, the narrow Democratic majority in both houses prepares the President's administrative agenda, in what will be Al Smith's final year in office.\n\nLast year, the administration racked up several important legislative accomplishments, such as the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Act and the National Labor Arbitration and Enforcement Act. One initiative which eluded passage however was the newest version of the Social Security bill. Denounced by the left as insufficient in the face of systemic depression, and the right as government overreach, we had immense difficulty cobbling together a majority for the bill last year, particularly with the Democratic losses of the 1934 midterms.\n\nThe President has made his desire to see through the passage of the Social Security bill in the new session abundantly clear. The creation of an old age benefits system would represent one last substantial victory for the administration, and would undercut the rhetoric of Smith's political opponents both within and outside of the Democratic Party. Both the Farmer-Labor Party and Huey Long have emphasised the need for a system of old-age pensions, so the passage of the act would go a long way towards disarming one of their key policy appeals."
 united_states_leadup_events.0.a: "Let's get this done."

 united_states_leadup_events.1.t: "Reed Denounces Congress"
 united_states_leadup_events.1.d: "The most vocal denunciations of Congress in its current state has not come from either the administration or the mainstream Republican opposition. Since his election to Congress in 1932, Socialist Party Chairman and congressional caucus leader John Reed has vociferously denounced the institution to which he is elected. Denouncing \"bourgeois parliamentarism\" as a mere facade for the rule of Wall Street and big business, Reed calls for government \"by the industrial unions and workers' councils\", on the lines of the European syndicalist states.\n\nReed's rhetoric is nothing new. Such phrasing has been commonly espoused by and associated with him since his first bid for the Presidency in 1924. The popularity of him and his party however has only grown through the hard years of the Depression, particularly with the recent stalling of initiatives such as the President's Social Security bill.\n\nReed however must walk a tightrope. Despite the public face of unity his leadership provides, his party is anything but homogenous. The ousting of the party's Executive Secretary, Reed ally James P. Cannon, and his replacement with factional centrist Will Weinstone in May 1932 is the most recent public example of this. Though Reed's rhetoric remains radical, it is the moderates in the party, such as Norman Thomas, who are key to maintaining the party's relationship with Farmer-Labor, with Thomas already being speculated as a potential candidate for President later this year.\n\nAs part of the conditions for the Socialist Party's affiliation with Farmer-Labor, though Socialist candidates are elected on the Farmer-Labor ballot line, they are only observers in the Farmer-Labor caucus in Congress. Instead, they sit in their own caucus, bound to the decisions of the party's national executive. The Socialists have complete freedom of action, even while benefiting from running under a more electable ballot line."
 united_states_leadup_events.1.a: "Can't he see we're trying?"

 united_states_leadup_events.2.t: "Long Speaks On the Social Security Bill"
 united_states_leadup_events.2.d: "With all the buzz surrounding the Social Security bill on Capitol Hill, it was inevitable that Louisiana Senator Huey Long would make his view on the proposed legislation widely known. A scathing critic of the President Smith since his entry into national politics four years ago, Senator Long has galvanised opposition to the administration within the Democratic Party from both the economically interventionist and isolationist western wing of the party, as well as, in recent months, the reactionary and populist southern elements, which were impressed by Long's opposition to the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Act.\n\nThough Long is known for his forceful opinions and colourful rhetoric, his response to the proposed legislation has been more muted than expected. A well known supporter of old-age pensions on the national level, Long has not come out in outright opposition to the bill. He has however criticised the scale of the proposed program, decrying the proposed payments as grossly inadequate, as well as its proposed administration by the states, which he denounces as prone to abuse - perhaps an attempt to appeal to African-Americans. Long has instead advocated for the adoption of the model proposed by Dr. Francis Townsend, as well as his own \"Share Our Wealth\" scheme.\n\nThe Townsend Plan proposes monthly payments of 200 dollars to all retired non-criminal Americans over the age of 60, conditional on the money being spent within 30 days to stimulate the economy. The proposed payments, substantially higher than those provided for by the Social Security bill, as well as the spending requirement, are thought to be likely to stimulate economic growth and inflation, both of which are desired by Long. The Share Our Wealth program would similarly hand 2000 dollars to all American families every year, a policy criticised as economically unfeasible but that has nonetheless gained widespread support in the struggling south and west.\n\nRegardless, Long's lack of outright opposition to the bill is a good sign for its prospects. The threat of an immediate split in the Democratic caucus over the issue has subsided, and we can focus on bringing Republicans and moderate Farmer-Laborites on board."
 united_states_leadup_events.2.a: "We'll take what we can get, I suppose."

 united_states_leadup_events.3.t: "Social Security Dies in Committee"
 united_states_leadup_events.3.d: "The recent crash on the New York Stock exchange has sent Washington into a panic. With Wall Street continuing to tumble, fears of a return to the darkest days of 1928 have aroused a deep sense of dread among lawmakers and allies of the administration. With conditions in Europe appearing far more severe than during the recession of 1931, and trade barriers flying up once more, it appears as if the period of recovery that has characterised Smith's second term has come to a sudden halt.\n\nAs lawmakers scramble to put together a response, the first major victim of the crash appears to be what was once meant to be the crowning jewel of the President's final year in office: the Social Security bill. As Congress' priorities have rapidly shifted elsewhere, the Senate has voted to table the bill, even as it appeared to be on the verge of passage in the House just a week ago, essentially killing it for the foreseeable future. With the main piece of the President's legislative agenda dead on arrival, the path forward for the administration seems unclear and tumultuous."
 united_states_leadup_events.3.a: "This has not been a great week..."

 united_states_leadup_events.4.t: "Modern Times"
 united_states_leadup_events.4.d: "Since the 1895 screening of the first ever motion picture in the United States at New York City's Koster & Bial's Theater, the cinema industry has exploded in popularity. This has particularly been the case since beginning of the 1920s, and the growth of the industry has, surprisingly, been almost entirely unaffected by America's economic woes since 1925. This morning, the headlines shout of the screening of yet another film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplain, Modern Times. As his final planned film including the \"Little Tramp\" character, the film has been interpreted differently depending on the commentator, particularly in such a divisive and hostile political environment. However, the central theme is clear for all to see. Chaplin, as the \"Little Tramp\", viciously satirizes modern life in the United States, particularly the banal and monotonous nature of day to day life, as well as the seeming powerlessness of the average American.\n\nWhile the film has largely been lauded by the press as a hit and advancement in the complexity of set-pieces and cinematography, there have been detractors, particularly among the American right, who have criticized the film as socialist and syndicalist propaganda. Meanwhile, the American left have embraced this narrative; that Chaplain has endorsed the socialist movement, and began to push this in their own propaganda. Overall, though, most people - critics, editors, and the general public - who have seen the film so far have treated it as largely apolitical, and used it as an excuse to, perhaps ironically, escape the constant strain, stress, and banality of the current national crisis."
 united_states_leadup_events.4.a: "Can't we just sit down and enjoy something instead of making everything political?"

 united_states_leadup_events.5.t: "The Blame Game"
 united_states_leadup_events.5.d: "The recent panic in Congress has greatly exacerbated the woes the Administration has faced in its second term. Ever since Smith's election in 1928, the Democratic Party has consistently declined in popularity, seeing its congressional majorities whittled down to threadbare margins. The flurry of stabilising legislation that stopped the bleeding in 1929 has slowed to a crawl, so the President has little to show for his second term. Worse still, the Democratic Party is on the verge of tearing itself apart. Huey Long has intensified attacks on President Smith, transparently plotting to find an angle with which to run for President later this year.\n\nWith Black Monday spreading across the Atlantic, Congress appears paralysed. Social Security is dead, and the major parties struggle to find consensus, as Farmer-Labor and the Longists reap the rewards of seven years of generally conservative government. The Hearst papers have continued their long running feud with the President as well, a rivalry active since Smith attacked Hearst in 1919. Hearst comes just short of openly calling for Douglas MacArthur to march on Washington and establish a dictatorship. Such words are finding receptive ears among men imminently about to lose their fortunes, as leading firms are seemingly destined for bankruptcy in the next few months, if not weeks.\n\nWith the progress of the past seven years seemingly falling apart around him, President Smith has met with his cabinet to discuss the steps that must be taken to save the nation's economy once more. Cordell Hull, the Secretary of State, called for the President to further lower trade barriers, while Vice President Joe T. Robinson proposed to push forward with emergency legislative action. Hull, as well as Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, among the more popular members of the administration, and finally Huey Long, an oft-mentioned name with regards to the Democratic nomination, seconded Robinson's proposal, which was then accepted by the President. With the aid of his Vice President, an experienced wheeler-and-dealer with enduring connections in the Senate, President Smith has called a special session of Congress to pass emergency relief legislation."
 united_states_leadup_events.5.a: "Let's hope to God it's enough."

 united_states_leadup_events.6.t: "Rubber Workers on Strike"
 united_states_leadup_events.6.d: "As the economic situation has continued to deteriorate, labor militancy has skyrocketed across the United States. On the morning of the 14th, the city of Akron, Ohio came to a virtual standstill after approximately 10,000 workers and sympathetic citizens went on strike in the country's largest rubber plant: the Goodwin Tire Factory. This sudden action was in response to company plans to lay off hundreds of workers and slash the wages of the remainder by upwards of 50% in order to adjust for losses inflicted by Black Monday.\n\nBefore the city's citizens or the strikers were prepared, the local deputies and an associated organisation of thugs and paramilitaries, the so-called 'Law and Order League', fell on the lot. While hand-to-hand combat raged for the first half hour, the frustrated deputies began to draw their pistols, and fired into the crowd at point-blank range. Enraged, sympathetic citizens and unionists similarly armed themselves, and before either side knew it, a full-blown battle for the city had broken out.\n\nThough the scuffle was brief, it quickly sent shockwaves through the community. The people of Akron, some of whom were horrified at how quickly the situation had spiralled out of control, agreed with the local unionists to stand down, in exchange for blanket pardons for all those whom were involved. Nevertheless, unions nationwide, even those affiliated with the comparatively moderate AFL, have taken this outbreak of violence as a warning. Across the country, particularly in the steel belt, paramilitary activity led by local Red Guards and other socialist-led organisations has spiked as unions play host to military-style training. Calls among anti-socialist hardliners for decisive action to disarm and even dismantle unions have increased, but thus far have gone unheeded by either federal or state authorities."
 united_states_leadup_events.6.a: "It's 1877 all over again!"

 united_states_leadup_events.7.t: "West Virginia Abolishes Term Limits"
 united_states_leadup_events.7.d: "Since John Reed shocked the nation by winning the state in the election of 1928, West Virginia has been a stronghold of the Socialist Party. Though the party's hold on the state was tenuous (with them narrowly losing the Senate seat up in 1930), through the 1930s the party has gradually tightened its grasp over the red bastion. It has enacted pro-union policies, partnered with the IWW mining union to build up a reliable pro-SPA patronage system, and brought certain industries and utilities into state ownership. Since Socialist J.H. Snider was elected Governor in 1928, the SPA has gradually increased its share of both state houses, gaining a majority in the House of Delegates in 1930 and the Senate in 1932.\n\n1932 also marked a changing of the guard. Governor Snider, a moderate ally of Norman Thomas' faction of the party, was term-limited, and replaced as governor by radical Miles Stone, who hews closer to the line of party leadership. Under Stone, the party has further solidified its grip over the state, bringing itself into alignment with the IWW and winning a two-thirds majority in both houses of the state legislature in 1934. This enabled the Socialist Party to amend the state constitution, overriding the few remaining legal checks available to anti-socialist forces in the state.\n\nThe most recent amendment affects Governor Stone most directly. Under West Virginia's constitution, governors are limited to a single consecutive term. With a special session of the state legislature, however, that section has been rewritten to allow Governor Stone to run for re-election. The amendment represents a clear step towards further SPA dominance over the state, a process further exemplified by the decision of Congressman Robert L. Hogg, the last remaining non-Socialist in the state's house delegation, not to run for re-election. With Robert L. Hogg's imminent departure, and Senator Mathew M. Neely's re-election looking ever more unlikely, it appears as if the Socialists will soon have uncontested control over the state's congressional delegation."
 united_states_leadup_events.7.a: "Syndicalist \"democracy\" in action."

 united_states_leadup_events.8.t: "The Great St. Patrick's Day Flood"
 united_states_leadup_events.8.d: "When it rains, it pours - unfortunately for the United States, this is to be taken both metaphorically and literally. The winter of 1935-36 has seen extremely heavy snowfall, even by the standards of the northeast. Widespread melting has already clogged infrastructure and caused some limited flooding, although to date it was nothing that the locals couldn't handle.\n\nOver the past week, however, this situation has become catastrophic; unusually heavy rainstorms, starting on March 9th and continuing unabated, has triggered flooding from Maine to Maryland, and even sections of northern Virginia. This situation has been made even worse by the outdated nature of civilian infrastructure, as dams, bridges, and overpasses have been destroyed, while roads and entire cities have been inundated. In just one day, from 18-19 March, sections of the Northeast saw as much as 10 inches of rainfall. Approximately 300,000 people have been rendered homeless, and an estimated 100 million dollars in damages has been inflicted upon the populace.\n\nThe already-chaotic economic situation has worsened, and both leftist and rightist radicals have used this as another example of the callousness and “cold indifference” of the American government to the suffering of the people. To most Americans, it is simply another sign that the country will continue its spiral into depression and helplessness, as well as radicalism and violence."
 united_states_leadup_events.8.a: "Isn't this just an average day in New England?"

 united_states_leadup_events.9.t: "Long Campaigns for the Democratic Nomination"
 united_states_leadup_events.9.d: "Attacks on President Smith from the Republicans and the far left was to be expected, but perhaps the most damning evidence of the administration's unpopularity is the growing chorus of denunciation by his own party. Leading the charge is Huey Long, the fiery southern populist, who has whipped up many southern and western Democrats into a frenzy while gunning for the Democratic nomination.\n\nIn one of his most memorable speeches, apparently given multiple times, he compares the Democratic and Republican parties to an old patent medicine drummer coming to town with a banjo and two bottles of medicine, one called High Popalorum and Low Popahirum:\n\n\"Finally somebody around there said is there any difference in these bottles of medicines? 'Oh,' [the drummer] said, 'considerable. They're both good but they're different,' he said. 'That High Popalorum is made from the bark off the tree that we take from the top down. And that Low Popahirum is made from the bark that we take from the root up.'\n\nAnd the only difference that I have found between the Democratic leadership and the Republican leadership was that one of 'em was skinning you from the ankle up and the other from the ear down - when I got to Congress.\"\n\nThese open attacks on the political establishment have tapped into a growing disenchantment with the American political system, and spell ill-tidings for the 1936 Democratic Campaign as a whole. With the party fracturing and many already jumping ship, one has to wonder if the Democratic establishment will even be a political force by November."
 united_states_leadup_events.9.a: "Is it wrong that I laughed a little?"

 united_states_leadup_events.10.t: "Funding for Mt. Rushmore"
 united_states_leadup_events.10.d: "For the third time since 1927, a grant request has been put forward in Congress to allocate federal funding to the long-stalled 'Shrine of Democracy' project: a plan to carve four collossal statues into the face of Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. The brainchild of local historian Doane Robinson and famed sculptor Gutzon Borglum - the creator of Georgia's colossal 'Shrine to the Confederacy' - Robinson originally intended for the carvings to depict towering figures of the American West such as Lewis & Clark, Red Cloud, Sacagaewa, John C. Fremont, and Crazy Horse, but Borglum instead favoured commemorating four of America's most influential Presidents, settling on George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln.\n\nThe two men and their supporters argue that the project will not only help the local economy, but also have a psychological impact on our flailing nation, revitalizing faith in the future. In addition to this, the Department of the Interior has received a letter from Lakota chief Henry Standing Bear, offering to turn over 900 acres of his own land in order to get a carving of Crazy Horse added to the project.\n\nAs such, we are faced with three possibilities: to finance the work at Mount Rushmore, to take up Henry Standing Bear's deal and include Crazy Horse alongside the Presidents, or to simply reject the proposal and allocate the funds elsewhere."
 united_states_leadup_events.10.a: "Allocate funds for Mount Rushmore."
 united_states_leadup_events.10.b: "Allocate funds for both statues."
 united_states_leadup_events.10.c: "In this economy? I don't think so."

 united_states_leadup_events.11.t: "The Tupelo-Gainesville Tornado Outbreak"
 united_states_leadup_events.11.d: "The southeastern United States is no stranger to natural disasters. The Great Mississippi flood struck at the first height of the Great Depression, leaving hundreds of thousands homeless and partially resulting in the election of Huey Long as Governor of Louisiana. In a year featuring numerous severe weather events, the south has yet again found itself as a central victim.\n\nAcross the southeast an outbreak of 14 different tornadoes has wreaked havoc between Arkansas and South Carolina. The towns of Tupelo, Mississippi, and Gainesville, Georgia, have been the most severely affected locations: in total, over 200 people died in each town due to powerful tornadoes.\n\nIn Tupelo, a tornado swept through residential areas, tearing apart buildings and killing and injuring countless families. Gainesville meanwhile saw its tornado hit the Cooper Pants Factory, collapsing the building and causing a fire which killed as many as 125 workers trapped on the top floor.\n\nAll told, over 400 people have died in the outbreak (mainly concentrated in Tupelo and Gainesville), and the tornadoes have also caused over 10 million dollars in property damage. In the aftermath of the disaster, President Smith has announced his intention to visit the affected area, though it is unlikely that his presence will be warmly received. In any case, federal aid will be arriving shortly in the affected areas, which will hopefully begin the process of healing for these communities."
 united_states_leadup_events.11.a: "Another tragedy this year."

 united_states_leadup_events.12.t: "Mr. Deeds Goes To Town"
 united_states_leadup_events.12.d: "The cinema has been one of the few consistent joys available to average Americans throughout the Great Depression. Comedies and light entertainment have maintained consistent popularity, remaining profitable in spite of the decreasing purchasing power of middle class and working Americans.\n\nWith the collapse in Berlin not yet having reached most Americans' pocketbooks, many are in the mood for a good time. Frank Capra's “Mr. Deeds Goes to Town”, starring Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur, offers exactly that. A screwball romantic comedy about a Vermont eccentric who unexpectedly falls into possession of a massive fortune, the film is a morality tale, as Cooper's Longfellow Deeds character learns to give as he has gained.\n\nThough the simple moral message is seemingly uncontroversial, some critics have pondered the political implications of the message in our times. Deeds' plan to give homeless families 2000 free 10-acre farms has been noted as being in tune with the sort of idyllic pastoral populism that has commonly appeared in American political history, and now finds its champion in Louisiana Senator Huey Long.\n\nIn any case, the film has quickly become Capra's most successful film yet. In these troubled times, the simple eccentricity of a man such as Longfellow Deeds appeals to many Americans."
 united_states_leadup_events.12.a: "I can't blame them."

 united_states_leadup_events.13.t: "The Kingfish Escapes Assassination"
 united_states_leadup_events.13.d: "A miracle, some have called it; and others, a tragedy. Huey P. Long, a clear rival to President Smith for the Democratic nomination this year, has survived an assassination attempt in Baton Rouge just outside the Louisiana State Capitol Building. Fred Weiss, a disgruntled associate, opened fire at point-blank range as Long and his entourage exited the building down a corridor, but incredibly, the gun jammed. As a result Long's hand-picked bodyguards emptied their firearms into Weiss. He was struck more than 60 times, even after falling to the floor.\n\nAlmost immediately, conspiracy theories have spread like wildfire across the United States. Long himself has intentionally inflated the idea that his enemies among the dominant two-party system had arranged the attempt. As political violence becomes normalized, a worrying trend in American politics since Black Monday: a failure of faith in the fundamental soundness of civic institutions. Despite tough times in the past, a constant has always been a core belief that these civic institutions, such as the media, Congress, Courts, and others, genuinely worked for the people, albeit flawed. No longer. It seems now that people only want to believe in what they want to hear, making it impossible for the government to re-establish any degree of credibility among the population at large, creating a vicious feedback cycle of constant radicalization, distrust, and clashing narratives. Political hatred seems well on its way to be the norm, rather than the exception."
 united_states_leadup_events.13.a: "But...it can't happen here!"

 united_states_leadup_events.14.t: "Public Enemy Number One Captured!"
 united_states_leadup_events.14.d: "J. Edgar Hoover and his FBI have once again made the headlines with the capture of Alvin \"Creepy\" Karpis in New Orleans. Hoover, who had led the transformation of the Bureau of Investigation into the modern Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), successfully secured federal jurisdiction over robberies conducted over state lines. With crime rates soaring amid the Great Depression, this allowed the FBI to be on the forefront of the \"War on Crime\", arresting or killing infamous criminals such as John Dillinger, Charles Arthur \"Pretty Boy\" Floyd, and George \"Machine Gun Kelly\" Barnes.\n\nAlvin Karpis is of Lithuanian descent, beginning his life of crime at age ten. While detained at Kansas State Penitentiary, he met Fred Barker of the \"Bloody Barkers\" family, and together they formed the Karpis-Barker gang. Karpis, said to have a photographic memory, was reported to be the mastermind behind the gang that achieved infamy for slaying a Sheriff, a string of high profile abductions, and several major shootouts with the law.\n\nKarpis became the fourth \"Public Enemy Number One\", after Dillinger, Floyd, and \"Baby Face Nelson\" (Lester Joseph Gillis) were killed by the FBI. Despite the public attention, he successfully pulled off a train robbery in Ohio last year, and rumors spread (possibly by Hoover himself) that he vowed to kill Hoover to avenge his fallen gang members. After many tips failed to materialise, one led to a successful ambush that has effectively made Hoover's name synonymous with law enforcement.\n\nThat is no accident. Hoover's greatest strength is manipulating public perception, firing agents that \"looked stupid like truck drivers\" and embracing modern forensic sciences to build a slick, modern image. It is said that becoming a \"G-Man\" is more difficult than being accepted into Harvard. Capricious and paranoid, with Karpis's arrest the age of the \"Big-Name\" criminal is over. Now, Hoover turns to the growing radical movements into the United States."
 united_states_leadup_events.14.a: "Wouldn't want to be on their bad side..."

 united_states_leadup_events.15.t: "May Day Violence"
 united_states_leadup_events.15.d: "May Day is said to be the start of summer, and if so the Summer of 1936 is bound to be a difficult one. The Socialist Party of America and IWW organised International Workers' Day events on May 1st, drawing considerable anti-leftist attacks across the nation. Pro and anti-socialist mobs swarmed against each other in major cities, leaving many severely injured and several dead.\n\nNearly a week later, with the recent events in Harlan County having thrown yet more fuel onton the fire, tensions refuse to abate, as John Reed and the rest of the SPA leadership have refused to denounce the violence and vowed never to back down. They claim that Federal and local authorities have largely turned a blind eye to violence towards leftist activists, but have clamped down harshly on their peaceful attempts to organise.\n\nPerhaps more concerning however is Huey Long's statement actively calling for patriots around the country to take arms and be the new \"Minutemen\" against tyranny. Invoking the memories of the Revolutionary War militias that formed the bulk of the early Continental Army, so named for their ability to mobilise in under a minute, Long's words have given legitimacy to many disorganised but armed groups in America.\n\nWorse of all however, is that the spiral violence does not appear to be fully contained even as local national guards and police forces have been deployed. Harlan County remains in crisis, and small scale clashes continue around the country long after May Day itself."
 united_states_leadup_events.15.a: "This may be a very long summer indeed..."

 united_states_leadup_events.16.t: "The Farm Crisis"
 united_states_leadup_events.16.d: "Since the end of the European War, US agriculture has been in a state of perpetual economic crisis. During the war, there was an agricultural boom, as the global market tightened and global demand for US agricultural products boomed. The end of the war put a stop to this however, both because European agriculture began to once again meet domestic demands, as well as due to the new tariff walls erected by Mitteleuropa, which essentially closed off the German economic bloc to US agriculture. This crisis of overproduction severely reduced the price of US agricultural goods, cratering the profitability of farms and causing many farmers to go bankrupt.\n\nJust as recovery seemed to be near however, the Great Depression struck. Prices fell even further, and foreclosures and bank failures left many farmers penniless, wandering the American countryside. The institution of new tariffs under President Lowden and the subsequent reluctance to lower them again by President Smith further exacerbated the United States' isolation from global trade, cratering prices further. As if this was not bad enough, in recent years the Dust Bowl has seen many remaining farmers lose their livelihoods due to crop failure.\n\nThese cascading catastrophes have resulted in a growing radicalisation in rural America. Both Farmer-Labor and Huey Long's movement have sought to exploit the growing anger and fury coming from farmers and rural communities towards the establishment and economic elites. As banks and Wall Street speculators are blamed for the state of the Farm Crisis, radical rhetoric gains more and more traction, threatening to engulf the countryside. Already, incidents of violence and intimidation against perceived \"enemies of the People\", including bankers and state government officials, have become commonplace, and there seems to be no sign of tensions cooling any time soon."
 united_states_leadup_events.16.a: "Very concerning."

 united_states_leadup_events.17.t: "The Farmer-Labor National Convention"
 united_states_leadup_events.17.d: "With the onset of election season, the Farmer-Labor Party is faced with perhaps the most important choice of its short existence. Since its inception, the tension within its disparate coalition of progressives and socialists has been obvious. Now, with the Socialists having gained enough strength to put forward a viable candidate for the nomination, it has reached the forefront of discussion.\n\nIn the Progressive camp, Minnesota Senator and 1932 Presidential candidate Floyd Olson makes the case that he can lead Farmer-Labor to a historic victory, hoping to convince the delegates that the Smith years have vindicated Farmer-Labor in the eyes of the public, and that a broad base coalition with the backing of organised labour in the form of the CIO will build upon the successes of the 1932 campaign to secure the election for the young party.\n\nThe Socialist Party meanwhile has made the decision to openly put forward a candidate of their own for the nomination. New York Congressman Norman Thomas, the party's leading \"respectable\" moderate, has been given the endorsement of the party's Executive Committee. Calling for a bold and more explicitly socialist platform, The choice of Thomas would represent a shift of priorities for Farmer-Labor, away from middle class progressives and farm voters and towards the urban workers who allowed for Farmer-Labor breakthroughs in states such as Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan.\n\nThe delegates enter the convention under an atmosphere of uncertainty. The choice they make will invariably be decisive for the direction of Farmer-Labor in the years to come. In the end, the convention is swayed, and..."
 united_states_leadup_events.17.a: "Floyd Olson is nominated again!"
 united_states_leadup_events.17.b: "Norman Thomas and the Socialists are victorious!"

 united_states_leadup_events.18.t: "Olson's Acceptance Speech"
 united_states_leadup_events.18.d: "The Farmer-Labor National Convention has spoken, and Floyd B. Olson was selected as their 1936 Presidential Candidate. Recounting a similar address he gave to them in 1934, this time to a much broader national audience, Floyd struck a balanced tone:\n\n\"Now I am frank to say that I am not a liberal. I enjoy working on a common basis with liberals for their platforms, but I am not a liberal. I am what I want to be - I am a radical. I am a radical in the sense that I want a definite change in the system. I am not satisfied with tinkering, I am not satisfied with patching, I am not satisfied with hanging a laurel wreath upon burglars and thieves and pirates and calling them code authorities or something else. I am not satisfied with that.\n\nI want, however, an orderly, a sane, and a constructive change. I don't want any visionary things any more than the hardest Tory or Conservative wants them. But I know the transition can take place and that, of course, it must be gradual. It can't come overnight, but I want to do all I can to set it in motion and keep it going steady, not in jerks, or jumps, or in spurts, but going steadily ahead.\"\n\nHe continued by highlighting how the party brought the passage of the first compulsory old-age pension law, and how the movement successfully passed an income tax law. He further promised a \"cooperative commonwealth wherein Government will stifle, as much as possible, the greed and avarice of the private profit system and will bring about more equitable distribution of the wealth produced by the hands and minds of the people.\"\n\nHe concluded his speech with an olive branch, stating his only great regret over the past decade is that he never had a majority in legislature that agreed with his principles, claiming if he had one the gratification would have been sufficient to have him retire from public life. In that spirit of unity, he has nominated Norman Thomas as his Vice President, something the FL power brokers are expected to accept."
 united_states_leadup_events.18.a: "Is this Farmer-Labor's year?"

 united_states_leadup_events.19.t: "Thomas' Acceptance Speech"
 united_states_leadup_events.19.d: "The Farmer-Labor National Convention has spoken, and Norman Thomas was selected as their 1936 Presidential Candidate. As a compromise, the moderate Smith W. Brookhart was chosen by F-L power brokers as his Vice President. Speaking to a broad national audience, with many tuning in to a third party for the first time, Thomas chose his words carefully:\n\n\"We Socialists are committed to the preservation and increase of civil liberty, to the absolute vindication of the rights of workers, employed and unemployed, to organise and bargain collectively in the cotton fields as well as in great industries. We are committed to protecting Federal anti-lynching legislation, and to an end of racial discrimination in respect to relief, work, education and justice.\"\n\nBalancing promises of egalitarianism and social progress, he resisted calls for moderation by continuing on with forceful words on capitalism:\n\n\"But we do not believe that liberty can be made secure until we end the tyranny implicit in the control of the few over the resources and the jobs necessary to the life of us all. For poverty in the midst of potential plenty, the profit system is even more obviously responsible than for war and tyranny. It is the amazing truth that in this campaign there has been no discussion of the conditions of true abundance from either of the major parties.\"\n\nPerhaps most interestingly, after in-depth criticisms of the two major parties, he directed his attention specifically to Huey Long and his budding movement, saving his harshest terms for them. Denouncing them as a \"curious combination of political messiahs and discredited politicians\", he warns that the economic and psychological conditions caused by the capitalist system will lead to the rise of a national populist demagogue, comparing the \"Long-Coughlin program, with its promises of good wages to workers, good profits to farmers and little business men, all within the confines of the capitalist system\" to similar movements in Europe."
 united_states_leadup_events.19.a: "A radical turn, certainly."

 united_states_leadup_events.20.t: "Unrest in the Socialist Party"
 united_states_leadup_events.20.d: "The Farmer-Labor Party has had a complicated relationship with the Socialist Party of America. Formerly suspicious of the idea of a broad-tent party including both itself and reformists, the Socialist Party became considerably more friendly to the idea of a Labour Party after the British Revolution demonstrated the effectiveness of a united front strategy. The painful divorce of CIO from the AFL in 1929 over Industrial Unionism further spurred the CIO, the SPA, state Farmer-Labor and Non-Partisan League parties to join together to form one national Farmer-Labor party in 1930.\n\nIn its short lifespan, this has not been a very stable marriage. Though the SPA accepted Governor Floyd Olson of Minnesota's nomination for the 1932 Presidential Election, in spite of Olson's terrific first-time performace that year, a general feeling that it would be the SPA's \"turn\" at the wheel, so to speak, in 1936, grew within the party, which began to expect the moderates to give way for their candidate, Norman Thomas.\n\nNot particularly mollified by the selection of Thomas the Vice Presidential candidate, SPA campaigning has been notably less enthusiastic and more guarded. The Farmer-Labor leadership have kept any disagreements between the Olson and SPA camps behind closed doors, however speculation has already begun to swirl that the SPA will refuse to enter the cabinet even if Olson wins, as important SPA figures such as Jay Lovestone previously predicated their support for Farmer-Labor on the SPA capturing the party within a few years. Olson for his part has been courting Republican, Democratic, and Union party defectors, and some on the left have already accused him of selling out the movement.\n\nWhatever happens, Floyd Olson will not have an easy time in office. Many of the SPA rank and file are disgruntled about the perceived weakness of Farmer-Labor in face of violence on the campaign trail, losing what little faith they had in the system. Floyd Olson continues to be condemned by conservative press as a socialist radical, and it will require a herculean effort to keep this coalition together."
 united_states_leadup_events.20.a: "The left can't stop fighting itself."

 united_states_leadup_events.21.t: "Progressives Split with Thomas!"
 united_states_leadup_events.21.d.main: "The Farmer-Labor Party has had a complicated relationship with the Socialist Party of America. Formerly suspicious of the idea of a broad-tent party including both itself and reformists, the Socialist Party became considerably more friendly to the idea of a Labour Party after the British Revolution demonstrated the effectiveness of a united front strategy. The painful divorce of CIO from the AFL in 1929 over Industrial Unionism further spurred the CIO, the SPA, state Farmer-Labor and Non-Partisan League parties to join together to form one national Farmer-Labor party in 1930.\n\nIn its short lifespan, this has not been a very stable marriage. The SPA accepted the moderate Governor Floyd Olson of Minnesota's nomination for the 1932 Presidential Election, but now that the radical wing has won the nomination, many question whether or not the moderates will return the favour.\n\nThough Olson conceded to Thomas, many progressives refused to accept the results of the convention. Arthur C. Townley and the North Dakota Nonpartisan League, defectors who were ultimately ejected by the SPA 1914, were the first to walk out after Thomas's victory. Abandoning the Farmer-Labor label, they have formally endorsed Huey Long for President in a betrayal."
 united_states_leadup_events.21.d.republican: "$united_states_leadup_events.21.d.main$\n\nMany are waiting to see if local Farmer-Labor factions will follow suit. Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota, a former Republican, has always been hesitant of the extreme anti-capitalism of his party mates. It seems he has decided to return to the Republican fold, endorsing Borah for President and becoming the most prominent Farmer-Labor defector yet.\n\nWhile Norman Thomas has sought to downplay the impact of these high profile desertions, it is clear that his radical vision impacts his electability. It draws in many voters severely disaffected with the system, however it also polarises opinions and pushes away many moderates."
 united_states_leadup_events.21.d.union: "$united_states_leadup_events.21.d.main$\n\nMany are waiting to see if local Farmer-Labor factions will follow suit. Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota, a former Republican, has always been hesitant of the extreme anti-capitalism of his party mates. An isolationist and a friend of Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh, he has also decided to endorse Huey Long for President - becoming the most prominent Farmer-Labor defector yet.\n\nWhile Norman Thomas has sought to downplay the impact of these high profile desertions, it is clear that his radical vision impacts his electability. It draws in many voters severely disaffected with the system, however it also polarises opinions and pushes away many moderates."
 united_states_leadup_events.21.d.default: "$united_states_leadup_events.21.d.main$\n\nMany are waiting to see if local Farmer-Labor factions will follow suit. Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota, a former Republican, has always been hesitant of the extreme anti-capitalism of his party mates. Also dissatisfied with the Republican and Union Parties, he decided to buck Farmer-Labor leadership and refused to endorse anyone in the 1936 Presidential election.\n\nWhile Norman Thomas has sought to downplay the impact of these high profile desertions, it is clear that his radical vision impacts his electability. It draws in many voters severely disaffected with the system, however it also polarises opinions and pushes away many moderates."
 united_states_leadup_events.21.a: "A blow to his chances."

 united_states_leadup_events.22.t: "The Battle of the Overpass"
 united_states_leadup_events.22.d: "Detroit, Michigan is the hub of the American automotive industry and indeed one of the world's centers of automobile manufacturing. Tonight, its streets are running red with blood and blazing bright with riotous fire. Walter Reuther; Socialist Party member; relative moderate in between the Reed and Thomas wings of the party; and one of the leaders of the CIO-affiliated United Auto Workers, was today the victim of what the Daily Worker has already called "the most obvious sign of open class war by the bourgeoisie yet". He and fellow Unionist Richard Frankensteen were beaten half to death by apparent paramilitaries hired by the Ford Motor Company as they handed out leaflets to workers outside their Detroit factory's gates.\n\nThe altercation quickly escalated as the Ford mercenaries beat several witnesses and photographers and nearly killed Reuther, causing an all-out brawl. Though there were ultimately no fatalities, Reuther and Frankensteen were hospitalized. Still, a smiling Reuther seemed supremely confident from his hospital bed. The young unionist made a point of denying that the threats to his life would stop his own organising - or indeed, dampen the SPA's militancy. "This just means they're scared." He quipped."
 united_states_leadup_events.22.a: "Can't these men talk it out?"

 united_states_leadup_events.23.t: "The Republican National Convention"
 united_states_leadup_events.23.d: "It has long been the case that the Republicans hold their nominating convention first, and the Democrats second. With one exception in 1888, this order has held since the days of Lincoln, disregarding the fleeting presence of major third parties such as the People's Party, and now Farmer-Labor. Optimism abounds at this year's Republican National Convention, as the people generally appear tired of the Democrats, and change seems to be in the air.\n\nMuch as things change however, much they stay the same. Primary elections have been a feature of major party presidential politics since the days of Theodore Roosevelt. Though generally non-binding, they provide an astute indication of the mood of the public. This year, progressive Republican and Idaho Senator William Borah, among the last of the Roosevelt breed of Republican, has almost completely swept the GOP primaries. With the winds behind his back, Borah's advocacy of a return to Roosevelt-style progressivism, and his left-criticism of the Smith Administration have made him few friends among the conservative wing of the party.\n\nThe Conservatives however realise the precariousness of their position. Borah has momentum, and the country is in a generally progressive mood after the disappointments of the Smith years. Conservatives, most prominently Michigan's Arthur Vandenberg, are therefore reluctant to throw their hat in the ring in their own right.\n\nAs such the Conservative wing of the party has rallied behind Moderate Kansas Governor Alf Landon. A pragmatic yet liberal moderate with a strong electoral record, Landon presents a broadly acceptable alternative that is nonetheless in-tune with the mood of the country. With the backing of the establishment, Landon faces down Borah's insurgency on the floor of the convention..."
 united_states_leadup_events.23.a: "The insurgency wins out: Borah gets the nomination!"
 united_states_leadup_events.23.b: "The party brass get their way: Landon gets the nod!"

 united_states_leadup_events.24.t: "Borah's Acceptance Speech"
 united_states_leadup_events.24.d: "With the 1936 Republican National Convention decided, William E. Borah addressed his fellow Republicans and the nation. The Idaho Progressive thanked the delegates for having faith in him, declaring that the popular will had overcome the party establishment's attempt to suppress it through their \"favorite son\" plan and vowed to reforge the Republican party along liberal (rather than old guard) lines. He expressed his belief that the people will do the same in November.\n\nHis speech quickly turned to a very different elephant in the room - the worsening Great Depression. Castigating the Smith administration for \"sucking the very life-blood of the nation\" with their mismanagement, Borah said that \"if we keep on the way we are going, every farmer will be carrying another on his shoulders as he plows his corn\". Government relief efforts have enriched politicians while failing to feed the hungry - he compared Washington's bureaucrats to the biblical \"locusts pouring into Egypt.\" He lamented that \"we haven't many farmers in Washington, even in the department of agriculture\" and compared the present situation to the eve of the French Revolution.\n\nWith regards to Social Security, Borah attempted to stake out his own position. He declared that he had been an advocate of such pensions for people over sixty, but rejected the Townsend plan (which he had previously endorsed) for compelling them to spend it all in a month. Instead, he argued that the money should simply be given to individuals and allowed to spend or save it as they see fit.\n\nA sometimes combative reformer in the past, he spent some time criticising both mainstream parties, but saved the bulk of it to lash out against the growing far left and right. Some of it was ideological, but plenty of it was practical too - he is competing against both for the populist vote. With his new running mate, Quentin Roosevelt, he vows to save the Republic, provide relief for the people, and protect the constitution."
 united_states_leadup_events.24.a: "A message for the times?"

 united_states_leadup_events.25.t: "Landon's Acceptance Speech"
 united_states_leadup_events.25.d: "With the 1936 Republican National Convention decided, Alf Landon addressed his fellow Republicans and the nation. Hoping for a \"simple and straightforward speech\", Landon opened by reminding all of the Presidential Oath to \"faithfully execute the office of President of the United States\" and \"preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.\" - a boilerplate statement in better times but a poignant one in 1936.\n\nHe promised to approach the economy fairly, saying that \"if we are to go forward permanently, it must be with a united nation—not with a people torn by appeals to prejudice and divided by class feeling.\" He further noted that \"the world has tried to conquer this depression by different methods. None of them has been fully successful. Too frequently recovery has been hindered, if not defeated, by political considerations.\"\n\nUnder Smith, \"the nation has not made the durable progress, either in reform or recovery, that we had the right to expect\" and Landon said that true economic recovery should not be measured by stock market prices but rather the ability for Americans to find a job and be self-supporting and self-respecting member of the community.\n\nDespite Black Monday, Landon declared that \"America is ripe for recovery,\" and cycled through the GOP platform of promoting small businesses and farmers, taxation and monetary policy reforms, efficient and nondiscriminatory unemployment relief, the reduction of debt, and the workers' right to unionise. In labour issues, the government should serve as an umpire, protecting public interests and promoting conciliation.\n\nLandon closed by invoking America's founding principles of \"life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness\" and the Constitution's checks and balances. He warned that \"the great safeguards against tyranny and oppression must not be cast away and lost\", and promised along with his newly selected running mate Quentin Roosevelt, to do his part bringing the America that is to be."
 united_states_leadup_events.25.a: "Can the centre hold?"

 united_states_leadup_events.26.t: "The Lion of Idaho Roars"
 united_states_leadup_events.26.d: "Though considerable press attention has been on the latest scandals affecting the floundering Democrats and the latest bout of violence triggered by the Longists and Leftists, the Republican Party has been hard at work trying to build a workable electoral coalition for November.\n\nBalancing their conservative, liberal, and progressive wings, the selection of a progressive ticket has not stopped them from attempting to appeal to a disparate selection of voters across the country. Republican campaigners have been knocking on doors, soliciting funds from businesses large and small, blasting the Smith administration for its incompetence, blasting Long for corruption, and stoking fears of a socialist revolution.\n\nThis is hardly Borah's first campaign of course - an experienced political operator, Borah has made himself a major powerbroker in Republican elections across the 1920s despite his hatred of both intrigue and tobacco (making him a poor fit for the literal smoke-filled back rooms). An energetic campaigner and seeking to recast the Republican party as a progressive one, he has worked to expand his reach from beyond the Great Plains - shoring up GOP strongholds in the North and West.\n\nStill, with competition intense and violence escalating, one has to wonder if this will be enough. The establishment may have locked ranks behind him on a national scale, however many local political machines have locked out aligned candidates on the down ballot. His attempts at winning over Farmer-Labor and Union Party voters, and his party's attempts to woo disaffected Democrats have only had limited success. It is clear that this will be a long and hard fought campaign."
 united_states_leadup_events.26.a: "He's certainly a breath of fresh air..."

 united_states_leadup_events.27.t: "The Disappearance of Alfred M. Landon"
 united_states_leadup_events.27.d: "Though considerable press attention has been on the latest scandals affecting the floundering Democrats and the latest bout of violence triggered by the Longists and Leftists, the Republican Party has been hard at work trying to build a workable electoral coalition for November.\n\nBalancing their conservative, liberal, and progressive wings, the selection of a progressive ticket has not stopped them from attempting to appeal to a disparate selection of voters across the country. Republican campaigners have been knocking on doors, soliciting funds from businesses large and small, blasting the Smith administration for its incompetence, blasting Long for corruption, and stoking fears of a socialist revolution.\n\nDespite these efforts, one crucial member appears to be not pulling his weight. Alf Landon for whatever the reason largely refuses to travel in his campaign or speak out much, leading to conservative columnist Westbrook Pegler to jab: \"Considerable mystery surrounds the disappearance of Alfred M. Landon of Topeka, Kansas, who has been missing from his regular haunts for some time. The Missing Persons Bureau has sent out an alarm bulletin bearing Mr. Landon's photograph and other particulars, and anyone having information of his whereabouts is asked to communicate direct (sic) with the Republican National Committee.\"\n\nBut this year's election is simply too important to lose for the Republican Party. With competition intense and violence escalating, there is no going back. Despite the ineffectiveness of Alf Landon as a campaigner, his campaign managers have mobilised young activists and an army of writers to try and drag the Kansas Governor over the finish line. Whatever happens, it is clear that this will be a long and hard fought campaign."
 united_states_leadup_events.27.a: "Not good for the Republicans."

 united_states_leadup_events.28.t: "The New Minutemen"
 united_states_leadup_events.28.d: "J. Edgar Hoover has delivered his latest report to the oval office, outlining the ever growing urgency of the situation to the President. While in better days these words would be dismissed as fear-mongering or typical plea for more funding, the fact that organised political violence is on the rise is unmistakable.\n\nEmboldened by Huey Long's call for \"New Minutemen\" weeks ago, various far-right militias of different sizes and radicalism have coalesced around the term and in support of Long. Groups such as the Silver Legion, the Khaki Shirts, Mankind United, Knights of the Camarilla, Crusader White Shirts, the Black Legion, the Ku Klux Klan, have all grown in numbers and launched vicious attacks on anything perceived as socialist or unpatriotic. While some have resisted the moniker and others embraced it, the media has effectively lumped them all together as \"Minutemen\".\n\nThe grassroots are not the only source of armed paramilitaries. Henry Ford and other industrialists, have also cast their strikebreakers as \"Minutemen\", heroically defending loyal workers from foreign subversives and socialist rabble-rousers. Co-operative local law enforcement, sometimes even with state approval, are said to have been sympathetic to the \"Minutemen Movement.\" Not directly affiliated, but commonly referred to as Minutemen by the media, are Huey Long's heavily armed \"Cossack\" personal bodyguards.\n\nThe proliferation of armed groups has led to cycles of violence in the cities and countryside, leading to an arms-race that has challenged the American government's monopoly on power. Many doubt that things will get any better soon."
 united_states_leadup_events.28.a: "This is dangerous."

 united_states_leadup_events.29.t: "The Democratic National Convention"
 united_states_leadup_events.29.d: "The Democratic Party enters the election of 1936 in a sorry state. Beset by division and turmoil, and weighed down by an unpopular incumbent who has presided over a period of general malaise that refuses to abate, few are confident of the party's chances of coming back from behind to win the Presidency once again.\n\nPerhaps the only man who enters the convention with a smile and an optimistic tune is the man who is determined to be nominated as a rebuke to the entirety of Smith's term. Huey Long needs no introduction, and his crusade for the Presidency has brought him to Philadelphia with numerous primary victories in hand. Among the general public, Long's \"Share Our Wealth\" platform has strong appeal as a decisive break from the economic conservatism of the Smith years, and as such Long makes the case that he alone is capable of retaining the presidency for the Democrats.\n\nThe very radicalism that is his greatest asset has made a large section of the party determined to prevent his nomination however. An \"Anybody But Long\" movement has emerged at the convention, comprising the sum of many anti-Long forces, including liberals, conservatives, progressives, and everyone in-between. United only by their opposition to Long, various faces have been posited and entered into nomination as alternative candidates. Vice President Joe T. Robinson, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, and Secretary of State Cordell Hull are among the most prominent names listed.\n\nIt is clear that the confrontation between Long and the anti-Longs will define this year's convention. Its resolution uncertain, unease grows among all factions, as the party appears to reach its breaking point."
 united_states_leadup_events.29.a: "And the nomination goes to..."

 united_states_leadup_events.30.t: "A Convention Brawl"
 united_states_leadup_events.30.d: "It started as a simple dispute over procedure. Two different state delegations from Mississippi demanded to be seated: one pro-Long and one anti-Long. The ruling by the convention's credentials committee in favour of the anti-Long delegation started a wave of boos and jeers from Long's supporters. Successive challenges to other pro-Long delegations intensified the situation. Long demanded a chance to speak, hoping to sway the convention as Bryan had in 1896, but was denied.\n\nThe mood among the Long crowd went from bad to worse. The final straw was an attempt to revoke the credentials of the Louisiana delegation, in favour of an anti-Long alternative slate. At this, the Long crowd rose. Long's brother, Earl, swore at Vice President Robinson, before being caught up in a brief fist-fight with him, a brawl that left the younger man worse off before he was restrained by other attendees. The incident ultimately proved the last straw for Long's supporters, who proceeded to leave the convention en masse.\n\nAfter a short round of voting, the convention, now much friendlier to the administration, rallied behind Robinson, after Hoover withdrew his name from consideration. After Robinson was nominated for the presidency, Hoover was offered the second spot on the ticket, but again declined, obviously seeing it as a futile effort, and looking towards a run in 1940. An alternative was found in Indiana Governor Paul V. McNutt, a photogenic northerner with strong electoral credentials. The new Democratic ticket now seems to stare towards electoral oblivion, as Long openly prepares his forces for a parallel convention."
 united_states_leadup_events.30.a: "What madness!"

 united_states_leadup_events.31.t: "A Deputy for a Kingfish"
 united_states_leadup_events.31.d: "The dramatic walkout from the Democratic National Convention by supporters of Senator Huey Long just over a week ago has led to feverous speculation as to Long's next political move. Few are so foolish as to believe that the events in Philadelphia have seriously stunted Long's presidential ambitions. Instead, he is widely expected to launch a third-party bid for President of some kind, an expectation that has seemingly been confirmed by his declaration calling for a convention \"against the hoot owls and scrootch owls of the bankers' Democratic and Republican parties\". With the convention opening on the Fourth of July to much fanfare, enthusiasm behind Long's bid appears to remain strong. Though the mood on the floor is overwhelmingly behind the man of the hour, one question remains unanswered: that of Long's Vice President.\n\nOn the one hand, there is Long's personal choice: his close Senate colleague and friend, Montana's Burton K. Wheeler. Wheeler would reinforce Long's progressive bona fides, drawing the campaign in a more populist direction in line with Long's Share Our Wealth platform. However, he would alienate the southern bloc that almost gave Long the Democratic nomination, as well as the conservatives increasingly driven to Long out of fear of the Socialist Party.\n\nOn the other hand, there is the right-wing populist Governor of Georgia, Eugene Talmadge. Long promised Talmadge either the Vice Presidency or the position of Secretary of Agriculture last year, when he formed a political pact with him against Al Smith. Talmadge is favoured by northern business interests, and is accepted by, if not the first choice of, the southern Bourbons. However, the gap between his politics and those of Long is wide, and the two have grown to silently disdain one another since the formation of their alliance. Additionally, it is unlikely that Talmadge has enough sway in the wider south to seriously damage the Long campaign if the pact between him and Long is broken.\n\nUltimately, the choice of Vice President will determine the direction of Long's campaign: will it be a populist, western focused campaign, or a nationalist, southern focused one?"
 united_states_leadup_events.31.a: "Wheeler will solidify our progressive bona fides."
 united_states_leadup_events.31.b: "We must win the south. Uphold our promises to Talmadge."

 united_states_leadup_events.32.t: "The Union Party Convention"
 united_states_leadup_events.32.d: "For days, Huey Long has stoked anticipation of a third-party run for President. Few expected his rejection by the Democrats to end his presidential ambitions, and now Long has taken the stage to confirm just that. Denouncing the Democratic Party as irrevocably corrupt, he and his allies have founded the Union Party, an alliance of convenience between populists such as Charles Couglin, Francis Townsend, and William Lemke, more reactionary Democratic politicians such as Eugene Talmadge and Theodore Bilbo, as well as a host of fringe figures such as Gerald K. Smith. Drifting adjacent to the Union Party orbit are several leading corporate executives such as Henry Ford, John Henry Kirby, Alfred P. Sloan, and Robert E. Wood.\n\nAlong with the new party, Long has announced that Montana Senator Burton K. Wheeler, his longtime friend and partner in the Senate, will be joining him as his Vice Presidential nominee. Wheeler is a progressive who was elected to a Senate seat in 1922, becoming a well known populist legislator with ties across the political spectrum. As a Senator, Wheeler is popular due to his leadership in several anti-corruption inquiries, and his willingness to challenge the establishment and even the White House. In addition to having many allies among the progressive movement and organised labour, Wheeler is also known for his isolationist and nativist views - voting for legislation clamping down on immigration and also for diplomatic non-intervention.\n\nLong's choice of Wheeler has helped to give the Union Party a more cohesive identity as a Western populist party, but some have criticized it as being too narrow in scope to actually win in November. Many conservative Democrats who expressed some interest in the party have now begun to distance themselves, threatening the inroads the Union Party has made in the south. Still, a shared vision can do wonders for a party's image, especially as the other major parties struggle with their own internal divisions."
 united_states_leadup_events.32.a: "He's really set on burning things down."

 united_states_leadup_events.33.t: "The Union Party Convention"
 united_states_leadup_events.33.d: "For days, Huey Long has stoked anticipation of a third-party run for President. Few expected his rejection by the Democrats to end his presidential ambitions, and now Long has taken the stage to confirm just that. Denouncing the Democratic Party as irrevocably corrupt, he and his allies have founded the Union Party, an alliance of convenience between populists such as Charles Couglin, Francis Townsend, and William Lemke, more reactionary Democratic politicians such as Eugene Talmadge and Theodore Bilbo, as well as a host of fringe figures such as Gerald K. Smith. Drifting adjacent to the Union Party orbit are several leading corporate executives such as Henry Ford, John Henry Kirby, Alfred P. Sloan, and Robert E. Wood.\n\nAlong with the new party, Long has announced that Georgia Governor Eugene Talmadge, a new ally who has mended the divide between Long and the deep southern Bourbons, will be joining him as his Vice Presidential nominee. Talmadge appeals to white farmers with his worldview of rugged individualism and calls for small government and racial segregation. He has also made frequent use of martial law to crush strikes, silence critics of his government, and quash corruption inquiries, even as he retains popularity as a \"defender of the common man.\".\n\nWith allies such as lumber magnate John Henry Kirby, and General Motors executive Alfred P. Sloan, he also brings considerable money to the campaign. Reverend Gerald K. Smith and white supremacist novelist Thomas Dixon Jr. have also advocated for his selection. His economic conservatism and his segregationist views have dimmed progressive support for the party however.\n\nLong and Talmadge are also poor match, with rather different political agendas, competing egos and independent political machines. Long is rumored to have said \"that Talmadge ain't got the brains to match his ambition,\" and even his speech announcing Talmadge has been called lukewarm at best. Media coverage has also been unfavorable, with many mocking Talmadge for having political views better fit for the last century."
 united_states_leadup_events.33.a: "A match made in hell."

 united_states_leadup_events.34.t: "The Divided South"
 united_states_leadup_events.34.d: "With Huey Long's selection of Burton K. Wheeler as his Vice Presidential running mate, the question of the direction of the Long campaign was seemingly settled. Long's rhetoric against the bankers, elites, and big business would not be toned down, and the radical measures of Share Our Wealth would be placed at the forefront. Several groups within the Long camp have found themselves dissatisfied with these developments however. Though the very northern businesses which Long attacks have taken to financing his campaign as a bulwark against socialism, they have grown increasingly uncomfortable with Long's radical rhetoric, with some commenting that he is little different from the socialists who they support him against.\n\nElectorally however, it is not this group that most concerns Long. For most of his career on the national stage, Long has sought to ride a coalition of western and southern states to the White House. Though Wheeler has secured the west for Long more strongly than ever before, the south appears to be the weak link. Never comfortable with Long to begin with, several southern Bourbons have distanced themselves from the campaign, emboldening anti-Long liberal and conservative elements in the region.\n\nPerhaps more notable however has been the opposition of Governor Eugene Talmadge. Talmadge, spurned by Long in the Vice Presidential selection process, has attempted to assemble a \"Grass Roots\" convention in Georgia to nominate him for President on yet another Democratic breakaway ticket. Despite the tepid backing of the DuPonts and other northern industrialists, these plans have fallen through, and Talmadge has given up his effort due to a lack of support outside of Georgia.\n\nNevertheless, despite Talmadge's failure, the campaign's position in the south remains tenuous. The rejection of Talmadge has had an unintended side effect however: northern African-American voters have expressed increased interest in Long's campaign, a small but crucial bloc that may help in the north. The south however has turned into a hotly contested battleground, as the children of the Democratic Party tear one another apart."
 united_states_leadup_events.34.a: "History will send them packing."

 united_states_leadup_events.35.t: "Rolling Thunder"
 united_states_leadup_events.35.d.borah: "$united_states_leadup_events.35.d.body$\n\nWhere many northern black voters were once seriously considering the Long ticket for President, it is now clear that Long has ruptured his relationship with them beyond repair. With Republican candidate William Borah similarly regarded as having spurned African-Americans, black voters now flock to Farmer-Labor, the only remaining non-racist option in the race. As for Long..."
 united_states_leadup_events.35.d.landon: "$united_states_leadup_events.35.d.body$\n\nWhere many northern black voters were once seriously considering the Long ticket for President, it is now clear that Long has ruptured his relationship with them beyond repair. Though Farmer-Labor offers a civil rights plank, more black voters are inclined to return to the GOP, where nominee Alf Landon has a strong record on civil rights. As for Long..."
 united_states_leadup_events.35.d.body: "In 1912, African-American voters were, after decades of failure on civil rights issues, disillusioned with the Republican Party. When Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson appeared receptive to the concerns of African-Americans, in spite of his southern background, many African-Americans flocked to his campaign. When in office however, Wilson proceeded to segregate the federal government, deny appointments to African-Americans, and increase the severity of segregation in the armed forces, setting back progress on civil rights by decades.\n\nThe African-American community is familiar with such betrayals and disappointments. The Republican Party has taken a largely passive stance on civil rights issues, while the Democratic Party, still with a powerful southern interest, has provided little more hope for change. Perhaps the brightest hope in recent years however has been the Presidency of Al Smith. Smith, traditionally seen as a defender of civil rights, again energised black support for the Democrats. Instead of reneging on his promises like Wilson however, Smith has overseen some notable successes in civil rights policy, most notably the passage of the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Act in 1935.\n\nWith the entry of Huey Long onto the national scene, African-American voters in the north have looked on the Louisiana upstart with reserved optimism. Long is known for having avoided racial vitriol and demagoguery in his statewide campaigns in Louisiana, and some of his statements surrounding the administration of social security as well as his national approach to racial issues gave rise to a hope that he would be a different kind of southerner. That optimism was shattered however by Long's selection of Eugene Talmadge as his running mate. Talmadge, one of the most infamous race-baiting Governors in the south, has marked a change in direction for the Long campaign. Talmadge frequently espouses racist rhetoric on the campaign trail, seeing no pushback from Long on the matter, who is now silent regarding the concerns of his black constituents."
 united_states_leadup_events.35.a: "For them, his story is done."

 united_states_leadup_events.36.t: "The Midwest Swelters"
 united_states_leadup_events.36.d: "As the Heat Wave of 1936 tears through the country, one of the worst-hit sections of the country has seen more suffering than most. As opposed to the lower South, whose inhabitants are generally acclimated to extreme heat, midwestern Americans have almost no frame of reference for such intense waves.\n\nOn July 9th and 10th, a season that has already seen record-breaking heat saw records broken once again: on average, a triangle of states from New York to the Dakotas to Tennessee faced temperatures upwards of 105-115 degrees Fahrenheit, as well as excruciatingly high humidity. Some towns had quite literally never seen temperatures over 95 degrees, not to mention over 115, leaving citizens completely unprepared. In the last week alone, approximately 5,000 American citizens have been killed by the heat directly or through conditions aggravated by the heat.\n\nWhile it seems the worst is over for now, the wave will hardly go away quickly, and it seems to be just another sign that times are not good for the United States of America. Even worse, meteorologists are predicting an unusually cold winter as well!"
 united_states_leadup_events.36.a: "Even the weather has turned against us."

 united_states_leadup_events.37.t: "Gone With The Wind"
 united_states_leadup_events.37.d: "First released on July 30th, Gone with the Wind has soared to the top of the national bestseller list. A fictionalized account of the experiences of a character named Scarlett O'Hara, the novel follows her life from the ages of sixteen to twenty-eight. Set in Clayton County and Atlanta, Georgia, the novel covers O'Hara's life as the Civil War engulfs the South, O'Hara struggles to maintain her lifestyle as the daughter of a wealthy plantation owner, juggle the social expectations of both her class and gender, and balance it all with her own personal happiness and fulfillment.\n\nFilled with family drama, salacious controversies, and genuine emotion, the book has become an instant hit. It must be admitted, however, as many progressives, socialists, and liberals, reviewers and not, have pointed out - both North and South - the tale is filled with default assumptions of the loyalty of both the enslaved and freed peoples, endorsement of white supremacy, and the idea that women are content in a subordinate role to men. Either way, it cannot be denied that the book already, after a single month, has a strong hold on American popular memory of the Civil War and American literary history broadly."
 united_states_leadup_events.37.a: "Frankly my dear, I don't give a damn."

 united_states_leadup_events.38.t: "Military Reforms"
 united_states_leadup_events.38.d: "Since the Spanish-American War, the United States has not been involved in any major military conflicts with anything resembling a peer adversary. Having stayed out of the European War, the U.S. military severely lacks on-the-ground experience, with post-1919 reforms having relied on a distant analysis of the war in Europe. With the Great Depression having led to several significant cuts in military funding under successive administrations, this has left our military forces in a rather sorry state, with more “experimental” sections of the armed forces such as armour and airpower suffering the brunt of austerity.\n\nChief of Staff General Douglas MacArthur has faced much backlash for his implementation of Washington's budget cuts. His cuts to armoured development in particular have gone down poorly with innovative officers such as Ralph E. Jones, who support a focus on armour similar to that of the British Army.\n\nAnother group increasingly dissatisfied with MacArthur's leadership is the U.S. Army Air Corps. USAAC innovators have called for an independent air force, a call unlikely to be heeded under an austerity regime. Additionally, USAAC radicals have raised eyebrows with their notoriously progressive politics and radical educational program. At the Air Corps Tactical School, Marxist economics are taught in conjunction with the radicals' own industrial network theory, and progressive theories of “humanitarian bombing” hold much sway.\n\nThe navy meanwhile wrestles with an increasingly aging fleet. With little money for new shipbuilding projects, the navy is left mainly focusing on doctrinal reforms, reforms which underline the service's importance in any potential war with Germany, Britain, or, most likely, Japan.\n\nFaced with demand for reform in the military, MacArthur has announced a plan to overhaul the old Corps Area system in the wake of a War Department study. Though this is unlikely to be completed before next year, jockeying for key postings has already begun. Progressive allies of Generals James K. Parsons and Smedley Butler have been concentrated in the north and midwest, while more conservative and reactionary officers, including the infamous “Butcher of Mingo”, General George Van Horn Moseley, have taken more southern postings. Though this division would preferably have been avoided, it is difficult to avoid the growing cliquism that has underlain military politics."
 united_states_leadup_events.38.a: "We need to get our house in order."

 united_states_leadup_events.39.t: "Olson Gains on Long in the Plains"
 united_states_leadup_events.39.d: "When Floyd Olson ran for President in 1932, many had doubts over whether or not the candidate would be able to win any states beyond his home state of Minnesota. He soon proved them wrong - polling extremely well in Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Washington, and other Great Plains states and even notching several outright wins.\n\nThe Farmer-Labor party is determined to maintain that momentum. This time however, he is competing with Huey Long for disaffected, anti-establishment rural voters, making his quest much harder as the two candidates enter into direct competition. Both have attempted to shore up their populist credentials while showing their ability to work within establishment structures as Governors, and while seeking to avoid being implicated in the various scandals dogging their campaigns - whether it be their radical allies or their own histories of alleged corruption and political violence.\n\nOlson seems to be doing fairly well holding his own over Long, who had the initial advantage in peeling off voters from the Republicans and especially disillusioned fellow democrats. Making inroads among progressive Republicans in the north with the help of the Nonpartisan League and making his way into the Democratic scene, things seem to be swinging his way.\n\nThere are of course plenty of more weeks left to go however, and some within the Farmer-Labor Party have criticised Olson's strategy, arguing that the Great Plains has considerably fewer electoral votes in contention. They bemoan the relative lack of attention in the grand prize of New York, and question whether or not Olson's time is being well spent. However, Olson and his allies have defended their decisions, arguing that flipping the Great Plains would go a long way in ultimately winning the election, trusting that Farmer-Labor has sufficient votes to win the Steel Belt."
 united_states_leadup_events.39.a: "Will the west be red?"

 united_states_leadup_events.40.t: "Thomas Makes a Play for New York"
 united_states_leadup_events.40.d: "When Floyd Olson ran for President in 1932, many had doubts over whether or not the candidate would be able to win any states beyond his home state of Minnesota. He soon proved them wrong - polling extremely well in Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Washington, and other Great Plains states and even notching several outright wins.\n\nTo actually win the election however, the Farmer-Labor Party will need to capture states with much larger electoral votes rather than the sparsely populated Great Plains. Consequently, Norman Thomas and the Farmer-Labor Party has been putting much more attention in the Midwest and East, solidifying their hold on areas of growing SPA strength in the Steel Belt.\n\nThis has surprisingly put the extremely valuable state of New York, the largest state in the Union, into play. Norman Thomas has a long history of campaigning in New York, both for himself and his allies, and this has worked to his advantage in 1936. The incumbent New York Republican Party has been thrown into panic about the prospect of losing the state and has been scrambling to consolidate the establishment vote there. A win in New York would go a long way, especially if the Farmer-Labor Party can secure their expected wins in the Midwest, however they will need to survive the GOP counter-attack first.\n\nThomas has however effectively sacrificed the Great Plains in this quest, and many within the party have complained that Farmer-Labor is effectively fighting a rear-guard action there against the Longist surge. They note that even if Thomas could flip New York, the only way Farmer-Labor will be able to get past the electoral threshold to win is if they secure several Great Plains states."
 united_states_leadup_events.40.a: "A bold gambit for sure."

 united_states_leadup_events.41.t: "The Great Heat Wave Is Over"
 united_states_leadup_events.41.d: "Since June, high temperatures have borne down on people across the United States. After a historic cold season in the winter earlier into the year, Americans have been faced with historic temperature spikes. The first regions affected were the northeast and south. The brunt of the impact however was borne by the midwest, which sweltered at temperatures often higher than 100 degrees fahrenheit. Without any means to cool themselves, thousands died throughout the summer, which peaked in intensity in mid-July.\n\nThe scorching heat however was not the only thing ailing the plains. A resulting drought has ruined harvests already impacted by the Dust Bowl and the depression, pressing farmers in the southern plains even harder than they had previously imagined possible. Without crops to sell, even more farmers have been faced with the prospect of bankruptcy.\n\nThough the height of the heat peaked in July, August still sweltered for several states, including Texas and Louisiana. Only now in September has the heat wave truly started to subside. All told, over 5000 deaths have been reported nationwide, as well as the loss of livelihoods for many struggling farmers. With the depression raging on, and the financial situations of a great number of people likely to deteriorate further, such a destructive weather event could not have come at a worse time."
 united_states_leadup_events.41.a: "At least it's over..."

 united_states_leadup_events.42.t: "Shots Fired At Robinson"
 united_states_leadup_events.42.d: "Shocking news has come in from Indiana today: Vice President Joe T. Robinson, the Democratic nominee for president, was shot at while making a speech on the campaign trail with his running mate, Indiana's own Governor Paul V. McNutt. Though Robinson was not injured, a bullet struck Lieutenant Governor M. Clifford Townsend, the Democratic nominee for the governorship, sending him to the hospital, where he is in a critical but stable condition.\n\nThe assailant, local man Daniel Wares, was shot on the spot by Secret Service agents. Though Wares was seemingly a supporter of Huey Long, he is not believed to have had organisational links to any radical or extremist political groups, having seemingly been rejected from joining a local Minutemen chapter. The investigation into the matter has come to the conclusion that Wares was a lone actor with eclectic political views, motivated to shoot the Vice President due to a general dissatisfaction with the Smith Administration.\n\nAll of Robinson's fellow candidates for the presidency have issued statements denouncing the attack, and expressing relief at the vice president's escape from harm. This includes Long himself, who not long ago clashed violently with Robinson for the Democratic nomination. Nevertheless, the radicalising effect of the rhetoric of figures like Long is clearly to some degree at fault for the growing militarisation of American political life. Not long after denouncing the assassination attempt, Long defended his support for the “Minutemen”, a group which have now been implicated in several political shootings this election cycle."
 united_states_leadup_events.42.a: "Decency dies a slow death."

 united_states_leadup_events.43.t: "The Phantom"
 united_states_leadup_events.43.d: "Having become widely popular since the 1890s, newspaper comic strips have established themselves as a widespread form of light entertainment among millions of American and foreign readers. Short comic stories featuring recurring characters have become ubiquitous in the nation's newspapers, notably in the Hearst papers, which were a key innovator in the format in the late 1800s. Though such strips were denounced by some as yellow journalism, their popularity has only grown through the dark years of the depression.\n\nOne recent newcomer to the field has been a strip called “The Phantom”. The strip's titular protagonist is a costumed crime-fighter who wears a mask and purple spandex, who relies on his wits, skill at gunslinging, and the myth of his own immortality to battle evildoers. Beginning as a daily strip in February, The Phantom has quickly grown popular enough to be serialised overseas, with the Australian Woman's Mirror picking up the series.\n\nRegardless of what anyone might think of such silly stories, it can't be denied that the country could do with something to look forward to these days. Perhaps we could all do with a little cartoon fun."
 united_states_leadup_events.43.a: "Spandex? That'll never catch on."

 united_states_leadup_events.44.t: "Charles Lindbergh Endorses Long"
 united_states_leadup_events.44.d: "Charles Lindbergh, the famed aviator, has suddenly endorsed Huey Long's campaign. Born to his father Charles August Lindbergh, an immigrant from Sweden who later became a politician noted for his activism against an American entry in the Great War, Charles was fascinated by motor transportation from a young age.\n\nAfter quitting college, he became an aviator and barnstormed around the American countryside, a pioneer in this new age of flight. He worked as an air-mail pilot before quitting to begin designing the \"Spirit of St. Louis.\" Despite having considerably fewer resources than his rivals, Lindbergh became the first to make a nonstop flight from New York to Paris in 1927, a massive milestone in aviation. Even as he landed in Paris, circling the Eiffel Tower, a huge crowd of over a hundred thousand people came to greet him, dragging him out of his plane in jubilation. Lindbergh became an international sensation, with hundreds of songs written about him, and he received a hero's homecoming when he returned to New York.\n\nHe spent the next few years making some contributions to science and aviation, but struggled against the strain of publicity. Hounded by the press both during and after his world-wide tour, Lindbergh and his family underwent further trauma in 1932 when his infant son Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. was abducted and held for ransom. While his son was successfully retrieved and the kidnapper, a German immigrant, was apprehended, the publicity from the incident became known as the \"Crime of the Century \", adding further attention to the intensely private Lindbergh.\n\nLindbergh has spent the past year or so in Europe to avoid the spotlight, but his return and endorsement of Long has thrown him back in the public eye. A close friend of Henry Ford, a staunch anti-socialist, an isolationist like his father, and a white supremacist, his political views have drawn controversy but he remains popular among many Americans."
 united_states_leadup_events.44.a: "A useful idiot."

 united_states_leadup_events.45.t: "The Jobless Party"
 united_states_leadup_events.45.d: "From start to finish, the Democratic campaign for the presidency in 1936 has been a general and complete catastrophe. Having suffered a nearly fatal party split after Huey Long failed to win the nomination in a contested convention, the Democrats were left to run an unpopular holdover of an unpopular administration in Vice President Joe T. Robinson. Tied to the hip to Al Smith's record, Robinson has consistently failed to separate himself from the unpopular incumbent president, leaving the Democrats scrambling to recover any ground at all.\n\nThe floundering Democratic effort has made room for all other significant candidates competing in this election. Long very blatantly hopes to cannibalise the Democratic base, and to render himself the de facto Democratic nominee. The Republicans meanwhile seek to take the votes of non-socialist progressives and liberals, while Farmer-Labor hopes to tear away the Democrats' working class constituents.\n\nThe failure of the Democrats has also made room for other efforts however. In Pennsylvania, Father James R. Cox, a Smith-supporting labour priest with ties to the local AFL and CIO, has launched his own “Jobless Party”, on who's ticket he intends to run for president. The ticket has appealed to some Smith-supporting Pennsylvania Catholics, as well as the unemployed, but it is not likely to be a strong effort. It is far from the only crow picking at the Democratic carcass however. Instead, it is just another example of how much the Democrats have failed."
 united_states_leadup_events.45.a: "We can't even win the people who like us."

 united_states_leadup_events.46.t: "Long's New Enforcers"
 united_states_leadup_events.46.d: "While militias have existed before even the American Revolution and played a major role in its history, the United States has not seen this degree of polarisation and organisation of its militias since the American Civil War over seven decades ago.\n\nWhen Huey Long first called for new \"Minutemen\", he might have simply been speaking rhetorically. However, the rapid proliferation of paramilitaries under this umbrella has seen them become the armed wing of his movement. Brandishing converted weapons and stockpiling ammunition, they have become increasingly visible at Long's rallies. Some wonder if they have become such a force in their own right that even Long is unable to fully control them. If that is indeed the case he has made no indication of it or any regret for their formation, frequently praising them in his recent speeches.\n\nTheir evolution has been rapid. The initial paramilitaries were loosely organised (often rival) bands begrudgingly sharing a label led by unstable radicals with dubious pasts engaging in small-scale skirmishes. Though still not quite a single unified entity, Minutemen closer to the Union Party centre have developed a more formal hierarchy. Their commanders, often respected military veterans, have turned the Minutemen into a dangerous fighting force (albeit still unable to contend with a conventional army): terrorising leftist gatherings, violently breaking up strikes and protests, and staging increasingly well-planned raids on the Red Guard.\n\nThere have been political consequences for Long however - while some moderates accept the violence as a necessary bulwark against a socialist revolution, many others have been turned off by the militarisation of the Union Party. As the worst atrocities of the Minutemen make it into the papers, Long is faced with a reckoning. Continuing to allow them to operate autonomously would leave some plausible deniability for Long but be a liability in the long term, but some doubt if he can even tighten the leash at all."
 united_states_leadup_events.46.a: "All armies need leadership."
 united_states_leadup_events.46.b: "The movement will take its own course."

 united_states_leadup_events.47.t: "The Young Bullmoose"
 united_states_leadup_events.47.d: "The Vice President rarely receives much attention on the campaign trail, but Quentin Roosevelt might be an exception. The youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt, Quentin grew up in the White House where he was a notorious troublemaker. He soon grew into an intelligent, thoughtful young man, attending Harvard University and becoming a noted writer. He also married prominent socialite Flora Payne Whitney, a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt. Trained in the ROTC in 1916, Quentin largely disliked the experience but even after graduation spent some time in the military and helped them develop a new military air wing.\n\nQuentin inherits his father's political legacy. Theodore Roosevelt Sr. was a prominent liberal Republican at the turn of the century, famous for embracing progressive movement policies at home and adopting an interventionist foreign policy abroad. Disgruntled with his successor William Taft's conservative policies, he attempted to run for a third term in 1912 at the helm of the Progressive Party, dubbed the \"Bull Moose Party\" after Roosevelt boasted he felt \"strong as a bull moose\" despite his loss at the 1912 Republican Convention. While the Bull Moose Party has long since disintegrated, the Roosevelt political legacy has not.\n\nQuentin leveraged his father's fame to help him win the 1932 New York Gubernatorial election, bringing the Republicans back into power in Albany. His implementation of progressive policies has made him a young standard-bearer for the liberal wing of the Republican party, helping shore up the party's support from the left."
 united_states_leadup_events.47.a: "The great hope of the GOP?"

 united_states_leadup_events.48.t: "Closing Arguments"
 united_states_leadup_events.48.d: "When elections come to a close, they end as an orchestral crescendo. Every candidate seeks to make their core message as widely known as possible, to capture every last undecided voter, to consolidate in the state where they are expected to do well and make a final push in the states which are still up for grabs.\n\nThis year of course is different only in scale. Four viable candidates campaign for the presidency, each with interweaving regional and political bases. The chaos of the four-horse race has allowed voters to cast their ballots without much regard for spoilage or strategic voting. As such, both the Democrats and Republicans have been forced to fight tooth and nail to keep their voters in line.\n\nAs the campaign nears its conclusion, the Republicans have put their young, bright face, Quentin Roosevelt, front and centre. A nationwide tour has seen the GOP recover some of its slippage in the polls, as Roosevelt's charisma and boyish charms make up for any shortcomings at the top of the ticket.\n\nIn recent months meanwhile, the Farmer-Labor campaign has increasingly been staffed by Socialist Party cadres, who have pushed the party's messaging in a more radical direction in spite of the wishes of the convention. Similarly, Huey Long's campaign has also become more and more militant, as the Minutemen briefly lay down their pistols and rifles to go pamphleteering for the Kingfish.\n\nWhere the other three parties are rising, the Democrats are stalling and falling. Though Vice President Robinson is an impassioned speaker, eight years of unpopular Democratic rule has made that party's brand poison, especially for a man so closely tied to Al Smith.\n\nClausewitz says that war is politics by other means. On the campaign trail, the opposite might be said to be true: as in war, each campaign seeks a decisive blow, a through-line, a winning message. As things stand, no breakthrough seems likely in the closing days of the campaign. We await the people's decision with bated breath."
 united_states_leadup_events.48.a: "Nothing left to do but wait."

 united_states_leadup_events.49.t: "Maritime Workers on Strike"
 united_states_leadup_events.49.d: "As the nationwide strike wave precipitated by worsening economic conditions continues to spread, militant labour organisations have been further emboldened to strike in key industries. The turn from October to November has seen a substantial up flare in industrial struggle in the maritime industry on both coasts.\n\nIn the west, CIO heavyweight Harry Bridges has sought to maintain the gains and replicate the success of the massive 1934 West Coast Longshoremen Strike, which culminated in a general strike in San Francisco. Bridges has united his International Longshoremen's Association with Harry Lundeberg's Sailors' Union of the Pacific, under the banner of the Maritime Federation of the Pacific, which has now brought all shipping on the West Coast to a halt, with both longshoremen and sailors refusing to work.\n\nOn the gulf coast, parallel developments have led to the emergence of the Maritime Federation of the Gulf Coast, a union inspired by Bridges and Lundeberg's organisation. Rejecting the AFL's International Seamen's Union, the SPA-influenced unionists have initiated a wildcat strike. Compared to their West Coast counterparts, the Gulf Coast strikers have struggled with law enforcement and maintaining racial solidarity, though both coasts have seen significant incidences of violence against police and “yellow” union officials.\n\nThe total shutdown of West Coast shipping is certainly the most concerning impact of this latest strike. The potential impact on food supply chains in particular is of grave consequence. Though any impact is unlikely to be felt before voters go to the polls, the same cannot be said of the industrial conflict that has been brewing throughout the past year."
 united_states_leadup_events.49.a: "I think I've heard enough union hymns for a lifetime!"

 united_states_leadup_events.50.t: "The 1936 Election"
 united_states_leadup_events.50.d: "Throughout the year, the American people have been waiting for the election with bated breath. Some have been eager to finally be able to express their full dissatisfaction with the current state of the country, to tear down the current administration and bring about a new dawn by electing their preferred candidate of change. Others have fearfully awaited the likely consequences of a contested and violent election, likely to be the peak of growing radical political activity, which has dominated the headlines this year.\n\nAmericans this year have come to the polls in droves. Turnout has increased compared to 1932 by over 7 percent, driven by increased participation of women and working class voters. Incidents of violence at polling stations, both towards political opponents and poll workers, have been reported in numerous locations, particularly in socialist-dominated northern municipalities (where the Red Guards and Minutemen compete with ferocity), however it has not been as overwhelming an issue as we might have feared. With most states using the secret “Australian ballot”, the effects of voter intimidation has been reflectively limited.\n\nIn any case, as Americans go to the polls, we await the results with a great deal of anticipation. While it is quite likely that the election will end without a winner on election day, just as it did four years ago, we can hope beyond hope that the election provides some resolution to the country's political ills."
 united_states_leadup_events.50.a: "And the results are in..."

 united_states_leadup_events.51.t: "No Winner!"
 united_states_leadup_events.51.d.intro: "As the votes came in, it quickly became clear that none of the four major candidates had a decisive advantage. Long, the Republicans, and Farmer-Labor each captured their “safe” states: the Republicans won upper New England and Indiana decisively, Long swept the deep south, and Farmer-Labor won a stretch of states from West Virginia to North Dakota.\n\nThe real story of the night was the complete collapse of the Democratic vote. Appearing to fall to fourth place both in the popular and electoral vote, the Democrats struggled to win beyond their safest states, such as Virginia and Texas. Dragged down by eight years of unpopular Democratic government, the incumbent party has collapsed in a manner scarcely predicted by even the most pessimistic observers.\n\nAs the final votes come in, it is now clear that no party will win a majority of the electoral vote. With the Republicans and Farmer-Labor contesting the top two places, Long and the Union Party in third, and the Democrats in fourth, a contingent election will now have to be held in Congress. The complete collapse of the Democrats however throws a wrench in the process: since the Democrats fell below third place, Joe T. Robinson will not be a candidate in the contingent election.\n\nInstead, the House of Representatives will be faced with a choice of the Republicans, Farmer-Labor, and Long. The continued strength of the Democratic delegation however means that the clearest losers of this election will still play a decisive role in electing the next president."
 united_states_leadup_events.51.d.republican: "$united_states_leadup_events.51.d.intro$\n\nThese results are anything but decisive. Already, Long has claimed victory, in spite of his coming in a clear third in the electoral college. The popular vote winners, the Republicans, have called for calm and trust in the process, clearly expecting to win in the House off of an establishment coalition. In any case, we can now know for sure that the election, and indeed the country's political woes, will not be solved this November."
 united_states_leadup_events.51.d.olson: "$united_states_leadup_events.51.d.intro$\n\nThese results are anything but decisive. Already, Long has claimed victory, in spite of his coming in a clear third in the electoral college. The popular vote winners, Farmer-Labor, have called for Congress to heed the “will of the people”, doubtless worried that the establishment majority will snub their candidate. In any case, we can now know for sure that the election, and indeed the country's political woes, will not be solved this November."
 united_states_leadup_events.51.d.long: "$united_states_leadup_events.51.d.intro$\n\nThese results are anything but decisive. Already, Long has claimed victory, as in spite of his coming in a clear third in the electoral college, he has managed to eke out a popular vote victory. Long now rails against the “theft” of the election from the people, demanding that Congress elect him on the basis of his popular vote win and supposed electoral fraud. In any case, we can now know for sure that the election, and indeed the country's political woes, will not be solved this November."
 united_states_leadup_events.51.a: "The worst possible outcome of all."

 united_states_leadup_events.52.t: "Accusations of Fraud"
 united_states_leadup_events.52.d: "The indecisive election results have left no parties satisfied. With many devoted partisans (particularly from the radical parties) fuming at their candidate's failure to win decisively, allegations of foul play and systemic rigging of election results have entered the public discourse. Across the nation, claims that local or state or even federal authorities have manipulated the results of the election have grown louder and louder, yet another symptom of collapsing faith in America's institutions.\n\nThe Socialist Party has used reports from their poll watchers of numerous instances of attempted discarding of Socialist and Farmer-Labor ballots to claim a systemic nationwide undercount of Farmer-Labor votes. They have also denounced the suppression of the African-American vote in the south, a fact of life since the end of Reconstruction, and claimed that, had southern blacks been able to vote, they would have delivered several states to the Farmer-Labor column.\n\nHuey Long meanwhile has thrown around numerous claims regarding vote manipulation. Claiming Republican and Socialist municipal politicians cost him hundreds of thousands of city votes, Long has sued numerous states for recounts of their ballots. Such claims seem rather hypocritical however, when accounting for the infamous practices of his own machine, as well as the Democratic machines allied with him, such as the Pendergast Machine in Kansas City.\n\nThough lawsuits surrounding most claims of fraud are unlikely to hold up in court, the very fact that such claims are so commonplace is a dire sign for the legitimacy of American elections. If millions of voters will not accept their candidate's defeat, how can we have a stable and civil political culture?"
 united_states_leadup_events.52.a: "November is never going to end, is it..."

 united_states_leadup_events.53.t: "Fear and Loathing in New York"
 united_states_leadup_events.53.d: "As the aftermath of the election continues to unfold, the myriad disputes and contestations surrounding the results have grown in intensity and stakes. What has emerged as by far the most significant electoral dispute has been that surrounding the election for the governorship of New York. In a tight three-way race, the Democrats, Republicans, and Farmer-Labor have all claimed victory, demanding recounts of various batches of votes they suspect to be fraudulent.\n\nIncumbent Governor Quentin Roosevelt was, at the beginning of the year, widely expected to win re-election handedly. His selection as the GOP's nominee for Vice President however ended his bid for re-election, resulting in an open race for the Republican nomination and the governorship. The new Republican nominee, famed urban planner Robert Moses, holds more conservative positions than Roosevelt. His comparative conservatism allowed the Democratic nominee, Former Governor Herbert Lehman, to make a play for the non-socialist progressive vote.\n\nThe race was rounded out by the Farmer-Labor candidate, SPA official Benjamin Gitlow. Though the New York Farmer-Labor Party includes many non-socialist progressives, its largest component by far is the New York Socialist Party. Gitlow, a protege and close ally of John Reed, has, in spite of his radicalism compared to figures such as the Farmer-Labor mayor of New York City, Fiorello La Guardia, cornered the labour vote, and effectively mounted a competitive bid for the governorship.\n\nThough few could predict how the close race would turn out, fewer still would have expected a three-way tie. All three parties have claimed victory, and numerous recounts in key counties have been ordered. As things stand, our advisors expect Lehman to pull ahead based on the numbers available to us, however it appears likely that the Socialists will refuse to concede no matter what any court orders."
 united_states_leadup_events.53.a: "Concerning."

 united_states_leadup_events.54.t: "The Conservative Coalition"
 united_states_leadup_events.54.d: "If anything can be gleaned from the election results in November, it is that the conservative politics of the Smith Administration have been utterly repudiated by the American voting public. All three candidates who are eligible to be elected in the contingent election campaigned on a platform of change, be it moderate (in the case of the GOP), progressive (in the case of Farmer-Labor), or populist (in the case of Long). Robinson, the candidate most representative of continuity, was soundly crushed both in the popular vote and the electoral college.\n\nNevertheless, conservatives in Congress have not taken this setback lying down. Bracing for a political environment that, in any case, is likely to see substantial attempts to affect change in American politics, conservatives in both the Democratic and Republican parties have met informally to discuss shared tactics going forward.\n\nThe result has now been dubbed the “Conservative Coalition”, an unofficial alliance united behind general conservative principles. The “conservative manifesto”, released by Democratic Senator from North Carolina Josiah Bailey and co-signed by several conservatives of both parties as a framework for the alliance, endorses sound financing, limited government intervention in the economy, and a conservative labour policy as its core tenets.\n\nBoth Farmer-Labor and Long have denounced the new alliance as a haven for vested interests. Nevertheless, the new bloc is sizable, and is already preparing to make life hell for any overly radical incoming president. The bloc has also taken the liberty of meeting with several figures of national importance, such as General Douglas MacArthur and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, to better assess the growing radical violence taking place nationwide."
 united_states_leadup_events.54.a: "They're free to voice their opinions too."

 united_states_leadup_events.55.t: "Strike Wave Intensifies"
 united_states_leadup_events.55.d: "For over a year now, since even before the economic downturn of February, militant labour action has steadily grown both in intensity and scale across the country. The lack of any certainty of policy following the election has only intensified this trend, as SPA and CIO rabble-rousers proclaim that the contested election will be used as an excuse for government inaction on the economy and on protecting the right to organise.\n\nOn both coasts, the maritime strike launched by Harry Bridges continues into its second month. Though the federal government has once again offered to mediate, both the companies and the union have sought a decisive victory: with both sides being more militarised than in 1934, Minutemen and Red Guards clash in San Francisco and other port cities, egged on by both sides.\n\nIn the east, tensions in the industrial core of the nation have once again flared up. William Z. Foster, the CIO's leading ultrasyndicalist and architect of the 1931 Great Steel Strike, has turned his attention to “little steel”, which escaped unionisation in 1931 while U.S. Steel was forced to the table. Now, after his near fatal heart attack, Foster has re-emerged onto the scene with a bang, hoping to impose a similar deal on its minor competitors. The strike has quickly turned violent, with several workers and paramilitaries dead.\n\nNearby in Detroit, the UAW, accepted by the motor industry as a fait accompli after the success of the steel strike, has launched another round of industrial action against General Motors, after GM announced plans to close down several factories. Intending to protect their members' employment, the union has rallied around leading figure Walter Reuther, who, in spite of his injuries earlier this year, has managed an energetic organising and picketing effort.\n\nWhatever the outcome of the election, the labour train appears to be headed on a collision course with every established authority in this nation. We can only hope it can be halted by peaceful means."
 united_states_leadup_events.55.a: "Our reward for eight years helping them."

 united_states_leadup_events.56.t: "The Electoral College Meets"
 united_states_leadup_events.56.d: "Today, the various presidential electors from all 48 states have met to cast their ballots for the presidency. In the United States, votes in presidential elections are technically not cast for the presidential candidates themselves, but rather for slates of electors pledged to vote on behalf of their candidates in the legally binding election. Though usually a mere formality, the electoral college has sometimes had significance beyond mere civic ritual: though electors are generally loyal party men, they, on occasion, break with their pledges to vote for alternative candidates, becoming “faithless” electors.\n\nThe careful vetting of candidates in this high-stakes election has precluded the possibility of any faithless electors this year. The electoral college has voted in lockstep with what was expected of it. As such, we can now know with absolute certainty that there will be no outright winner in the election. Instead, there will now have to be a contingent election in Congress to separately elect a president and vice president, just as there was four years ago in 1932.\n\nThough Al Smith and Joe Robinson rode relatively easily to re-election in the House and Senate that year, due to continued Democratic strength, this year things are much less certain. Though the Senate (which elects the vice president and is still dominated by the establishment parties) is likely to elect Quentin Roosevelt to the no.2 spot, the House (which elects the president) is a general mess, and few can predict the direction in which the wind will blow."
 united_states_leadup_events.56.a: "An inauspicious end to the year."

 united_states_leadup_events.57.t: "Vice President Robinson Dies"
 united_states_leadup_events.57.d: "Since his smashing defeat in the presidential election the better part of two months ago, Vice President Joe T. Robinson has kept a relatively low profile. With little left in his career but to preside over the certification of the results of the election he disastrously lost, few have expected much of Robinson before his presumed post-vice presidential retirement, especially as the attention of the nation is focused on other, more pressing matters.\n\nNow however, Robinson has been spared the ignominy of presiding over his own defeat. Today, news has come from Washington of the vice president's passing. After complaining of chest pains two days ago, he died of heart failure, probably brought about by the stress of campaigning. The decisive loss of his home state in the election to his enemy, Huey Long, also weighed heavily on the vice president in his last days.\n\nWith Robinson's death, the duty of certifying the results of the election will pass to the president pro tempore of the Senate. Both President Smith and numerous members of both the House and Senate paid their respects to Robinson, a veteran legislator as Senator from Arkansas. Both the Republican and Farmer-Labor nominees sent their condolences, while Huey Long gave a brief acknowledgement of Robinson's death."
 united_states_leadup_events.57.a: "Rest in peace."

 united_states_leadup_events.58.t: "Workers Seize GM Plants"
 united_states_leadup_events.58.d: "General Motors' planned closure of factories in Detroit have run into perhaps the worst case scenario; the spontaneous occupation of the factories by the working class itself. Walter Reuther, still sporting bandages from the so-called Battle of the Overpass from months ago, was seen shaking the hands of many an auto-worker after the UAW led the effort with a series of wildcat strikes and direct actions increasingly bordering on the revolutionary. Organising the workers into elected committees based on factory as well as overall Union affiliation (be it IWW, CIO, or in some cases sparse AFL radicals or previously unaffiliated workers), the SPA have essentially began the direct formation of dual-power structures within the nation's industrial heartland. The state government has completely crumbled in response to the workers' demands, and has immediately agreed to pay markedly increased wages using federal funds, de-facto nationalizing the plants without compensation to a furious GM.\n\nA flurry of furious legal suits is nothing new for the times, especially at this point, but the scale is almost unprecedented. The government's panicked concession sent the most worrying message to business leaders across the country, too paralyzed to do anything about the disruption of normal commerce. As the CIO organises the self-defence and armament of the newly socialized factories, a dreadful question once thought unthinkable began to bubble onto the lips of worker and boss alike."
 united_states_leadup_events.58.a: "How long do we have until it all boils over?"

 united_states_leadup_events.59.t: "The 75th Congress"
 united_states_leadup_events.59.d.olson: "$united_states_leadup_events.59.d.body.start$\n\nOne final option would be to assemble a coalition with Farmer-Labor to elect Floyd Olson President. Though there is much reticence among conservatives about letting Farmer-Labor into the White House, the mood of the country is clearly inclined towards change, and Olson may be able to finally diffuse the growing labour unrest in the midwest.\n\n$united_states_leadup_events.59.d.body.end$"
 united_states_leadup_events.59.d.thomas: "$united_states_leadup_events.59.d.body.start$\n\nThough Farmer-Labor nominee Norman Thomas is also an available candidate, the thought of putting an outright socialist in the White House has been shut down by conservatives and moderate liberals alike.\n\n$united_states_leadup_events.59.d.body.end$"
 united_states_leadup_events.59.d.body.start: "After nearly two months of post-election turmoil, the 75th Congress has met in Washington for the first time. The indecisive results of the Presidential election have resulted in two highly divided chambers, now having to wrangle in order to form any sort of majority, not only to elect a Speaker, but also, since the Electoral College failed to do so, elect a President.\n\nThe Democratic caucus is placed in a unique position compared to the other parties in Congress however: Its candidate for President came fourth in November, and will thus not be a candidate in the contingent election. This leaves the Democratic representatives as de facto kingmakers, as they cannot vote for their own candidate, and must therefore support the nominee of another party.\n\nOn the one hand, most simply, they can form an establishment oriented coalition to elect the Republican nominee. The Democrats and Republicans together have a thin majority, so finding the votes for this should be fairly simple. As the Republicans have indicated a willingness to allow John Nance Garner to remain as Speaker if their candidate is elected, it should be easy to bring most Democrats on board with the idea.\n\nAlternatively, the Democrats could cobble together a coalition of Democrats, Progressive Republicans, and moderate Farmer-Laborites to elect Huey Long President. Though many Democrats disdain Long, he retains significant ties to his old party, and elevating him to the Presidency may help heal the wounds of last year's campaign."
 united_states_leadup_events.59.d.body.end: "Before a contingent election is held, a Speaker must first be elected to preside over the House. Since the Speaker will also be able to influence the voting rules of the contingent election, it is likely that whatever coalition elects a Speaker will also elect the President. Should the House fail to elect a Speaker, it is likely that it will be difficult for any faction to build a majority behind their candidate, potentially leaving the country in constitutional limbo."
 united_states_leadup_events.59.a: "The mood is for change, Farmer-Labor should have a chance."
 united_states_leadup_events.59.b: "We must put country over party and join with the Republicans."
 united_states_leadup_events.59.c: "Long is still a Democrat at heart, a Progressive coalition will elect him."
 united_states_leadup_events.59.e: "The deadlock in Congress cannot be overcome..."

 united_states_leadup_events.60.t: "Olson Elected President"
 united_states_leadup_events.60.d: "After several abortive ballots, it appeared as if the House may be sent into chaos. For a time, it appeared as if the election of a Speaker might take several days, perhaps even delaying the election of a president. With pressure mounting however, a breakthrough occurred on the second day of voting. A deal was struck between a majority of the Democratic caucus and Farmer-Labor, as well as a handful of progressive Republicans.\n\nIn exchange for Farmer-Labor votes for John Nance Garner for speaker, a majority of Democrats agreed to vote for Floyd Olson for President, contingent on the nomination of several Democrats to the cabinet. With Garner in the speakership, the contingent election went ahead without much incident: after a couple of false starts, the main key Democratic holdouts gave way for Olson in the third round of voting. With that, Floyd Olson was formally elected the 32nd President of the United States.\n\nOlson's election immediately brought about significant protests from the conservative contingent in Congress. Several southern reactionary Democrats walked out upon the election of a “socialist” to the nation's highest office. News of Olson's election travelled quickly, and the new president-elect has now quickly begun to assemble his multi-party cabinet. The loss of two months of preparation time between the election and the inauguration has resulted in a rush in Washington, as federal officials only have two weeks to prepare for Olson to take office.\n\nNevertheless, the firm election of a president comes as a relief across the nation. With the country in economic and social crisis, we can only hope that Olson will have more luck than we have had over the past year."
 united_states_leadup_events.60.a: "Let's hope he keeps the Reds in check..."

 united_states_leadup_events.61.t: "Borah Elected President"
 united_states_leadup_events.61.d: "After several abortive ballots, it appeared as if the House may be sent into chaos. For a time, it appeared as if the election of a Speaker might take several days, perhaps even delaying the election of a president. With pressure mounting however, a breakthrough occurred not long after voting began. A deal was struck between the Democratic and Republican contingents in the House, as well as a handful of non-socialist Farmer-Laborites.\n\nIn exchange for Republican votes for John Nance Garner for speaker, most Democrats agreed to vote for William Borah for President, contingent on the nomination of several Democrats to the cabinet. With Garner in the speakership, the contingent election went ahead without much incident: only a single round of voting was required to confirm the election of Borah, as the combined Democratic-Republican majority held more than enough state delegations to push him through on the first ballot. With that, William Borah was formally elected the 32nd President of the United States.\n\nBorah's election, widely regarded as the most likely outcome going into the new Congress, went by with little protest from the congressional centre. The Socialists walked out in protest, but broadly the election has been received positively. News of Borah's election travelled quickly, and the new president-elect has now quickly begun to assemble his two-party cabinet. The loss of two months of preparation time between the election and the inauguration has resulted in a rush in Washington, as federal officials only have two weeks to prepare for Borah to take office.\n\nNevertheless, the firm election of a president comes as a relief across the nation. With the country in economic and social crisis, we can only hope that Borah will have more luck than we have had over the past year."
 united_states_leadup_events.61.a: "Send our congratulations."

 united_states_leadup_events.62.t: "Landon Elected President"
 united_states_leadup_events.62.d: "After several abortive ballots, it appeared as if the House may be sent into chaos. For a time, it appeared as if the election of a Speaker might take several days, perhaps even delaying the election of a president. With pressure mounting however, a breakthrough occurred not long after voting began. A deal was struck between the Democratic and Republican contingents in the House.\n\nIn exchange for Republican votes for John Nance Garner for speaker, most Democrats agreed to vote for Alf Landon for President, contingent on the nomination of several Democrats to the cabinet. With Garner in the speakership, the contingent election went ahead without much incident: only a single round of voting was required to confirm the election of Landon, as the combined Democratic-Republican majority held more than enough state delegations to push him through on the first ballot. With that, Alf Landon was formally elected the 32nd President of the United States.\n\nLandon's election, widely regarded as the most likely outcome going into the new Congress, went by with little protest from the congressional centre. The Socialists and Longists walked out, in protest, but broadly the election has been received positively. News of Landon's election travelled quickly, and the new president-elect has now quickly begun to assemble his two-party cabinet. The loss of two months of preparation time between the election and the inauguration has resulted in a rush in Washington, as federal officials only have two weeks to prepare for Landon to take office.\n\nNevertheless, the firm election of a president comes as a relief across the nation. With the country in economic and social crisis, we can only hope that Landon will have more luck than we have had over the past year."
 united_states_leadup_events.62.a: "The best we could hope for, all things considered."

 united_states_leadup_events.63.t: "Long Elected President"
 united_states_leadup_events.63.d: "After several abortive ballots, it appeared as if the House may be sent into chaos. For a time, it appeared as if the election of a Speaker might take several days, perhaps even delaying the election of a president. With pressure mounting however, a breakthrough occurred not long after voting began. A deal was struck between a hodgepodge coalition of Democrats, progressive Republicans, and non-socialist Farmer-Laborites.\n\nIn exchange for the necessary votes for John Nance Garner for speaker, the coalition agreed to vote for Huey Long for President, contingent on the nomination of a wide range of partisan figures to the cabinet. With Garner in the speakership, the contingent election went ahead: though it initially seemed as if the deal might fall apart at the first hurdle, after the fifth round of voting, the final Democratic holdouts gave way for Long. With that, Huey Long was formally elected the 32nd President of the United States.\n\nLong's election immediately brought about a ruckus in Congress. A diverse selection of Socialists, Republicans, and other members of every party walked out upon Long's confirmation. News of Long's election travelled quickly, and the new president-elect has now quickly begun to assemble his multi-party cabinet. The loss of two months of preparation time between the election and the inauguration has resulted in a rush in Washington, as federal officials only have two weeks to prepare for Long to take office.\n\nNevertheless, the firm election of a president comes as a relief across the nation, regardless of our feelings towards the president-elect in question. With the country in economic and social crisis, we can only hope that Long will have more luck than we have had over the past year, even if we have our doubts."
 united_states_leadup_events.63.a: "I have nothing to say to him."

 united_states_leadup_events.64.t: "The Popular Vote Controversy"
 united_states_leadup_events.64.d.intro: "In our constitution, there is no requirement that the winner of the most votes in the nationwide presidential election is necessarily the winner. On five prior occasions (in 1824, 1876, 1888, 1920, and 1932), the winner of the popular vote did not end up winning the presidency, either because of a divide between the Electoral College and the popular vote, or because a contingent election in the house selected a candidate other than the popular vote winner.\n\nNow, 1936 has become the sixth such occasion, and the third in a space of 17 years. The House has, for the second time in a row, selected a less popular candidate for the presidency. Though this does not have any legal bearing on the president's legitimacy, it is obviously a less than ideal situation for the legitimacy of our democratic institutions: in the wake of the contingent election, small protests popped up across the nation denouncing Congress' choice to “ignore the people's will”."
 united_states_leadup_events.64.d.republican: "$united_states_leadup_events.64.d.intro$\n\nThe Republican Party, whose candidate won the popular vote, has entered into a series of factional scuffles over their failure to force the election of their nominee. Various congressional Republican factions are blaming one another for the loss of cohesion that resulted in the Democrats settling on an alternative political course. Nevertheless, most Republicans have, reluctantly, accepted the results."
 united_states_leadup_events.64.d.olson: "$united_states_leadup_events.64.d.intro$\n\nSince the contingent election, popular vote winner Floyd Olson has mostly retreated from public view. That has left other forces within Farmer-Labor to take hold of the protest movement, namely the Socialist Party. The Socialists have seized on the House's choice of a less popular candidate, denouncing American democracy as a sham and calling for a complete revision of the constitution. The fact that such a platform has any mainstream appeal at all is a dire sign of the times."
 united_states_leadup_events.64.d.long: "$united_states_leadup_events.64.d.intro$\n\nThe man claiming to represent that “popular will” has certainly not gone away quietly. Denouncing the “corrupt bargain” that saw him be denied the White House, Huey Long has eagerly embraced the anger among his supporters, who believe that the election was stolen from them by a corrupt political establishment. Despite hopes to the contrary, it's likely that Long will remain a thorn in the side of the incoming administration."
 united_states_leadup_events.64.a: "Can we keep going on like this?"

 united_states_leadup_events.65.t: "Quentin Roosevelt Elected Vice President"
 united_states_leadup_events.65.d.intro: "The election of a president in the House of Representatives has broadly come as a relief in Washington. Regardless of the differences of political opinion surrounding the election, the end of the uncertainty that lasted for two months between the voting in November and the contingent election in the House has come as a great relief to the nation.\n\nThe House election however has not resolved all of the loose ends of the election. There remains the question of the vice presidency: in a contingent election, instead of being elected in the House like the president, the vice president is elected in the Senate in a separate vote. Due to the greater hurdles required to be elected to the Senate, the chamber remains dominated by the establishment parties, which, between them, still hold a supermajority.\n\nToday, that supermajority has met to elect the new Vice President. Between the top two candidates in the electoral college, the Senate has elected the Republican nominee, Quentin Roosevelt, to the vice presidency. Roosevelt, the widely popular son of the late Former President Theodore Roosevelt, had little trouble assembling a Senate majority behind him, especially when placed up against the more radical Farmer-Labor candidate."
 united_states_leadup_events.65.d.republican: "$united_states_leadup_events.65.d.intro$\n\nRoosevelt's election comes as a boon to the newly elected Republican president-elect. The election of the entire Republican ticket represents a seemingly small but important victory for the GOP. With Roosevelt expected to take a key role in the administration, it seems likely that the new president will lean on his youth and popularity to support his administration in these troubled times."
 united_states_leadup_events.65.d.olson: "$united_states_leadup_events.65.d.intro$\n\nRoosevelt's election is a point of inconvenience to President-Elect Floyd Olson. Olson had hoped the entire Farmer-Labor ticket would enter the White House, however it was always regarded as likely that Norman Thomas would fail to be elected by the Senate. Nevertheless, Olson has indicated his desire to have a functioning relationship with the vice president he has had foisted upon him. We can only hope they can work together in these troubled times."
 united_states_leadup_events.65.d.long: "$united_states_leadup_events.65.d.intro$\n\nRoosevelt's election is a point of inconvenience to President-Elect Huey Long. Since Long came third in the Electoral College, his running mate was not available in the contingent election in the Senate. As such, Long's supporters (including himself) reluctantly voted for Roosevelt as the lesser of two evils. Nevertheless, Long has reached out to Roosevelt, hoping to have a productive relationship with his new vice president. Some have even hoped that an influential Roosevelt may serve to moderate Long's more radical tendencies. In any case, we can only hope Roosevelt's election heralds better days in these troubled times."
 united_states_leadup_events.65.a: "Some good news for once."

 united_states_leadup_events.66.t: "Electoral Chaos"
 united_states_leadup_events.66.d: "Several days of frantic balloting have made a mess of the house floor. Frantic negotiation, horse trading, demands, threats, every card in the politician's playbook. And yet, after days of fighting (approaching very literal levels), the House is still no closer to electing a speaker.\n\nWith the time for the certification of the presidential election results fast approaching, previous Speaker John Nance Garner made one last desperate push to win the speakership. He failed, by an even larger margin than he had previously. With no speaker, the House is in no state to negotiate for the election of a president. Though preliminary legal advice has indicated that the house should be able to participate in the joint session of Congress which will certify the results of the election, there is little hope of putting together a coalition to actually elect a president after the results are certified.\n\nWorse still, the Senate is feeling the effects of the deadlock in the house. Even though the composition of the Senate should make a compromise much easier, Democrats thus far have failed to reach a deal with the Republicans to elect Quentin Roosevelt vice president, as some Republicans have even gone so far as to accuse Democratic leadership of obstructing the election so Cordell Hull will become acting president on the 20th.\n\nWith it quickly becoming a distinct possibility that, come January 20th there will be no President of the United States, Washington has gone into panic mode. Preparations for any incoming administration are impossible when there is no certainty that there will be any new administration at all. The nationwide strike wave has picked up further steam, and President Smith has been briefed about the army's ability to contain a nationwide insurrection.\n\nWith only two weeks to go, we can only hope that the House can resolve this situation before it is too late."
 united_states_leadup_events.66.a: "What the hell are they doing?"

 united_states_leadup_events.67.t: "The Inauguration of Floyd Olson"
 united_states_leadup_events.67.d: "With less than three weeks between the contingent election and the inauguration, horse-trading over the makeup of the incoming cabinet kicked into high gear. Meanwhile the strike wave of 1936 has shown little signs of stopping, and neither has the political violence engulfing the nation. Despite this, America was willing to stop for a day to listen to their new President speak. With all eyes upon him, he began his speech with the usual boilerplate statements calling for unity, promising a smooth transition, and also vowing to work with Vice President Roosevelt.\n\nBut Olson quickly took a more argumentative tone, saying that \"a nation cannot be preserved which does not preserve its citizens. Industry is retrenching, reducing wages, lowering the standard of living, destroying buying power, and throwing more and more men and women on the streets to shift for themselves. Just how that is going to solve our economic problems is beyond understanding!\".\n\nAll the while, the hapless establishment has done little. \"Never have the Republican and Democratic parties, both nationally and locally, been quite so low in morale and so bankrupt in ideas as today. They have stood like men dazed, watching the parade go by, and not knowing what it is all about.\" To him, only decisive action could save the republic, decisive action was what he was elected to do, and therefore decisive action he will take.\n\nTo those accusing him of trampling on civil liberties in the process, Olson roared with questions of his own: \"Whose liberty? Liberty for what purpose? Liberty of the Citizens' Alliance to arm thugs to shoot defenceless strikers in the back? Liberty of promoters of spurious stocks to fleece widows and orphans? Liberty of millionaires to escape taxation? Liberty to make slaves of workers and serfs of farmers? These are the individual liberties that these people mean!\"\n\nPresident Olson has a long, difficult road ahead of him, but it is clear that America is ready to chart a new path."
 united_states_leadup_events.67.a: "Hail to the Chief."

 united_states_leadup_events.68.t: "The Inauguration of William Borah"
 united_states_leadup_events.68.d: "With less than three weeks between the contingent election and the inauguration, horse-trading over the makeup of the incoming cabinet kicked into high gear. Meanwhile the strike wave of 1936 has shown little signs of stopping, and neither has the political violence engulfing the nation. Despite this, America was willing to stop for a day to listen to their new President speak. With all eyes upon him, he began his speech with the usual boilerplate statements calling for unity, promising a smooth transition, and also vowing to work with Vice President Roosevelt.\n\nBut Borah would hardly be content with a generic speech. Nicknamed the \"Great Opposer\" for his outspoken stances in Congress, he is a famed orator compared to the great American statesmen Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and John Calhoun.\n\nWith the nation in the midst of a crisis, Borah spoke for over two hours without notes - addressing topics ranging from political gridlock, the economic depression, social justice, domestic violence and even touching slightly on international affairs. Invoking American patriotism, he said that \"if we have erred we have erred out of too much love for those things which from childhood you and we together were taught to revere,\" calling for a united effort towards change.\n\nDespite this, he took a harder line on radicalism, quoting Lincoln's warning to \"entertain no compromise; have none of it.\" He stated that \"there is nothing that dies so hard and rallies so often as intolerance. The vices and passions which it summons to its support are the most ruthless and the most persistent harbored in the human breast. They sometimes sleep but they never seem to die. Anything, any extraordinary situation, any unnecessary controversy, may light those fires again and plant in our republic that which has destroyed every republic which undertook to nurse it.\"\n\nTo some, Borah's impassioned speech moved them to tears. To others, however, he spoke much but said little."
 united_states_leadup_events.68.a: "Hail to the Chief."

 united_states_leadup_events.69.t: "The Inauguration of Alf Landon"
 united_states_leadup_events.69.d: "With less than three weeks between the contingent election and the inauguration, horse-trading over the makeup of the incoming cabinet kicked into high gear. Meanwhile the strike wave of 1936 has shown little signs of stopping, and neither has the political violence engulfing the nation. Despite this, America was willing to stop for a day to listen to their new President speak. With all eyes upon him, he began his speech with the usual boilerplate statements calling for unity, promising a smooth transition, and also vowing to work with Vice President Roosevelt.\n\nLandon tried to give Americans a feeling of normalcy. He prayed for \"Divine Guidance to make (him) worthy of the faith and the confidence which (they) have shown in (him)\" and expressed his hope for \"every man and woman in this nation to understand (his) every word, for (he) speak(s) of issues deeply concerning us all.\"\n\nHe declared that \"the time has come to stop this fumbling with recovery\" and that \"the country is ripe for recovery.\" Praising American initiative, he pointed out that the American enterprises amount to billions of dollars and predicted that \"once all this consumer demand is released, the problem will be not where to find work for the workers, but where to find workers for the work.\"\n\nLandon continued by saying that \"one of the signs of the ending of past depressions was the launching of new business ventures. It is true that most of them were small. Altogether, however, they provided work for many millions of people.\" The current depression has seen few new ventures however because \"the small business man, the working man who would like to become his own boss - the average American - has hesitated to start out for himself. He lacks confidence in the soundness of Federal policy; he is afraid of what may come next.\"\n\nHe vowed to dispel this fear and \"unshackle initiative and free the spirit of American enterprise.\" But many fear he will merely unshackle further radicalism instead."
 united_states_leadup_events.69.a: "Hail to the Chief."

 united_states_leadup_events.70.t: "The Inauguration of Huey Long"
 united_states_leadup_events.70.d: "With less than three weeks between the contingent election and the inauguration, horse-trading over the makeup of the incoming cabinet kicked into high gear. Meanwhile the strike wave of 1936 has shown little signs of stopping, and neither has the political violence engulfing the nation. Despite this, America was willing to stop for a day to listen to their new President speak. With all eyes upon him, he began his speech with the usual boilerplate statements calling for unity, promising a smooth transition, and also vowing to work with Vice President Roosevelt.\n\nLong held little back, grimly noting that \"people today are seeing their own children hungry, tired, half-naked, lifting their tear-dimmed eyes into the sad faces of fathers and mothers, who cannot give them food and clothing they both need, and which is necessary to sustain them, and that goes on day after day, and night after night, when day gets into darkness and blackness, knowing those children would arise in the morning without being fed, and probably go to bed at night without being fed.\"\n\nHe reminded the nation that he does not \"propose to say that there shall be no rich men,\" only that \"when one man gets more than he and his children and children's children can spend or use in their lifetimes, that then we shall say that such person has his share.\"\n\nControversially, he said that \"they say they don't like my methods. Well, I don't like them either. I really don't like to have to do things the way I do. I'd much rather get up before the legislature and say, 'Now this is a good law and it's for the benefit of the people, and I'd like you to vote for it in the interest of the public welfare.' Only I know that laws ain't made that way. You've got to fight fire with fire.\"\n\nThe new President closed by saying that his voice \"will be the same as it has been\", regardless of patronage, fear, or persecution. But whether or not that should draw praise or fear has increasingly polarised the nation."
 united_states_leadup_events.70.a: "Hail to the Chief."

 united_states_leadup_events.71.t: "Midnight"
 united_states_leadup_events.71.d: "For the past two weeks, Congress has been locked in an endless gridlock. No party or group has been willing or able to compromise in order to create a majority needed to elect a president or a vice president. As the country descends into rioting, mass strikes, and political violence, the election continues to be uncertified, preventing the election of either a president or a vice president.\n\nYesterday, previous Speaker John Nance Garner made one last desperate push to form a working coalition. With his own party conference unwilling to agree to commit their support to any presidential ticket however, his attempt failed just as all his previous ones had. It was now certain that, come the 20th, there would be no elected president to take office.\n\nPresident Smith has had two weeks to prepare his administration for this eventuality. His solution has been to ask his cabinet not to hand in their resignations (conventionally done upon the inauguration of a new president), and to instead stay in their current positions until a new president is elected. As a result, at 12:00 noon, January 20th, 1937, when Smith was to leave office, Cordell Hull, the incumbent Secretary of State, would become acting president, as per the Presidential Succession Act of 1886.\n\nToday that time has come. At noon, Former President Al Smith left office without a successor, leaving the office vacant for the first time in nearly 150 years. Immediately, Cordell Hull entered the Oval Office as the Acting President of the United States."
 united_states_leadup_events.71.a: "God help us all."

 united_states_leadup_events.80.t: "Mass Layoffs"
 united_states_leadup_events.80.d: "Unless you were a farmer, 1925 was, for the most part, a fine year if you weren't a businessman. The collapse in trade with Britain which began the Great Depression did not initially lead to mass unemployment. It was only late in the year that the walloping of business trickled down to the workers, and mass layoffs began. The depression began in the boardroom, but ultimately, it could never have stayed there.\n\nThe relapse in the depression brought about by Black Monday has gone through a similar cycle. February saw the New York Stock Exchange once again plummet, but that did not have an immediate effect on production. Well accustomed to the “bust” part of the “boom and bust” cycle however, American businesses have not taken long to determine just how much meat they must cleave off of themselves in order to survive the expected conditions of the next quarter.\n\nThus, the process of mass layoffs has once again begun in earnest. Hundreds of thousands have been laid off without notice, left to fend for themselves in an increasingly hostile economy. A wave of strikes in response to imminent layoffs has done little to stop the bleeding, though it has further pushed radicalised unemployed workers towards the SPA and CIO. Left to rely on charity or mutual aid, instances of vengeful workers killing their former employers have become common news items, a dire sign of the times."
 united_states_leadup_events.80.a: "I can't blame them for holding a grudge..."

 united_states_leadup_events.81.t: "Businesses Collapse"
 united_states_leadup_events.81.d: "When people do not have jobs, they do not have money. When they do not have money, they do not spend it. Such is the vicious cycle of recession and depression. With the spending power of consumers plummeting, businesses become less and less able to turn a profit. A weak decade during the depression means that few smaller businesses have the reserves to maintain operations while in the red, and banks are understandably reluctant to loan money while massive lines of people wait outside their doors to withdraw their savings.\n\nBusiness failure has been an endemic part of the depression. Black Monday has once again brought it about in full force. Small businesses are the worst hit, with many closing their doors or even going bankrupt. In turn, their employees have been returned to the great and growing mass of the unemployed, further fueling the vicious cycle of today's economy.\n\nAs unemployment shockingly begins to return to the nadir of 1929, the depression has further fuelled political radicalisation. Unemployed workers flock to the SPA, as well as the unemployed unions of the IWW. Small business owners seeking lower labour costs to stay afloat have militarised into far-right paramilitaries, openly battling strikers in the streets. Farmers riot and smash up banks, who, desperate to keep their finances in order, have foreclosed on widows' farmsteads for a quick buck."
 united_states_leadup_events.81.a: "It's all spiralling down."

 united_states_leadup_events.82.t: "Bottoming Out"
 united_states_leadup_events.82.d: "Under Al Smith, the American economy has had its ups and downs. The narrow avoidance of a total collapse of the U.S. banking sector in 1929 facilitated a few years of modest recovery, before the Creditanstalt collapse of 1931 sent the country back into recession. As Smith won re-election, a slow and arduous climb back to relative normality followed in his second term. For a moment, it appeared as if something resembling recovery might be at hand.\n\nThe American people knew better than to believe.\n\nThe dark days of 1929 have returned. Unemployment, inching towards a low of 13 percent at the beginning of the year, has surged back to 20 percent, and is now rising at a faster rate than at any previous point in the depression. Bankruptcies and business failures have skyrocketed, foreign trade has collapsed (again), and the progress of the Smith years has turned to dust in his last days in office.\n\nIn these days, hope has become the rarest commodity of all. Anger, however, is ubiquitous. Over a decade of failure has crushed confidence in America's political establishment: right and left, radical political forces have transformed politics from an elite and gentlemanly affair into the domain of the mob and mass movements. Paramilitaries roam the streets of major American cities, clashing over partisan allegiances. Decency dies an anonymous death.\n\nGeneral MacArthur has assured the president that the army is well equipped to handle any paramilitary insurrection. Let us hope that this less than reassuring affirmation does not come to pass."
 united_states_leadup_events.82.a: "How much farther can we fall?"

 united_states_leadup_events.90.t: "The Lame Duck Period"
 united_states_leadup_events.90.d.intro: "For most of American history, the gap between the election of the president and his inauguration has been roughly five months. In the age of the wagon, the space between November and March was necessary for the old administration to get its affairs in order, and for the new to prepare for office.\n\nIn the age of the Great Depression, such a gap was an anachronism. In the five months between President Lowden's defeat and President Smith's inauguration, Lowden was forced to act without any popular mandate. His trouble doing so almost led to a complete collapse in the U.S. banking system, narrowly averted by Smith in his first days.\n\nIn 1933 therefore, the 20th Amendment was adopted, shortening the period between election and inauguration to 2 and a half months. The contingent election of that year was viewed as an aberration, and a shortened “lame duck” period had long been viewed as a necessity."
 united_states_leadup_events.90.d.republican: "$united_states_leadup_events.90.d.intro$\n\nToday however, that shortened period has come back to bite us. With the contingent election taking place on January 6th, the new president has had only two weeks to properly prepare for office. Federal bureaucrats scramble to prepare for the new policy agenda, as newcomers to Washington hunt tirelessly for apartments. Both incoming and outgoing administrations have cooperated, though cross partisan mistrust has complicated relations. Nevertheless, it is our duty to prepare the incoming Republican administration for the storm they face.\n\nAs a show of good faith, the incoming president has fulfilled his pledge to nominate several Democrats to the cabinet. Most prominently, a Democrat will continue to be the nation's top diplomat as Secretary of State. With conventional politics at risk of being overrun by radical newcomers, the emergence of a coalition of the rational centre can only be a good sign."
 united_states_leadup_events.90.d.olson: "$united_states_leadup_events.90.d.intro$\n\nToday however, that shortened period has come back to bite us. With the contingent election taking place on January 6th, the new president has had only two weeks to properly prepare for office. Federal bureaucrats scramble to prepare for the new policy agenda, as newcomers to Washington hunt tirelessly for apartments. Both incoming and outgoing administrations have cooperated, though there has been great reticence among the federal government about the entry of allies of the SPA into President-Elect Olson's administration. Nevertheless, it is our duty to prepare the incoming administration for the storm they face.\n\nAs a show of good faith, the incoming president has fulfilled his pledge to nominate several Democrats to the cabinet. Most prominent is the appointment of a progressive Democratic Secretary of War, intended to relieve fears of a Socialist takeover of the War Department. Nevertheless, some appointments, such as Norman Thomas to the State Department, are less likely to pass the Senate. With a mix such as this, we will have to wait to see what Olson's term will really look like."
 united_states_leadup_events.90.d.long: "$united_states_leadup_events.90.d.intro$\n\nToday however, that shortened period has come back to bite us. With the contingent election taking place on January 6th, the new president has had only two weeks to properly prepare for office. Federal bureaucrats scramble to prepare for the new policy agenda, as newcomers to Washington hunt tirelessly for apartments. As usual, President-Elect Long has blamed us, tacitly accusing us of sabotaging his arrival, perhaps to temper the expectations of his supporters. Nevertheless, it is our duty to prepare the incoming administration for the storm they face.\n\nLong's choices for cabinet have divided critics. The choice of Republican William Borah as Secretary of State has won praise. Eugene Talmadge's selection as Secretary of Agriculture has received more scorn from mainstream political figures. Overall, the cabinet is dominated by former and current Democrats, a mixture which perhaps indicates a willingness to return to the Democratic fold by Long."
 united_states_leadup_events.90.a: "The clock approaches midnight."

 united_states_leadup_events.91.t: "Goodbye To You All"
 united_states_leadup_events.91.d.intro: "In spite of the shortened lame duck period, the inauguration of the next president should go ahead without much visible incident. With staff preparing to leave and their replacements ready to take the reins of government, a sombre mood has descended over the White House. A quiet, relatively modest function has been hosted by the President and First Lady for their staff, many of whom have already begun to seek new employment. One change from the Smith years is immediately visible: champagne is served to the guests without fuss. Smith, if nothing else, got his “wet dream”.\n\nThe host himself however is not yet among them. President Smith sits in the Oval Office, completing the last work of his administration. He leaves to his successor a nation embroiled in crisis. Strikes rage across the 48 states, growing more militant and violent by the day. The recent launch of a coal strike by the IWW has threatened to leave Americans freezing in the winter (except those living in states controlled by the SPA, of course), as federal reserves run dry. Political and paramilitary violence is on the rise, and whispers of plots in the capital abound."
 united_states_leadup_events.91.d.republican: "$united_states_leadup_events.91.d.intro$\n\nIn his successor, Smith finds a man who openly repudiates his presidency. The calamitous performance of the Democrats was a blow to Smith, only softened by the defeat of the upstart troublemaker Long. Smith wishes his successor well, even if Irish Catholics like him have never had much time for the Republican Party. In any case, he expects it will be good to finally have some rest after eight years of wrangling with political and economic forces outside of his control.\n\n$united_states_leadup_events.91.d.outro$"
 united_states_leadup_events.91.d.olson: "$united_states_leadup_events.91.d.intro$\n\nIn his successor, Smith finds a man who openly repudiates his presidency. The calamitous performance of the Democrats was a blow to Smith, and Long's defeat did little to assuage the blow of the destruction of the two-party monopoly on the presidency. Smith had always felt a softer touch was needed when dealing with political radicals. Now he only hopes that they in turn have softened under Olson's leadership. Hope these days, of course, is a dangerous thing.\n\n$united_states_leadup_events.91.d.outro$"
 united_states_leadup_events.91.d.long: "$united_states_leadup_events.91.d.intro$\n\nIn his successor, Smith finds a man who openly repudiates his presidency. Worse still is the victory of Long, a man who made it his mission to make Smith's life hell for the past 6 years. Smith had steadfastly opposed Garner's deal with Long, his decision to install him over the Republicans. He expects that it won't take long for Garner to see that he was right. Whatever the case, he won't be there to say “I told you so”. A retirement in New York City, a world away from Washington, calls to him.\n\n$united_states_leadup_events.91.d.outro$"
 united_states_leadup_events.91.d.outro: "Smith's secretary enters the Oval Office. The First Lady would like him to make a speech. Deciding that he's done enough work for a lifetime, the president puts on a brave smile, and goes out to speak to his staff. To those who have been through eight years with him, to those who came in just last year, and to those who had been loyal to Smith from the beginning of his career."
 united_states_leadup_events.91.a: "\"Gentlemen, it's been an honour\"."

####Harlan County War
 united_states_leadup_events.101.t: "Violence in Harlan County"
 united_states_leadup_events.101.d: "Since 1931, Harlan County, Kentucky, has been embroiled in a protracted period of labour unrest. In response to sharp wage cuts, the United Mine Workers attempted to organise the mineworkers of Harlan. As was typical for the declining UMW, they failed, under pressure from both county authorities and company goons. Their failure pushed the workers into the arms of the IWW, quickly expanding from its new strongholds in West Virginia and Colorado, which began to set up soup kitchens and other aid organisations to support striking miners. This too however failed, as the National Labor Relations Act had few enforcement mechanisms to protect the miners, leaving them defenceless against the \"gun thugs\" of Harlan Sheriff J.H. Blair.\n\nWith the passage of the National Labor Arbitration and Enforcement Act, hopes for a renewed organising effort in Harlan rose. In December, the IWW sent a letter to Sheriff Theodore R. Middleton, informing him of the union's intention to organise the miners of Harlan. Though the letter was returned unsent, a veritable army of IWW organisers has descended into Kentucky from West Virginia, and violence has once again flared in Harlan. Governor Chandler has dismissed the charges laid against Sheriff Middleton last year, empowering him to recruit a new slate of anti-union deputies. Already, an attempt by the unionists to organise in the New Harlan Hotel has ended in a siege of the building by men linked to Middleton, with several dead as a result.\n\nFew doubt that the violence in Harlan will continue if left unchecked, as several retaliation killings have already taken place."
 united_states_leadup_events.101.a: "Alarming."

 united_states_leadup_events.102.t: "Escalation of Violence in Harlan"
 united_states_leadup_events.102.d: "The deterioration of economic conditions nationwide in the aftermath of Black Monday has further intensified the IWW's recent unionisation drive in Harlan County. The result has been a further escalation of violence; murders and retaliatory killings are commonplace, and armed assaults on union meetings are increasingly being met with proportionate gunfire. With Harlan being in the state it is, demands for an intervention of some sort to prevent the county from turning into a total warzone have grown louder in Washington.\n\nOn the one hand, many blame Middleton's actions and the local authorities' hardline anti-union stance for the escalation of violence, and suggest a congressional committee look into matters in Harlan. On the other, anti-socialists have pointed the finger at the IWW, which has always been a militant and radical organisation, blaming them for the escalation into two-sided shooting. Ultimately, some sort of statement about the situation in Harlan must be made."
 united_states_leadup_events.102.a: "Middleton is to blame: investigate Harlan!"
 united_states_leadup_events.102.b: "The radicals are to blame: crack down before this spreads!"

 united_states_leadup_events.103.t: "The La Follette Committee"
 united_states_leadup_events.103.d: "The Committee on Education and Labor, Subcommittee Investigating Violations of Free Speech and the Rights of Labor, better known as the La Follette Committee, was formed with the passage of the National Labor Arbitration and Enforcement Act to investigate methods utilised by employers to avoid collective bargaining with unions. Specifically targeting the use of industrial espionage, private police, strikebreaking services, and other tactics in industrial warfare, the committee has now turned its eyes towards the upsurge of violence in Harlan County, where many common anti-union practices take place.\n\nWith the support of the administration, an investigation into the conditions in Harlan has begun to take shape. Already the evidence is damning: union members have testified regarding violence against themselves and their families, and the escalating use of force coming from the strikebreakers. Progressives hope that the committee's findings will galvanise the push for change, and facilitate an end to the violence in Harlan, which claimed four lives this week."
 united_states_leadup_events.103.a: "Let's hope it helps."

 united_states_leadup_events.104.t: "Martial Law Declared in Harlan"
 united_states_leadup_events.104.d: "With violence in Harlan County reaching new heights, calls for intervention have reached a fever pitch. Continued killings and acts of violence on both sides have necessitated a declaration of martial law by the state government, spurred on by the administration's statement on the Harlan issue. The IWW has already vigorously attacked the declaration, denouncing Governor Chandler as a puppet of big business and a tyrant-enforcer of the bosses' law. Though we hope Governor Chandler will be even-handed with his enforcement of the law in Harlan, there already reports of asymmetric warfare between state forces and organised unionist militias. Nevertheless, our first priority is now to maintain order in Harlan, a goal which should be made much easier with the state's declaration.\n\nIn the meantime, violence in Harlan has claimed four lives this week."
 united_states_leadup_events.104.a: "Let's hope this keeps them in line."

 united_states_leadup_events.105.t: "Rumours of Weapons Smuggling in Harlan"
 united_states_leadup_events.105.d.regular: "Concerning reports are coming in from the counties surrounding Harlan. State troopers encountered several armed bands carrying assorted shipments through the Cumberland River Valley. When ordered to halt for questioning, firefights have broken out, in some instances forcing the state troopers to retreat. When the bands have been forced to retreat, the state troopers have found crates of rifles, explosives, and other weapons in their abandoned cargo. The primary suspicion of both state, local, and federal forces has been that these are shipments intended for the IWW's organisers, a theory seemingly confirmed by the testimony of the few prisoners captured after these shootouts.\n\nThe arming of IWW organisers has raised the spectre of the Mingo County War of 1923, when an army of 10,000 miners rose up in southern West Virginia and rooted itself in Mingo and Longan counties. The aftermath of that conflict turned West Virginia into a socialist stronghold, so there is great fear in Kentucky surrounding the possibility of a similar uprising. Thus, a response has been demanded of either state or local forces. The local militias have demanded we deputise them in their fight against the IWW. Though they are strongly against the IWW, they are poorly disciplined, and are closer to the company than they are to the government. Alternatively, we could reinforce the area with more state troopers, including potential National Guard volunteers from Virginia. Both of these options would however escalate the situation. Our final course of action would be to simply reinforce the road patrols. This would do little to inflame things, however there are rumours that the IWW is also running weapons through the mountains, meaning such an action could have limited effectiveness."
 united_states_leadup_events.105.d.peaceful: "Concerning reports are coming in from the counties surrounding Harlan. State troopers encountered several armed bands carrying assorted shipments through the Cumberland River Valley. When ordered to halt for questioning, firefights have broken out, in some instances forcing the state troopers to retreat. When the bands have been forced to retreat, the state troopers have found crates of rifles, explosives, and other weapons in their abandoned cargo. The primary suspicion of both state, local, and federal forces has been that these are shipments intended for the IWW's organisers, a theory seemingly confirmed by the testimony of the few prisoners captured after these shootouts.\n\nThe arming of IWW organisers has raised the spectre of the Mingo County War of 1923, when an army of 10,000 miners rose up in southern West Virginia and rooted itself in Mingo and Longan counties. The aftermath of that conflict turned West Virginia into a socialist stronghold, so there is great fear in Kentucky surrounding the possibility of a similar uprising. Thus, a response has been demanded of either state or local forces. The local militias have demanded we deputise them in their fight against the IWW. Though they are strongly against the IWW, they are poorly disciplined, and are closer to the company than they are to the government. With our attempts to reform our approach to labour conflicts such as these, we have already ruled out this option. Instead, we could reinforce the area with more state troopers, including potential National Guard volunteers from Virginia. Alternatively, our final course of action would be to simply reinforce the road patrols. This would do little to inflame things, however there are rumours that the IWW is also running weapons through the mountains, meaning such an action could have limited effectiveness."
 united_states_leadup_events.105.a: "A strong response is needed. Deputize the anti-IWW militias."
 united_states_leadup_events.105.b: "The state troopers are insufficiently resourced. Reinforce them."
 united_states_leadup_events.105.c: "We must not be too drastic. Patrol the roads, that should stop the guns coming in."

 united_states_leadup_events.106.t: "La Follette Committee Hears Reports of Abuses in Harlan"
 united_states_leadup_events.106.d: "Since the La Follette Committee began investigating the ongoing practices of employers and police in Harlan County, numerous cases of abuse and lawbreaking have been uncovered. Extrajudical killings, flagrant denial of the right to assemble, and the recruitment of illegal police and paramilitary forces on the behalf of the mine operators are only some of the abuses discovered by the committee.\n\nThough the committee's report is far from complete, as currently it stands to pin much of the blame for the situation in Harlan squarely on Sheriff Middleton, who has been found as flagrantly violating the law by recruiting disreputable anti-union elements to help suppress union organisers. This finding, and its scapegoating of Middleton, is admittedly politically convenient for us, as calling for his removal is an actionable recommendation that does not require systemic reform. Alternatively however, we could direct the committee to take a more borad approach, looking at the systemic problems in Harlan to reconstruct labour arbitration policy more broadly."
 united_states_leadup_events.106.a: "Middleton is ultimately responsible, make him a scapegoat."
 united_states_leadup_events.106.b: "This is a systemic issue. We must change our approach to labour conflicts."

 united_states_leadup_events.107.t: "Federal Forces in Harlan?"
 united_states_leadup_events.107.d: "Since the declaration of Martial Law in Harlan County, violence between unionists and their opponents has not subsided. Though open violence in the town of Harlan itself has been suppressed, incidents elsewhere in the Cumberland valley have continued, as have disapearances across the county. Unionists in particular have taken to effective banditry against the mine operators and their \"scabs\", striking from several hideouts in the hills and mountains.\n\nWith concerns that the violence could soon escalate even further, some figures in the Kentucky state government have suggested the federal government deploy soldiers to the area in order to maintain control. This is opposed by Governor Chandler, who insists the situation is under control, and will not spread beyond Harlan. However, some within the administration have suggested that the situation is more volatile that Chandler has indicated, and that the deployment of federal forces is the only way to guarantee order and enforce the Governor's declaration."
 united_states_leadup_events.107.a: "Governor Chandler can handle the situation."
 united_states_leadup_events.107.b: "A Federal intervention is needed."

 united_states_leadup_events.harlanintro.d: "For years, a low-intensity war has simmered in Harlan County. Fighting between IWW unionists and company and police forces took many lives before 1936, as the IWW tried and failed to maintain a union foothold in the county. This year however has seen the violence escalate dramatically, with over a hundred dead or missing in the first months of the year.\n\nThe intensified period of conflict has now come to a head. Having prepared for a final confrontation in Harlan over the past few months, the IWW assembled an army of over 12,000 men, larger than the force that marched on Blair Mountain in 1923. The army was divided between two groups: a larger force that was to march from West Virginia through the Cumberland valley, capturing settlements until it reached the town of Harlan itself, and a smaller force deeper in the county that would dislodge the Sheriff's forces from the southern half of Harlan town."

 united_states_leadup_events.108.t: "Massacre in Harlan County"
 united_states_leadup_events.108.d: "$united_states_leadup_events.harlanintro.d$\n\nThough things initially seemed to go to plan, a well prepared defence in the valley halfway to Harlan itself stopped the first \"Red\" force in its tracks. As an inexperienced militia, they were routed after taking significant casualties by the more professional anti-union militia, armed with machine guns and, concerningly, dubiously procured artillery pieces. After a brief pursuit where the militia dispersed the Reds with heavy fire, the Red formation crumbled, with many being captured and others being forced into the hills and mountains.\n\nThe northern advance having failed, the southern attack was doomed from the beginning. Though they managed to capture the union stronghold of the New Harlan Hotel, they were unable to reach the courthouse, let alone the National Guard Depot where they were meant to meet up with the northern force. Having boxed in the local force, the anti-union militia squeezed ever harder on the boxed in Reds before forcing them to surrender.\n\nIn the aftermath, a state of white terror has emerged in Harlan. Retreated Reds found in the hills have been hunted and killed by the militia, and known union sympathisers have been murdered in their homes. Extrajudicial anti-union violence now reigns in Harlan."
 united_states_leadup_events.108.a: "My god..."

 united_states_leadup_events.109.t: "Riots in Northern Cities"
 united_states_leadup_events.109.d: "The suppression of the Red uprising in Harlan has quickly drawn a strong reaction from the northern public. After the defeat of the Reds, and subsequent extrajudicial violence against them and their associates in Harlan, numerous protests have broken out in large northern cities, such as New York, Chicago, and others. Supported by both the SPA and IWW, they have extolled the heroism and virtue of the \"Harlan Martyrs\", denounced the government's supposed complicity in the death of unionists, and called for the release of any Red militiamen taken prisoner in Harlan.\n\nIt did not take long for these protests to descend into rioting. One by one, northern cities have been captured by incidents of violence and looting. In response, we have put out a statement calling for calm, but this has had little effectiveness. Paramilitaries of all stripes, both left and right, have used the opportunity to expand their recruitment and influence, as nearly two dozen lie dead across the nation."
 united_states_leadup_events.109.a: "Very concerning."

 united_states_leadup_events.110.t: "Arrests Made in Harlan County"
 united_states_leadup_events.110.d: "The recent white terror in Harlan County has brought about a swift response from the federal government. Soon after the defeat of the Red militia, martial law was declared in Harlan, and federal forces moved in to restore order. Large and oftentimes violent protests in northern cities, as well as previous commitments before the La Follette Committee forced the administration to take actions against the perpetrators of the \"Harlan Massacre\".\n\nSheriff Middleton, already under scrutiny by the La Follette Committee and the state government, along with several accomplices. Others in his ragtag anti-union militia have fled, avoiding capture and arrest. Though the Socialist Party still denounces the government as partially responsible for the incidents in Harlan, our actions have calmed the national mood somewhat: after several days, and numerous instances of rioting, protests surrounding the \"Harlan Martyrs\" have died down. Meanwhile, federal forces will remain in Harlan until order is fully restored, something that could take a very long time..."
 united_states_leadup_events.110.a: "Hopefully that calms things down."

 united_states_leadup_events.111.t: "Riots Engulf the North"
 united_states_leadup_events.111.d: "The suppression of the Red uprising in Harlan has quickly drawn a strong reaction from the northern public. After the defeat of the Reds, and subsequent extrajudicial violence against them and their associates in Harlan, rioting has broken out in northern cities. What were initially intended as demonstrations of solidarity with the \"Harlan Martyrs\" quickly descended into pitched street battles and looting.\n\nThough we have put out a statement condemning all forms of political violence, this has had little effect. Instead, the presence of paramilitaries, both left and right, has become the norm in many areas. The SPA and IWW meanwhile have ignored the violence of their own supporters to denounce government suppression, both of the rioters and the Red militia in Harlan (ignoring the fact that we were not the ones to suppress the militia)."
 united_states_leadup_events.111.a: "They keep lighting fires and asking us to put them out."

 united_states_leadup_events.112.t: "Far-Right Militias Mobilise"
 united_states_leadup_events.112.d: "The impact of the recent events in Harlan have reverberated across the nation in many ways. Though the left has been angered into violence by the suppression of the Harlan Reds, the right has seen Harlan as a vindication of both their fears and preferred responses towards socialism. Already, the anti-union militias which took part in the fighting in Harlan County have been lionised and held up as heroes, and violence against unions across the nation has seen a measurable spike.\n\nThe activities of growing far-right and anti-union militias have long caught the eye of the state, but their growth this year has been extremely concerning. Many take the view that the federal government has already been captured by socialists, so even in instances of Red uprising such as Harlan, they cannot be reliable allies of the government."
 united_states_leadup_events.112.a: "As if the Reds weren't enough."

 united_states_leadup_events.113.t: "The Siege of Harlan"
 united_states_leadup_events.113.d: "$united_states_leadup_events.harlanintro.d$\n\nInitially, the \"Red\" force achieved many key objectives, successfully capturing much of the Cumberland valley. Though the anti-union militia was more professional and relatively well armed, with machine guns and, concerningly, dubiously procured artillery pieces, it was forced to retreat due to the numerical advantage of the Reds, who advanced through the valley, capturing it to both sides of the entrance to Martin's fork, which leads to the town of Harlan itself. It was on the fork however that the first Red force was halted, due both to it having split in two in order to capture the western section of the valley, as well as due to the reinforcement of the anti-union militia.\n\nThat reinforcement however came at the expense of the anti-unionists in Harlan itself. Sheriff Middleton's men were pushed north of clover fork, with the southern Reds capturing both the courthouse and the hospital. In western Harlan, the anti-unionists formed a redoubt surrounding the National Guard Depot, locked in a stalemate with a larger but less well-armed Red force.\n\nHarlan county, now in a state of outright war, is locked in a stalemate. The Reds in the city cannot move north to reinforce their comrades, lest they lose the town itself. Similarly, Middleton's contingent cannot move north, lest the depot and its small arsenal fall into the hands of the Reds."
 united_states_leadup_events.113.a: "Put down this revolt with Federal forces."
 united_states_leadup_events.113.b: "Negotiation is needed."

 united_states_leadup_events.114.t: "Harlan Rebellion Quelled"
 united_states_leadup_events.114.d: "Once it was decided that federal intervention was needed in Harlan, the days of the Red militia were numbered. Federal forces entered the county much as the Reds had, through the Cumberland valley, this time both from the west and the east (much to the protestations of the West Virginia state government). No doubt West Virginia's warnings to the Reds aside, they were no match for an actual army. The remaining Reds in the valley itself were quickly dispatched, and when federal forces attacked the northern Red militia from behind, the stalemate in Harlan collapsed.\n\nThe Reds in Harlan town soon realised what was imminent, and retreated south of Clover fork to make their stand. The courthouse and hospital were reoccupied by Middleton's enthusiastic militia, which, eager for victory, crossed Clover fork, upon which they engaged in brutal and desperate fighting with the Reds. Upon the arrival of federal forces, many of the Reds attempted to surrender, but were ignored by Middleton's militia, until the army restored order and ended the fighting. Others retreated up into the hills, where they have subsequently been hunted, and in many instances killed, by Middleton's men.\n\nThe events in Harlan have overall been highly reminiscent of the Mingo County War of 1923. That conflict turned West Virginia into a stronghold of socialism. The outcome of Harlan remains to be seen."
 united_states_leadup_events.114.a: "What a mess."

 united_states_leadup_events.115.t: "Miners Flee to West Virginia"
 united_states_leadup_events.115.d: "With the failure of the Reds in Harlan County, the remnants of the Red militia which attempted to seize the county for the IWW fled into the hills and mountains, spreading throughout Harlan and its surrounding counties. Though many were captured (and in many instances murdered) after order was restored in Harlan, some have slipped through the grasp of the authorities, and escaped.\n\nThe primary refuge of these fugitives is of course the state of West Virginia. The red bastion has a long history with labour conflicts such as the one recently fought in Harlan, including most prominently the similar Mingo County War of 1923. With many government officials in the state being \"veterans\" of such conflicts, attempts by both Kentucky and the federal government to push for extradition of the escaped militiamen have been bluntly rebuffed. Concerningly, many have reportedly stockpiled their weapons in caches in the Appalachians, ready to return to them to arm themselves should the time to rise come yet again."
 united_states_leadup_events.115.a: "Don't we have laws for this sort of thing?"

 united_states_leadup_events.116.t: "The Miners' Position"
 united_states_leadup_events.116.d: "The stalemate in Harlan County has, miraculously, opened a window to resolve the disputes in the county without resorting to full-on bloodshed. Though this window is brief, we have been able to send feelers to the rebel militia, which has obtained their non-negotiable demands in exchange for laying down their arms. They include the following:\n - Federal protection of their right to organise\n - Company recognition of the IWW as their union\n - The arrest of Sheriff Middleton and other members of the anti-union militia\n - The disarming and disbanding of said militia and its component private forces\n\nThough these demands are generally regarded as reasonable, they would represent a concession to a violent insurgency. Many in the administration would therefore prefer for the military to immediately restore order in Harlan, and to suppress the Reds without negotiating."
 united_states_leadup_events.116.a: "We can't negotiate with these terms."
 united_states_leadup_events.116.b: "We accept their conditions."

 united_states_leadup_events.117.t: "Harlan Miners Stand Down"
 united_states_leadup_events.117.d: "The successful negotiation of a deal between the federal government and the Harlan unionists came as a shock to many of the factions involved in the conflict. The anti-union militia, for instance, was highly dismayed at the \"betrayal\" of the federal government, and initially refused to lay down arms. As such, direct federal intervention became necessary: the tone of the anti-unionists changed dramatically when faced with the incursion of the US Army into Harlan County, and soon they lay down their arms, just as the unionists did.\n\nIn the aftermath of the de facto occupation of Harlan County, most of the unionists' demands were fulfilled: both sides were disarmed, the right of the IWW to organise the county was reluctantly enforced at bayonet point, and Sheriff Middleton and his accomplices were arrested. Still, not all is good in Harlan however: small acts of terrorism and violence, such as tit-for-tat killing, remain commonplace, and rumours abound that both sides have merely hidden their weapons away in caches in the hills and mountains, rather than properly disarming."
 united_states_leadup_events.117.a: "Peace at last, I suppose."

 united_states_leadup_events.118.t: "The Boiling Pot"
 united_states_leadup_events.118.d: "The aftermath of the conflict in Harlan County has been calmer than was perhaps anticipated. Assorted, aimless protests in Socialist-dominated cities were initially commonplace, but without a coherent grievance or set of demands they quickly fizzled out without incident. The right meanwhile has been largely demoralised by the government's forceful application of the unionists' demands: no large growth in right-wing militia activity has been noted, and labour conflicts elsewhere in the nation have been relatively quiet in the past few weeks.\n\nIn spite of this however, analysts have been careful about suggesting that Harlan has brought about anything more than a brief reprieve. Political and labour violence is still at the all-time high it has been at since Black Monday, and certainly does not seem to be falling. Meanwhile, in Harlan itself, several weapons caches have been discovered by federal forces, obviously created by the militias in case they ever needed to re-arm themselves.\n\nAs the old myth goes, if you try to boil a living frog, you cannot increase the temperature too rapidly, lest it jump out of the pot. Instead, you must slowly increase the temperature, and it will die without protest. Perhaps by slowing the boil of Harlan, we have made ourselves into frogs."
 united_states_leadup_events.118.a: "In other news, two more have died in a shooting in Harlan..."

 united_states_leadup_events.119.t: "Miners Seize Harlan County"
 united_states_leadup_events.119.d: "$united_states_leadup_events.harlanintro.d$\n\nFrom the beginning, the \"Reds\" caught the anti-union militia off guard, and they were unable to make an effective stand when the Reds entered the Cumberland valley. The further through the valley they pushed, the more the anti-union resistance crumbled, leaving behind their equipment as they retreated, including machine guns and dubiously procured artillery pieces. Even as the Reds split to capture both Martin's fork and the western Cumberland, they faced little resistance on either front, holding both sides of the valley in Harlan County.\n\nWith their northern flank having been compromised, the defence of the town of Harlan itself was a lost cause from the beginning. Though Sheriff Middleton's forces were able to create a perimeter surrounding the National Guard Depot, the Reds quickly captured the rest of the town, including both the courthouse and the hospital. Once the northern contingent met up with the Reds in the town itself, the anti-union militia's resistance became untenable. Surrounded and outgunned, they surrendered.\n\nNow, the entirety of Harlan County is under union rule. Unlike in the Mingo County War, the union's militia has not dispersed: instead, it has become the primary law enforcement body in the county, while guarding the entrances to the county with its newly acquired heavy weapons. What comes next is uncertain, but it is clear that this is the most significant insurrection in the United States since the Civil War."
 united_states_leadup_events.119.a: "What madness!"

 united_states_leadup_events.120.t: "Proclaimation of the Harlan Commune"
 united_states_leadup_events.120.d: "The triumphant capture of Harlan County by the Red militia assembled by the IWW and its allies has created a revolutionary atmosphere in Harlan. The anti-union militia of the now-former Sheriff Middleton has almost entirely dissolved, save for a few ragged elements in the hills and mountains surrounding the populated areas of the county. The IWW meanwhile has rapidly expanded among the county's miners, spreading its literature and propaganda freely for the first time.\n\nThe fate of the county government meanwhile was left ambiguous for a few days. The Reds ruled the county under de facto martial law, as most of the local government had either fled or been imprisoned on charges of collaboration with Middleton. This situation was finally resolved today with a proclamation by \"the Workers and Farmers of Harlan County\" of the \"Harlan Commune\", the new revolutionary government in Harlan.\n\nThe new revolutionary commune is largely a partnership between the IWW and the Socialist Party. Though he is not a local, the dual-carding organiser Harry Simms has become the most influential man in the new government, answering both to John Reed and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. Based on the model of the French communes, the commune in Harlan has dispensed with the separation of powers. Instead, it has granted itself control both over the local courts and the \"Communal\" Militia, and has begun trying local officials of the old government, including Middleton.\n\nNeedless to say, the proclamation of this \"commune\" represents a major crisis. It is the first rebel government established on American soil since the Civil War, and some whisper that it may be but the first stage of a nationwide revolution."
 united_states_leadup_events.120.a: "Is this our own 1925?"

 united_states_leadup_events.121.t: "Negotiating With the Commune"
 united_states_leadup_events.121.d: "The rapidly changing situation in Harlan County has now become the most urgent priority of the federal government. Harlan's total fall to the communal militia came as a shock to even the most pessimistic of our observers. The declaration of the Harlan Commune has resulted in cries of red revolution across the country, as the nation stands on edge awaiting the outcome of the present crisis.\n\nThe most obvious solution is to send the army into Harlan and wipe out this so-called commune for good. Such an operation is bound to succeed, due to the enormous disparity between our two forces. However, the potential casualty list of such an action is likely to be extreme: not only is the communal militia entrenched in the passages into the county, it is also armed with the captured heavy weaponry it obtained from the defeated anti-unionists. It has also been reinforced by out-of-county volunteers, eager to fight for the \"Harlan Revolution\", increasing the risk of outrage in other areas of the country.\n\nWith a mind to avoiding a repeat of the killings and violence that ended the Mingo County War in 1923, some in the administration have entertained the suggestion of negotiating with the commune, to try and resolve things without bloodshed. Though legitimising the commune as a negotiating partner is obviously extremely undesirable, it may be the only option if we seek a non-violent solution to the crisis."
 united_states_leadup_events.121.a: "Is this even a question? Send in the Army!"
 united_states_leadup_events.121.b: "We must resolve this by peaceful means."

 united_states_leadup_events.122.t: "Harlan Communards Crushed"
 united_states_leadup_events.122.d: "Though the communal militia put up a vaillant defence of Harlan, they were ultimately no match for the professional forces of the US Army. Marching into the county from both ends of the Cumberland valley, they were able to break through the militia's defences, albeit with more significant casualties than anticipated. After retreating up Martin's fork, the militia made its last stand in Harlan town itself. Ultimately, after a brief siege and heavy casualties, the militia was defeated, and Harlan placed under martial law.\n\nThe response from union-sympathising elements has been predictable: already protesters are gathering to denounce the \"massacre\" of the Harlan communards, and the civil situation is expected to deteriorate in the coming days. Perhaps the more unexpected and concerning response came from within the army itself. Reports of several army units mutinying and refusing to fight the communards, including officers having to be disciplined, have raised alarms both in the army and in the administration. Though we have been assured these are only a few isolated incidents, even the possibility of the far-left capturing the sympathies of parts of the army is a cause for great concern."
 united_states_leadup_events.122.a: "It is done."

 united_states_leadup_events.123.t: "Mass Riots Across the North"
 united_states_leadup_events.123.d: "The destruction of the Harlan Commune has brought up a groundswell of rage across the north. In every northern, Socialist-dominated city, massive demonstrations have turned to city-wide rioting in the wake of the commune's demise. Violence against police, local \"reactionary\" politicians, and known enemies of the IWW and Socialist Party has become commonplace, as, just weeks after the rioting surrounding May Day, \"Bloody Harlan\" has turned into Bloody America.\n\nThe Socialist Party has been quick to skewer the government for any actions it takes in quelling the violence. After extolling the \"Harlan Martyrs\" as heroes of the coming revolution, they denounce police intervention and call for the formation of communes throughout the United States. All told, the violence has left dozens dead, and millions of dollars in property damage for us to repair."
 united_states_leadup_events.123.a: "We're never going to have peace at this rate."

 united_states_leadup_events.124.t: "The Demands of the Commune"
 united_states_leadup_events.124.d: "The decision to negotiate with the Harlan Commune has not been an easy one. Should they fail, we open ourselves to accusations of having been too soft on the syndicalists. Should we succeed, that will apply even more so. Regardless, our envoy was received by the commune without incident, and has reported the situation on the ground, describing the townsfolk as generally enthusiastic about the project, while having reservations about many of the plans of the commune's leaders, as well as the immediate army threat bearing down on them all.\n\nIn any case, our envoy's talks with the leadership was productive, and he received a clear list of demands:\n - The abolition of the county government and its replacement with that of the commune\n - The dissolution of Harlan's police, as well as any associated private militias, and their replacement with the communal militia\n - The recognition of the commune's legal judgements, including the prosecutions of Sheriff Middleton and other local officials\n\nTo many, these demands are clear non-starters. The demand that the rebel militia take over as law enforcement is unpalatable to the extreme to many administration officials. As such, there are demands that we simply tell the commune to go back to the drawing board and put forward more reasonable demands.\n\nAlternatively, some have suggested revising the conditions ourselves, and trying to accomplish as many as reasonably possible. The militia demand, for instance, could perhaps be accommodated if it were to be substantially downsized, stripped of its heavy weapons, and limited only to local volunteers. Additionally, though we cannot undermine the rule of law by granting it solely to the commune, we can promise to prosecute Middleton and others in federal court, so they will not escape justice.\n\nUltimately, we have been given the initiative in negotiations, and have the responsibility to reply to their demands."
 united_states_leadup_events.124.a: "They have to be more reasonable."
 united_states_leadup_events.124.b: "Put forward our revised list of concessions."

 united_states_leadup_events.125.t: "Negotiations Break Down"
 united_states_leadup_events.125.d: "Perhaps inevitably, the gap between the positions of the Harlan Commune and the federal government has proven too far to bridge. The commune made clear that its demands were final, and that it would not accept a deal where it was forced to cede power back to the county government. With negotiations at an impasse, the window for a peaceful settlement to the Harlan crisis closed.\n\nNow, both sides mobilise for a final armed confrontation. Makeshift defences now line parts of the county, as the communal militia digs in to try and hold off the army for as long as possible. The army meanwhile moves into position on both the east and west ends of Harlan County, preparing to march in and end the ill-begotten experiment in communal government that Harlan has become."
 united_states_leadup_events.125.a: "It was inevitable."

 united_states_leadup_events.126.t: "The Commune Comes to an Agreement"
 united_states_leadup_events.126.d: "In a shocking turn of events, the Harlan Commune has agreed to our revision of their initial list of demands. Though many within the administration viewed a deal as an impossibility, the communal government has proven less intransigent than initially expected. As part of the arrangement, certain figures in Harlan's pre-communal government have been handed over to federal authorities, and the Harlan communal militia has handed over all of its artillery and all but two of its machine guns, as well as expelling all of its members from outside of Harlan County.\n\nThough these concessions both leave a local independent judiciary and leave the communal militia as a force no more powerful than most local police forces, it still means that the commune has now successfully overthrown the legitimate government of an American municipality. Already, polarised reactions from both the left and the right have emerged, as the Socialists and IWW celebrate the commune's \"heroic triumph\" while the right denounces a \"red takeover\" of Harlan."
 united_states_leadup_events.126.a: "Was it worth it?"

 united_states_leadup_events.127.t: "Socialists Celebrate \"Harlan Revolution\""
 united_states_leadup_events.127.d: "The Socialist reaction to the agreement with the Harlan Commune was swift and dramatic. Spontaneous celebrations of the commune's survival and \"heroic victory\" broke out in most large northern cities soon after the agreement was announced. John Reed spoke to a crowd of a hundred thousand in Chicago, announcing that Harlan had \"led the way for all American workers\" towards a workers' government. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was similarly enthusiastic, announcing that the IWW would, on a case-by-case basis, form alliances with the SPA in any future communal governments.\n\nSuch opportunities may be coming sooner than anticipated. In West Virginia, a bill recommending and enabling the replacement of county governments with communal ones has already passed the lower house, supported by Governor Stone. In Michigan meanwhile, Governor Al Renner, associated with the most radical elements of the Socialist Party, has similarly called for the formation of a commune in Detroit, where his party is now the dominant political force.\n\nThis so-called \"commune movement\" has spread like wildfire in the aftermath of the end of the Harlan crisis. With its outrageous demands for class government, it appears the resolution of the Harlan issue has done little to alleviate tensions across the country."
 united_states_leadup_events.127.a: "Give an inch, they'll take a mile..."

 united_states_leadup_events.128.t: "Unions Stockpile Weapons"
 united_states_leadup_events.128.d: "The effective victory of the Harlan communal militia has had yet more knock-on effects. Since the end of the Harlan crisis, reports of unions collecting and stockpiling increasingly heavy armaments have reached the administration. With Harlan's vindication of the power of physical force, and its apparent demonstration that there is an actual path to victory for armed organised labour and physical force unionism, many other unions, including those belonging to the CIO rather than the IWW, have begun to stockpile weapons.\n\nWhile this is obviously not a new phenomenon, the scale and severity of it is. Not only has it increased fears of a general labour uprising, it has also resulted in more immediate violence, as incidents by armed unionists against union enemies have increased dramatically over the past few weeks. With several dead, Harlan seems more and more to be only the beginning of our trouble with labour armies."
 united_states_leadup_events.128.a: "What is happening to our country..."

 united_states_leadup_events.129.t: "Anti-Union Paramilitaries Mobilise"
 united_states_leadup_events.129.d: "The increasing militarisation of unions has inevitably brought about a harsh response from those opposed to organised labour. Anti-union businessmen and employers, as well as other right-wing elements, have lost faith in the government's ability and willingness to protect them and their property from revolutionary militias. The agreement with the Harlan Commune has revealed to them that the administration is either unable or unwilling to stand with them against union radicals.\n\nAs such, they have taken matters into their own hands. Already, employers' militias have taken to the streets to contest the dominance of the Red Guards, the Socialist Vanguard, and the IWW's assorted paramilitary squads. Now however recruitment and expansion for these groups has exploded, with many employers viewing them, even with their often undisciplined and violent tactics, as the only groups capable of protecting their property.\n\nOne supporter of these groups has emerged in the Senate: never one to miss a chance to skewer President Smith, Huey Long has voiced support for these paramilitaries' efforts to protect private property against socialists and radicals."
 united_states_leadup_events.129.a: "Violence begets violence."
#### Crisis
#Olson
 united_states_crisis_events.2.t: "Executive Order 7029"
 united_states_crisis_events.2.d: "The first priority of the new administration is to alleviate the state of chronic unemployment in the United States. Exasperated by Black Monday, unemployment has continually risen for the past year, up from Smith's low of 15% now to nearly 25%, approaching the dark nadir of the later Lowden years.\n\nTo this effect, President Olson has promulgated Executive Order 7029. The order provides for the emergency reappropriation of funds from certain federal departments, particularly the military, towards public works and employment programs. Though this unilateral exercise of executive power is controversial, it is hoped that quick relief will help stop the economic bleeding of the past year."
 united_states_crisis_events.2.a: "Let's hope it's enough."

 united_states_crisis_events.3.t: "Military Grumbles Over Reappropriations"
 united_states_crisis_events.3.d: "The President's unilateral reappropriation of federal funds away from the military has been controversial in many circles. Though the outcry from conservatives has been the most prominent, also notable has been the response of the military itself, which has, privately but strenuously, protested the reallocation of its funds towards other projects.\n\nChief of Staff Douglas MacArthur in particular has been vocal to administration officials about his disapproval of the President's scheme. In a strongly worded letter to President Olson, he outlined both the constitutional dubiousness of the measure, as well as the need to maintain the separation between military and civilian affairs. Though MacArthur has little recourse but to comply with our orders, it is perhaps an inauspicious beginning for the administration's relationship with the armed forces."
 united_states_crisis_events.3.a: "We should keep an eye on him."

 united_states_crisis_events.4.t: "Congress Protests Executive Fiat"
 united_states_crisis_events.4.d: "Our recent executive order to reappropriate federal funds towards public works projects has found itself in hot water in Congress. The conservative bloc is in an uproar about the president's \"unconstitutional\" use of executive authority, arguing that the President has no right to appropriate funds in such a matter without the consent of Congress\n\nThough the conservatives do not command a majority in Congress, they are not the only ones with apprehensions regarding EO 7029. Numerous progressives and liberals have also criticised the administration, either in private or in public, for bypassing Congress to push public works forward.\n\nThough we are obviously committed to the program, Farmer-Labor is not even close to a majority in Congress, and when taking into account the intransigence of the Socialists, we must rely upon Democratic and Republican progressives. Ultimately, our decision regarding how to move the next part of our agenda must take this into account, one way or another."
 united_states_crisis_events.4.a: "Ignore them."
 united_states_crisis_events.4.b: "Placate them by putting forward a bill."

 united_states_crisis_events.5.t: "Suit Launched Against Our Administration"
 united_states_crisis_events.5.d: "Our snubbing of Congress has seemingly resulted in quick blowback. Today, numerous conservatives, moderates, and even some progressives have joined a lawsuit arguing that Executive Order 7029 is unconstitutional, and that the president cannot appropriate funds in such a manner without the consent of Congress.\n\nThough the opposition of conservatives was expected, more concerning is the attachment of names such as those of Senators William Borah and Burton K. Wheeler to the suit. This open sleight against the administration by non-Farmer-Labor progressives is an indication of a growing rift on the centre-left regarding the use of government powers by the administration. Having chosen our course on the matter, the only thing left to do is see this fight to its conclusion."
 united_states_crisis_events.5.a: "They show their true colours."

 united_states_crisis_events.6.t: "Funding Legislation Stalls"
 united_states_crisis_events.6.d: "In response to congressional condemnation of Executive Order 7029, we have chosen to throw Congress a bone. Our allies in both the House and Senate have put forward new bills both legitimising the reappropriation of funds featured in EO 7029, as well as authorising funding for further public works projects.\n\nIntended to ameliorate concerns that we are overstepping the constitutional bounds of the presidency, the bills have instead not quite had their intended effect: their introduction, while placating the progressives in our congressional coalition, has been seen as an admission of guilt by conservatives. Many conservative members of congress have now attached themselves to a suit declaring EO 7029 unconstitutional, a suit which now appears to be headed straight to the conservative-leaning Supreme Court."
 united_states_crisis_events.6.a: "We did what we could."

 united_states_crisis_events.7.t: "Supreme Court Rules Against Us"
 united_states_crisis_events.7.d: "The administration has suffered a significant setback. The Supreme Court today has ruled that Executive Order 7029 is an unconstitutional exercise of presidential power, and that the president does not have the ability to reappropriate funds in such a manner. Though two members of the court's progressive wing dissented, most sided with the majority against the administration.\n\nThis defeat has substantial implications for the future of our administration. Being forced to push our agenda through Congress will slow our recovery efforts substantially, and lose us precious time in dealing with growling labour and farm unrest. As such, some members of the administration have suggested an alternative approach: ignoring the court.\n\nAn option with some precedent, we could simply declare that the present national state of economic emergency warrants the bypassing of the court's order. This will have significant ramifications however: if Congress was souring on us before, they will have even more to say now."
 united_states_crisis_events.7.a: "Back Down."
 united_states_crisis_events.7.b: "Let them enforce it."

 united_states_crisis_events.8.t: "Justice James McReynolds Assassinated"
 united_states_crisis_events.8.d: "Shocking news has come in today of an act of political violence in the heart of Washington itself. Associate Justice James R. McReynolds, a vociferous conservative voice on the Supreme Court, was murdered outside his apartment while leaving for the Supreme Court building this morning.\n\nMcReynolds, a key vote against the administration in the recent Supreme Court case regarding Executive Order 7029, was no friend of the administration. His assassination however seems set to spell headaches for us, as the assassin was an unemployed man who was a known supporter of the Farmer-Labor Party. Though no link between him and the administration itself exists, the assassination reflects poorly on the president, and whispers of conspiracy abound on the right.\n\nMcReynolds' assassination was not the first major act of political violence this year, and is unlikely to be the last. Political violence has continually grown over the past decade, both on the left and the right, with McReynolds being merely the highest profile casualty yet."
 united_states_crisis_events.8.a: "When will this stop?"

 united_states_crisis_events.9.t: "The Socialists Storm Out"
 united_states_crisis_events.9.d: "Our acquiescence to the ruling of the Supreme Court has resulted in some unexpected blowback. Smelling blood within the big-tent Farmer-Labor united front, Socialist Party Chairman John Reed has denounced President Olson's concession to the \"bourgeois obstructionists\" on the Supreme Court. Reed, on many occasions a tacit critic of the Socialists' participation in Farmer-Labor, has now called for an emergency referendum within the party, where the party's relationship with Farmer-Labor moving forward will be decided.\n\nThe exodus of the Socialists will have decisive ramifications for our coalition. Where once they were unreliable partners in Congress, now they are likely to be steadfastly opposed to our administration from an ultra-left standpoint. As such, our position becomes even more tenuous, as the domestic political situation further polarises."
 united_states_crisis_events.9.a: "We don't need them anyways."

 united_states_crisis_events.10.t: "Impeachment Proceedings Begin"
 united_states_crisis_events.10.d: "Though the administration's decision to flagrantly violate the ruling of the Supreme Court may have won it praise from the left, it has only deepened the divide between the president and Congress. Today, the ongoing rift between the executive and the legislature has come to a head, with the introduction of articles of impeachment by Congressman Dewey Jackson Short. Short charges President Olson with abuse of power, firmly listing the refusal to comply with the court's ruling as an example of the president overstepping his bounds.\n\nAs relations with even the progressives in Congress have dramatically deteriorated over the past weeks, we cannot guarantee that these proceedings will not garner enough votes to pass the House. Though impeachment will be a drawn out process, House Speaker John Nance Garner has already voiced his openness towards putting it forward for a House vote."
 united_states_crisis_events.10.a: "We won't be held back by those reactionaries."

 united_states_crisis_events.11.t: "Olson Falls Into a Coma"
 united_states_crisis_events.11.d: "For several years now, President Olson has known that his time on Earth is limited. Always plagued with pain and health issues, Olson was finally diagnosed with stomach cancer, a fact which was carefully hidden from the public both during his time in the Senate and in the White House. Though he was in immense pain in the later stages of his career, Olson powered on through, acting as a workaholic both on the campaign trail and in office.\n\nOlson's health has finally caught up to him however. As his cancer has taken a turn for the worse, Olson has been hospitalized, and has now fallen into a coma, from which his doctors doubt he will ever wake.\n\nThe sudden absence of the president due to previously unknown health issues has thrown the government into chaos: with no legal mechanism to replace a living but incapacitated president, the executive has been rendered headless for the time being. Meanwhile, speculation as to potential conspiracies have spread like wildfire, with many socialists speculating that the president has been poisoned by the capitalists."
 united_states_crisis_events.11.a: "Oh god."

 united_states_crisis_events.12.t: "Quentin Roosevelt Assumes Acting Presidency"
 united_states_crisis_events.12.d: "Olson's rapid and unforeseen withdrawal from public life has drawn the functions of the highest levels of the executive branch to a halt. With the White House in chaos, communications with Congress have totally broken down, and public relations have turned to radio silence. With the power vacuum in Washington impeding the normal functions of government, many have called upon Vice President Roosevelt to assume the presidency in an acting capacity.\n\nToday, Roosevelt has answered those calls. With the support of Olson's relatively moderate cabinet, Roosevelt has declared that he is assuming the functions and duties of the presidency, while clarifying that Olson remains president on a formal basis for the time being.\n\nThough the establishment is relieved that there is now someone in charge again in Washington, others are dismayed at Roosevelt's assumption of power. Both the Socialists and Huey Long have denounced the \"Business-Republican coup\" which has supposedly taken place, and many supporters of Olson in Farmer-Labor are receptive to such rhetoric, angered by the installation of a Republican acting president after Olson's hard-fought victory in January."
 united_states_crisis_events.12.a: "Let's get back to business."

 united_states_crisis_events.13.t: "Farmer-Labor Collapses"
 united_states_crisis_events.13.d: "The fragile united front of the Farmer-Labor Party has always been held together by a thread. The marriage between Progressives and Socialists mediated by the CIO was predicated on diametrically opposed assumptions and goals held by both sides. The Progressives sought the Socialists' votes and organising for their own campaigns, while the Socialists wanted to capture Farmer-Labor much as the Syndicalist Party of Great Britain captured the Labour Party.\n\nWith both sides only partnered in an alliance of convenience, the eventual end of Socialist affiliation was inevitable. Today, the Socialist Party's Executive Committee has formally and unilaterally severed ties with Farmer-Labor. Specifically citing Olson's cabinet's acquiescence to the ascension of Quentin Roosevelt to the acting presidency, the Socialists have denounced Farmer-Labor as a \"petty-bourgeois reformist organisation\".\n\nWorse still, when asked to comment on the matter, CIO President Sidney Hillman stated that his organisation would \"reconsider\" its relationship with Farmer-Labor. The potential exit of the CIO would likely deal a death blow to the party, which has a symbiotic relationship with the union and collects a large affiliation fee from it.\n\nWith this exodus of the far-left from the party, the future of Farmer-Labor is in serious jeopardy."
 united_states_crisis_events.13.a: "The centre cannot hold..."

 united_states_crisis_events.14.t: "Farmer-Laborites Defect to the SPA"
 united_states_crisis_events.14.d: "The recent collapse of the Farmer-Labor Party has left several political forces scrambling to pick up the pieces. As the national situation grows more inflamed and radical, both the Longists and the Socialist Party have made inroads into the former support base of the now hollowed-out party.\n\nIt has been the latter that has had the most success in doing so however. The disappointment of the Olson administration combined with sour feelings over the ascension of Roosevelt has driven many Farmer-Laborites into the arms of the party of Debs and Reed. Additionally, the Socialists have scored a recent coup with the defection of the CIO, which has ended its affiliation with Farmer-Labor and entered into a tripartite agreement with the IWW and the SPA. Overall, it seems that history has vindicated the idea originally posited by the Socialists when they entered Farmer-Labor: that progressives would become labourists, and labourists would become socialists."
 united_states_crisis_events.14.a: "They have fallen far from grace."

 united_states_crisis_events.15.t: "Socialist Party Walks Out of Congress"
 united_states_crisis_events.15.d: "The recent chaos in the Farmer-Labor Party has seen attention on the left refocused on the Socialist Party, which has escaped mostly unscathed from the debacles surrounding the (seemingly brief) Olson presidency. With the national situation growing ever more radical and inflamed, the Socialists have denounced recent police actions against strikers, as well as Roosevelt's supposed unilateral usurpation of power.\n\nToday, the Socialists have taken a radical new step. Denouncing \"bourgeois parliamentarianism\" as having served its purpose for the party, the Socialists have walked out of Congress, pulling with them several Farmer-Labor representatives. Intending to crater the legitimacy of the government through abstention, the Socialists have received only a muted response from the establishment parties so far. However, it is clear that this action, as well as the formation of a tripartite alliance with the CIO and IWW, indicates a more confrontational approach from the Socialists in the near future."
 united_states_crisis_events.15.a: "Concerning."

 united_states_crisis_events.16.t: "Executive Order 7011"
 united_states_crisis_events.16.d: "One of the key points of the first Farmer-Labor platform was the appropriation of idle and abandoned factories and works to facilitate employment by the government and alleviate chronic unemployment. A key demand of the Socialists in exchange for their participation, it was a key plank in both of Olson's presidential campaigns, in both 1932 and 1936.\n\nNow, with Olson in office, it is time to fulfil that promise. A question of scope arises however: how broad should the power to expropriate be, and what condition must a factory be in in order to be considered abandoned. Though a stricter definition may lessen the impact of this program, it would likely help it survive an immediate court challenge, a key consideration in any case."
 united_states_crisis_events.16.a: "Outline specific conditions for abandonment."
 united_states_crisis_events.16.b: "Now is the time for bold action."

 united_states_crisis_events.17.t: "GM Sues Michigan"
 united_states_crisis_events.17.d: "It has not taken long for Executive Order 7011 to ruffle many feathers. As the order enables state governments to undertake expropriations of idle properties, it has been used by the radical Socialist administration in Michigan to legitimize the seizure of General Motors property undertaken by workers late last year.\n\nWith GM obviously disinclined to take this lying down, they have sued both the federal government and the government of Michigan over the infringement of their property rights. They are seeking to have EO 7011 ruled unconstitutional, and their factories returned to them with compensation. Governor Al Renner however has stated that even if the courts rule in GM's favour, his administration will not comply with court orders."
 united_states_crisis_events.17.a: "Looks like a showdown."

 united_states_crisis_events.18.t: "GM Suit Caught Up in Courts"
 united_states_crisis_events.18.d: "The suit brought by General Motors has, thanks to the efforts of Socialist Party lawyers in Michigan, faced numerous initial hurdles that have brought its progress to a standstill. Using procedural tactics, as well as the ongoing restructuring of the Michigan court system being undertaken by the new Socialist majority, GM's suit has been obstructed and halted in its tracks.\n\nThough GM is attempting to escalate its federal suit, it too is only slowly making its way through the federal court system. Our efforts at protecting EO 7011 have thus far been successful, a fact which has further emboldened Socialist governors in the midwest to conduct factory seizures."
 united_states_crisis_events.18.a: "Excellent."

 united_states_crisis_events.19.t: "Supreme Court Rules EO 7011 Unconstitutional"
 united_states_crisis_events.19.d: "General Motors' suit against the federal government has quickly found its way through the federal court system. The dubious legality of EO 7011, specifically in its broadness and lack of protection for private property rights, has allowed ample openings for GM lawyers to hack away at it in federal court.\n\nThis has culminated today in a ruling by the Supreme Court against the administration. Admonishing the administration for its flagrant disregard for property rights, the court has ordered Michigan to return GM's factories, and rendered EO 7011 a dead letter.\n\nIn Michigan, Governor Renner is not taking the court order lying down. With his continued intransigence, we have two options: either we abide by the court's decision, damaging our relationship with the Socialists, or we leave GM out to dry and let Michigan have their way."
 united_states_crisis_events.19.a: "Back Down."
 united_states_crisis_events.19.b: "Let them enforce it."

 united_states_crisis_events.20.t: "GM Hires Paramilitaries to Seize Plants"
 united_states_crisis_events.20.d: "Having failed to achieve their aims through the courts, General Motors has been pushed towards more desperate measures to end Michigan's occupation of their factories. Having been faced with the choice between either waiting out Michigan's growing budget deficit (albeit one alleviated by worker management of the plants), or a direct confrontation, they have chosen the latter.\n\nReports have reached Washington of an agreement between GM and the local Minutemen paramilitaries in Detroit. It appears the Minutemen have been hired as mercenaries of sorts to take the plants back, with the prerogative to seize them by force if need be. Already, Governor Renner has mobilised the National Guard to deal with this \"reactionary menace\", but concerns of an imminent fight in Detroit abound."
 united_states_crisis_events.20.a: "This is getting dangerous."

 united_states_crisis_events.21.t: "The Battle of Detroit"
 united_states_crisis_events.21.d: "The expected mass outbreak of violence in Detroit has finally arrived. Expecting only a motley resistance, the Minutemen attempted to secure the surrender of plant workers in the targets designated by General Motors. When the workers fired back in response, fighting simultaneously broke out across the city, as Minutemen and workers' militias battled both near the factories and in the streets.\n\nA day of drawn out fighting ensued. In certain areas, brutal house-to-house combat saw enormous property damage, as the governor mobilised the National Guard and ordered them to suppress the \"reactionary uprising\". As the National Guard brought heavier weaponry into the city, the Minutemen soon found their manpower disadvantage supplemented by a firepower one. One by one, Minutemen brigades retreated, with many fleeing to the right-wing bastion of Dearborn.\n\nAs the sun set, the new reality in Detroit set in. The workers now ruled the city."
 united_states_crisis_events.21.a: "My god."

 united_states_crisis_events.22.t: "The Detroit Commune Rises"
 united_states_crisis_events.22.d: "With the victory of the workers' militia in Detroit, the city has fallen under the complete control of the Socialist Party, the CIO, and the IWW. Together, they have initiated a program of total syndicalisation of heavy industry, and have seized the property of reputed reactionary politicians and businessmen.\n\nThe political situation in the city having suddenly radicalised from even its previous Socialist-dominated state, the new state of affairs has been formalised with the formation of the Detroit Commune. A new government based on the model of the French communes has been installed with the backing of the state government under the Renner Administration, now totally bereft of non-socialist influence.\n\nAs a result of the crisis, we have been forced to declare martial law in the state. This however has had little impact on the ground, as the Red Guards and Minutemen prepare for a confrontation that will decide the fate of the state."
 united_states_crisis_events.22.a: "Is this the beginning of a revolution?"

 united_states_crisis_events.23.t: "Governor Renner Ignores Us"
 united_states_crisis_events.23.d: "Our acquiescence to the Supreme Court's decision regarding EO 7011 has not gone over well with the government of Michigan. Contrary to our decision to comply with the court's verdict, Michigan has continued to occupy General Motors property, and has refused to vacate the factories which it has essentially turned into worker-managed cooperatives.\n\nWith GM and Michigan seemingly irreconcilably opposed on this issue, it seems federal intervention to return the factories will be needed to resolve the crisis. Though this will undoubtedly be extremely unpopular with the Socialist Party, it is the only way we can comply with our promise to uphold the Supreme Court's ruling."
 united_states_crisis_events.23.a: "He has forced our hand."

 united_states_crisis_events.24.t: "Detroit Commune Proclaimed"
 united_states_crisis_events.24.d: "The action by the Red Guards and workers' militia began not long after the sun rose. With them and the National Guard placed in key points in the city, they quickly seized important infrastructure, including the General Motors factories not yet occupied by the workers. With the element of surprise on their side, they neutralised the potential threat of the local Minutemen, arresting much of their leadership and forcing those on the outskirts of the city centre to retreat to the suburbs after brief skirmishes, and then beyond.\n\nAfter the relatively clean coup, Governor Renner announced the formation of the Detroit Commune, A new government based on the model of the French communes. The new commune, made up of the Socialist Party, the CIO, and the IWW, has announced its intention to further nationalise GM factories, and drive reactionary forces out of the city.\n\nThose reactionaries have not stood idly by however. Many who escaped have regrouped in the reactionary bastion of Dearborn, intent on taking back the city. Nevertheless, as things stand now, the red flag flies over Detroit."
 united_states_crisis_events.24.a: "An American Paris Commune?"

 united_states_crisis_events.25.t: "Arrests of Reactionary Politicians"
 united_states_crisis_events.25.d: "The Red Guards and workers' militias in Detroit have wasted little time in mobilizing to defend their revolution-in-miniature. Governor Renner, now running an administration bereft of \"reactionary\" influence, has declared that reactionaries and capitalists must be rooted out of Michigan in order for the workers to maintain control. Our declaration of martial law in the state has had little effect, as a local civil war brews.\n\nThe first offensive action of such a civil war has just taken place. With the aid of the National Guard (itself a concerning sign) the workers' militias and Red Guards marched on Dearborn, easily capturing the city from disorganised and disoriented Minutemen. Once there, they initiated several rounds of arrests, including of Congressman Clare Hoffman and former assistant state Attorney-General Orville L. Hubbard. The decisive action has been celebrated by the supporters of the \"Michigan Revolution\", mainly socialists, but it has caused panic among conservatives across the nation, as cries of \"red terror\" abound."
 united_states_crisis_events.25.a: "This is all out of control."

 united_states_crisis_events.26.t: "Setting Up a Special Commission"
 united_states_crisis_events.26.d: "As the first priority of our administration, we have elected to establish the \"Presidential Commission on Labor and Civil Rights\" to finally enforce the progressive but weak laws passed under President Smith. This special commission will serve as a fact-finding agency on our behalf, intended to hammer out actionable and decisive recommendations which we can put into effect through legislation.\n\nThough the commission will have a broad prerogative, it is important that we make clear what it is to prioritise in the first months of Olson's presidency. On the one hand, our allies in organised labour are pushing for us to further the work of the La Follette Committee, so as to investigate the duplicitous actions of anti-union agencies. On the other hand, perhaps the more immediate concern is the enforcement of the 1935 anti-lynching law, which has faced roadblocks in its application in the south despite efforts at federal enforcement. Ultimately, we must choose how we spend our limited focus carefully."
 united_states_crisis_events.26.a: "Focus on defending labour rights."
 united_states_crisis_events.26.b: "Hit them where it hurts, establish an anti-lynching commission."

 united_states_crisis_events.27.t: "Shootout in Toledo"
 united_states_crisis_events.27.d: "Unfortunately, it appears our attempts to further enforce the 1935 National Labor Arbitration and Enforcement Act have had some unintended consequences. Some misunderstandings surrounding the prerogatives of federal arbitrators in a Toledo labour dispute have resulted in an escalation of violence on both sides. What has ensued is a shootout where our people were forced to retreat, as workers and local Minutemen hired as goons by the company bosses fired at one another.\n\nWith three workers and two Minutemen dead, tensions in northern Ohio have inflamed dramatically. Already, Governor Sharts, a Socialist reliant on Farmer-Labor support, has declared that the Minutemen involved will be captured and brought to justice, without making any effort to coordinate a response with our administration."
 united_states_crisis_events.27.a: "Damnit."

 united_states_crisis_events.28.t: "Ohio State Government Moves To Arrest Minutemen"
 united_states_crisis_events.28.d: "Governor Sharts' declaration calling for the arrest of the Minutemen involved in the recent shooting in Toledo has resulted in a state-wide manhunt being launched to find and detain them. After a few days on the run, a group of National Guardsmen tracked the fugitives to a location near the Ohio-Indiana border. Seeing clearly that the fugitives were attempting to escape the state for Indiana, the guardsmen resolved to capture them then and there.\n\nThough the Minutemen were outnumbered, they were able to spot the National Guardsmen as they approached. Soon after, the Minutemen, more well armed than the guardsmen anticipated, opened fire. Only now has the firefight been resolved, as..."
 united_states_crisis_events.28.a: "The Minutemen are captured alive."
 united_states_crisis_events.28.b: "They escape in a shootout!"

 united_states_crisis_events.29.t: "Ohio Minutemen Arrested En Masse"
 united_states_crisis_events.29.d: "With the successful capture of the Toledo Minutemen, an alleged conspiracy by the Minutemen in Ohio to take the state capitol and overthrow the duly elected government has been discovered. This plan, allegedly financed by big business and various industrial interests, was to involve the arrest and even murder of high ranking Socialist and Farmer-Labor politicians, including Governor Joseph Sharts, Attorney-General John Marshall, as well as of prominent union leaders in the state.\n\nIn response, the governor has declared a general state of emergency, ordering the arrest of dozens of prominent Minutemen and announcing a curfew. In several instances, Socialist Vanguards and Red Guards have been deputised in the fight to root out the Minutemen, which has turned into a state-wide campaign."
 united_states_crisis_events.29.a: "Better them than us I suppose..."

 united_states_crisis_events.30.t: "Workers' Militias Deputised in Ohio"
 united_states_crisis_events.30.d: "With the bungling of the arrest of the Toledo Minutemen, a state of panic among leftists in Ohio has seen calls for drastic measures amplified and reach the political mainstream. This has been compounded by recent allegations of a Minutemen plot to occupy the state capitol and overthrow Ohio's Farmer-Labor and Socialist government, and to arrest and kill key socialist leaders.\n\nIn response, Governor Sharts has authorised the emergency deputization of several workers' militias forming in northern Ohio. In a recent statement, the governor has proclaimed the need for the workers' to defend themselves from \"reactionary insurgency\", and that only with an expanded popular-based policing force will Ohioans be safe."
 united_states_crisis_events.30.a: "What are we? Communards?"

 united_states_crisis_events.31.t: "Workers' Militias Occupy Ohio State Capitol"
 united_states_crisis_events.31.d: "With the recent coup scare in Ohio, political violence in the state has escalated substantially. Open battles between the Minutemen and their opponents have become commonplace, as local police become more and more incapable of stopping the tide of violence.\n\nIn response to the recent coup scare, at the behest of Socialist Party Attorney-General John Marshall, groups of deputized workers' militias have mobilised in the state capital of Columbus, so as to \"defend\" the state government from \"reactionary insurgency\". Though Columbus has fared relatively well through the depression due to its diversified economy, it has not been spared the upsurge in worker militancy that has spread across the north in the wake of Black Monday.\n\nThe actions of the workers' militias have culminated today in their occupation of the state capitol. Sanctioned by the administration, as well as the Socialist contingent in the state legislature, they have declared their intention to \"protect\" the government from the reactionary threat. This has obviously been denounced as a Socialist coup by non-Farmer-Laborites in the state government, and it remains to be seen how much blowback Marshall will face."
 united_states_crisis_events.31.a: "Concerning."

 united_states_crisis_events.32.t: "Governor Sharts Granted Emergency Powers"
 united_states_crisis_events.32.d: "In an emergency session of the Ohio state legislature, both houses have voted to grant Governor Sharts emergency powers to combat \"Minutemen terrorists\", and ensure the security of the government of Ohio. Taken under the watch of the workers' militias occupying the state capitol, the vote was boycotted by all non-Farmer-Labor or Socialist members, who denounced the \"naked intimidation\" of the Governor's actions.\n\nFarmer-Labor itself was divided, with many members being swayed to the Socialists' side due to the rapidly escalating national situation, as well as the recent coup scare in Ohio itself. Though the governor, a relative moderate in his party, was reluctant to seize power so blatently, Attorney-General John Marshall has been noted as applying a leftward pressure within the administration, with many regarding him as the power behind the throne. In any case, this represents a key victory for the radicals, as, in effect, the Socialists have taken full control of the security of the state."
 united_states_crisis_events.32.a: "They're falling further to radicalism."

 united_states_crisis_events.33.t: "National Guard Placed Under Militia Command"
 united_states_crisis_events.33.d: "With the recent explosive growth of workers' militias in Ohio, the socialist and union forces have been emboldened by the decision of Governor Sharts to deputise them in the fight against the Minutemen. The recent occupation of the state capitol in particular has resulted in a further expansion of the militias, as well as of the Red Guards associated with the SPA.\n\nWith the increasing role of the militias becoming clearer and clearer, Governor Sharts and Attorney-General Marshall have taken the dramatic step of creating a unified militia command. Further still, they have placed the Ohio National Guard under that command structure, essentially subordinating it to the workers' militias. This has been loudly denounced by non-socialist politicians both in and out of the state legislature, as well as the army, which is meant to share command over the guard with the state. However, as the local army corps area has been hesitant to intervene, and with the Socialists taking de facto control over the state's policing and paramilitary forces, these denunciations have seemingly had little impact."
 united_states_crisis_events.33.a: "A Red coup in middle America."

 united_states_crisis_events.34.t: "Murders in North Carolina"
 united_states_crisis_events.34.d: "Several days ago, two Socialist Party organisers sent to organise sharecroppers in North Carolina, as well as two local sharecroppers, were shot and killed by unknown assailants, and hastily dumped in a river east of Charlotte. Their bodies were only just now discovered, by employees of the Presidential Commission on Labor and Civil Rights, sent to investigate reports of a lynching in the area.\n\nThe discovery of these four victims has generated national headlines, as both civil rights groups and the Socialist Party have demanded justice. As an intersection of the commission's areas of responsibility, it is both an important and an opportune case for us to pursue, as federal investigators have been sent to the area to uncover any clues as to the identity of the assailants."
 united_states_crisis_events.34.a: "We must find them."

 united_states_crisis_events.35.t: "Arresting the Perpetrators"
 united_states_crisis_events.35.d: "As luck would have it, the perpetrators of the murders in North Carolina worked rather sloppily. Leaving abundant evidence for federal investigators, they have been identified and tracked to a nearby town, where we now intend to bring them to justice.\n\nThe particular logistics of their arrest remains an important question however: though we obviously want to set an example that activists are safe even in the south, at the same time it would be unwise to needlessly inflame tensions by taking provocative action. Thus, we must decide whether to try to cajole unreliable local police to make the arrest (which they may well refuse to do), or to federalise the National Guard, an action that would provoke resistance in the south."
 united_states_crisis_events.35.a: "Order the state to do it."
 united_states_crisis_events.35.b: "Federalise the National Guard."

 united_states_crisis_events.36.t: "Local North Carolina Police Refuse to Comply"
 united_states_crisis_events.36.d: "Our attempts to minimize the backlash to the arrests of the alleged perpetrators of the recent killings in North Carolina have taken a turn for the worse. Local police have steadfastly refused to take the men into custody, let alone release them to us. Local law enforcement has been generally sympathetic to the men, and opposed to our attempts to reign in their communities.\n\nAs such, we are forced to escalate the situation by federalising the national guard, an action we had initially wished to avoid taking. Hopefully the blowback is minimal."
 united_states_crisis_events.36.a: "Federalise the National Guard."

 united_states_crisis_events.37.t: "Retaliatory Killings in Chicago"
 united_states_crisis_events.37.d: "Though the arrests of the alleged perpetrators of the recent North Carolina murders has gone off without a hitch (besides initial rumours of a defensive militia that caused us to increase the involved number of guardsmen), the delay in the arrest of the men has invited significant condemnation and backlash across the nation. Just one day before the men were arrested, two Share Our Wealth organisers were killed outside of a Chicago hotel, seemingly in a retaliatory attack.\n\nThough Share Our Wealth is antagonistic to our administration, the uptick in political violence is obviously gravely concerning no matter which side it is coming from. Already, police are investigating the murder, but with the Socialists holding a strong grip on the city it is unknown if local police can be trusted with the investigation..."
 united_states_crisis_events.37.a: "Very troubling."

 united_states_crisis_events.38.t: "National Guard Attacked in NC Shootout"
 united_states_crisis_events.38.d: "Our attempts to arrest the alleged perpetrators of the recent killings in North Carolina have taken a turn for the worse. Though we were correct in assuming only the National Guard would be reliable enough to bring the men to justice, we had not correctly anticipated the level of resistance they would face in fulfilling their duty.\n\nThe small and lightly armed contingent of guardsmen arrived at the town the killers had taken refuge in, only to be met with an armed ambush. A local militia, comprised of volunteers including local law enforcement, repelled the guardsmen from the town, allowing the fugitives to escape.\n\nThough a larger guard force was later sent in, the damage has been done. The men have escaped, and North Carolina has been set aflame, with anti-government rioting and racial violence having exploded into the open."
 united_states_crisis_events.38.a: "So much for the most liberal state in the south."

 united_states_crisis_events.39.t: "Martial Law in North Carolina"
 united_states_crisis_events.39.d: "The recent events in North Carolina have mandated a strong federal response. Today, the President declared martial law across the state, authorising the federalised national guard to take whatever measures necessary to protect the wellbeing and property of all its inhabitants.\n\nThough this is a necessary measure, it has not necessarily had the desired effectiveness as of yet. In many parts of the state, it is still unenforceable, as local militias and police still hold a monopoly on force. The reliability of the National Guard itself has also come into question, with numerous personnel leaving their posts in response to our attempts to enforce the state of martial law."
 united_states_crisis_events.39.a: "We don't have many other options."

 united_states_crisis_events.40.t: "Southern States Deputise Minutemen"
 united_states_crisis_events.40.d: "Citing the increase in disorder and political violence nationwide, several southern states, including Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, have authorised the deputisation of civilian paramilitaries in law enforcement. Effectively, this means the deputisation of the Minutemen, and the further strengthening of Huey Long's growing hold over the south.\n\nThough these states have loudly proclaimed that they are primarily concerned with maintaining order against \"political radicals\", the deputisation of the minutemen has indicated that this is a rather one-sided and targeted approach. Already, reports of increased violence against unionists, particularly those organising predominantly black industries such as sharecropping, have made national headlines, inviting outrage and condemnation from the left."
 united_states_crisis_events.40.a: "Is this ever going to end?"

 united_states_crisis_events.51.t: "Borah Introduces Fair Deal Legislation"
 united_states_crisis_events.51.d: "The inauguration of a new President briefly instilled renewed confidence on Wall Street, as the shadow of the Smith Administration passed. Though President Borah is a progressive maverick, the markets rebounded with the news that new public works and federal funding projects were likely to come into fruition as a result of the new administration.\n\nThis brief rebound seems to be quickly fizzling out however: though the president signed a swath of executive orders upon taking office, he has deferred large-scale spending to Congress, as is its prerogative. Thus, the announcement of a new legislative package supported by the administration has been hotly anticipated.\n\nToday, the president has put the speculation to rest. Announcing what he calls the \"Fair Deal\" (named for Theodore Roosevelt's \"Square Deal\"), Borah has, in an address to the nation, called for the passage of a slate of spending measures, as well as a new Revenue Act that will levy an income tax to fund these expenditures. Though raising taxes will doubtlessly be less than popular, the president insists on the necessity of returning the nation to fiscal health while dealing with the depression.\n\nAlready, the plan has drawn sharp responses from Congress. Liberals and Progressives are broadly supportive, while conservatives are more sceptical. The Socialists have denounced the plan unconditionally, leaving the moderate Farmer-Laborites and the Long camp as the main swing votes that will decide the fate of Borah's agenda."
 united_states_crisis_events.51.a: "We must get this through."

 united_states_crisis_events.52.t: "Liberal Democrats in Congress Announce Support"
 united_states_crisis_events.52.d: "President Borah has been the recipient of good news today, as several important liberal and progressive Democrats have announced their support for the president's proposed income tax bill. Senator Robert Wagner of New York has pledged to support the president's efforts to institute a federal income tax to fund public works and other projects, noting his hope that the president would revive the failed Social Security push of last year. Additionally, progressive Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana has announced his support as well.\n\nThe consolidation of a moderate liberal-progressive bloc including both Democrats and Republicans in Congress in support of Borah's program has been viewed as an important step for the new administration. Senator Wheeler's support has also increased hopes that Huey Long and his supporters will come around to the president's proposals. As Long's closest friend in Congress, it is hoped that Wheeler's influence will further bridge the gap between the president and Long."
 united_states_crisis_events.52.a: "We can only hope."

 united_states_crisis_events.53.t: "Long Voices Scepticism"
 united_states_crisis_events.53.d: "Prior to last year's election, Huey Long and William Borah had an amicable relationship in the Senate as loose members of the broad-tent progressive bloc. Though Borah was not nearly as critical of President Smith as Long was, their shared support of more interventionist measures fostered a cooperative attitude, one which manifested on the campaign trail when they avoided attacking one another by name.\n\nUpon Borah's election, it was hoped that this previous collaboration would allow Borah to accommodate Long, and fold him into his coalition. Though Long at first appeared to show interest in the president's overtures, it appears that relations between the men have cooled since the inauguration.\n\nToday, Long has criticised Borah's \"Fair Deal\" in the Senate. Criticising the proposed measures as insufficient compared to the calamity of the depression, Long stopped just short of announcing outright opposition to Borah's income tax bill. Long's apparent opposition has thrown a wrench into efforts to pass Borah's program. With both the Socialists and Longists hypothetically opposed, the margin against them and conservative intransigents becomes far narrower than we would have hoped."
 united_states_crisis_events.53.a: "Nothing but a troublemaker."

 united_states_crisis_events.54.t: "Farmer-Labor Splits On the Fair Deal"
 united_states_crisis_events.54.d: "The recent news of Huey Long's split with President Borah has sent pro-administration forces into a panic. Though there is clearly a majority in Congress for change of some kind, it is now far from certain whether there is a majority for the president's proposed \"Fair Deal\", given the opposition of both the far-left and the right.\n\nWith the administration on the backfoot, any good news is welcome. Thus, the news that several moderate members of the Farmer-Labor Party in Congress are looking to break with their Socialist allies in order to back the president's agenda has been greeted with enthusiasm by establishment liberals and progressives. President Borah in particular has praised their decision to place country over party, and has invited them to joint discussions surrounding his agenda.\n\nThe Socialists however have not taken this lying down. Smelling blood among their \"allies\", they have accused the Farmer-Laborites of betraying the working class and their voters, words which have seen them make inroads among radicalised Farmer-Labor voters, who appear to have drifted to the left of their representatives."
 united_states_crisis_events.54.a: "Still, a welcome sign."

 united_states_crisis_events.55.t: "Income Tax Bill Dies in Committee"
 united_states_crisis_events.55.d: "Since the inauguration of President Borah, the high hopes that surrounded his election have continually declined, as the national situation has failed to improve in the first month of his tenure. As political violence escalates further and further, the president's legislative agenda has faced ever greater setbacks. Now, it appears dead in the water, as the income tax bill touted as the first step in Borah's \"Fair Deal\" has died in committee.\n\nOnly a week ago it seemed as if Borah's agenda might recover from Huey Long's decision to oppose the president, as dissident Farmer-Laborites rallied to the president's coalition in Congress. This however was not enough to save the bill from being tabled, de facto stopping it in its tracks. The bill's defeat in committee has thoroughly squashed the momentum behind the president's legislative project, and now the administration drifts listlessly, being attacked on all sides by radicals in the SPA and Long's cohort, who smell blood in the water."
 united_states_crisis_events.55.a: "Damn."

 united_states_crisis_events.56.t: "Fair Deal Efforts collapse"
 united_states_crisis_events.56.d: "What initially appeared likely has now become, for all intents and purposes, fact. Though the president has made no formal admission of legislative defeat, the comparative quietness from the White House regarding Borah's \"Fair Deal\" has indicated that the president's core legislative agenda is now dead in the water. Beset from both the left and the right since its announcement, the failure of the income tax bill, as well as growing political violence has forced the president to turn his administration's policies elsewhere for now.\n\nSmelling blood, both radical factions have pounced on the President's failure. Huey Long, perhaps the greatest architect of the Fair Deal's downfall, has denounced Borah for giving up on domestic reform, seemingly revelling in his rank hypocrisy surrounding the matter. The Socialist Party meanwhile has gone on as they usually do, proclaiming the need for immediate socialisation of industry in the name of the working class.\n\nIn any case, public confidence in Borah has plummeted since the Fair Deal's failure. The belief that this administration can fix the economy through legislation has evaporated into thin air, further radicalising the public and intensifying the present crisis of political violence."
 united_states_crisis_events.56.a: "We tried..."

 united_states_crisis_events.57.t: "Approaching Negotiations"
 united_states_crisis_events.57.d: "It is abundantly clear that a coalition of establishment progressives and liberals will not be enough to carry our ambitious legislative agenda into being. Clear-headed negotiations will be necessary if we want to have any serious hope of passing even the most basic of Borah's \"Fair Deal\" proposals. Though the left remains hostile to this administration, the opportunity to make new allies has seemingly presented itself on the other end of radical politics.\n\nSince Huey Long's entry into the Senate in 1932, he and President Borah have had a strong working relationship. Both members of the broad western progressive grouping in the Senate, Long and Borah have historically been aligned on important progressive issues, including many proposals finding their way into the Fair Deal, such as an income tax. With Borah's election, Long has been uncharacteristically quiet, sending overtures to us that he is willing to talk.\n\nTaking advantage of Long's openness will be key, not only so we can win him over, but also for winning over his southern allies. Firstly however, we must decide what our approach to negotiations will be: will we leverage the presidency to force the other side to come to terms, or will we appeal to their better nature and call for national unity?"
 united_states_crisis_events.57.a: "We don't want to alienate people here."
 united_states_crisis_events.57.b: "We need to press them hard."

 united_states_crisis_events.58.t: "Setting Up a Meeting"
 united_states_crisis_events.58.d: "The time has come for us to arrange our first set of negotiations to pull Long's coalition into the fold of our Fair Deal. Without either Long's personal bloc or his reluctant southern allies, the hopes of passing any substantial legislation are slim at best, making the next few decisions crucial.\n\nThe obvious first step would be to meet with Long personally. Taking advantage of the existing rapport between Long and the president is an obvious move, and Long is likely to be more receptive to interventionist economics and increased spending than his southern allies.\n\nAlternatively however, we could meet with a number of key southern senators. The conservative south has always been an odd fit for Long, settling on him as a figurehead mainly out of opposition to the other major political forces. Though our ties to them are not as strong as those with Long, Borah has incurred praise from them due to his defence of states' rights, particularly with regards to the debate surrounding the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Act, which Borah opposed. Splitting them from Long could be an unorthodox but ingenious manoeuvre."
 united_states_crisis_events.58.a: "Long is at the head of all of this."
 united_states_crisis_events.58.b: "Gather the southern senators, they'll be reasonable."

 united_states_crisis_events.59.t: "First Meeting With Long"
 united_states_crisis_events.59.d: "The agenda of our first meeting with Long has been broadly decided. The main feature is to be the first stages of the Fair Deal agenda, including a request for Long's support on the income tax bill which is intended to levy a federal income tax to pay for the proposed programs. Though we expect Long shouldn't have many problems with this, we must decide what we are willing to give him in exchange for his support.\n\nOn the one hand, by finding common ground we may be able to convince him that the Fair Deal itself is a reward. For eight years under Smith, Long criticised the president's reluctance to intervene economically. Now, with Borah in the White House, Long has the chance to put his money where his mouth is.\n\nAlternatively, we can focus on more...material impacts that the Fair Deal may have. With Borah's insistence on respecting states' rights, many of the new initiatives will be administered by the states. With poor states like Louisiana to be particular beneficiaries, we may find the good old fashioned pork may bring Long along with our program."
 united_states_crisis_events.59.a: "Find common ground - we're both progressives at the end of the day, right?"
 united_states_crisis_events.59.b: "Long strikes a hard bargain, but some good pork will loosen him up."

 united_states_crisis_events.60.t: "Southern Senators Grumble"
 united_states_crisis_events.60.d: "The president's recent meeting with Huey Long was productive and encouraging. With Long affirming his openness to supporting the Fair Deal, we have made important progress in securing a majority for it in Congress. Many of Long's southern allies however have been more reluctant to go along with their nominal leader's plans. Far less radical than Long, they have tacitly criticised the president from the right, breaking ranks with Long.\n\nIt is important to remember this division in the Long camp's ranks, and to deal with this problem on its own terms. Appealing to these southerners is a necessary step in bringing Long's faction into the fold. Though Borah's ties with them are weaker than with Long, perhaps they are enough to cool some heads surrounding this situation.\n\nAlternatively, Borah could forgo sort power and instead remind these conservatives of the stakes at play. If they do not allow Borah to push the Fair Deal through, perhaps the Socialists will seek to do so by other means than through Congress..."
 united_states_crisis_events.60.a: "They should know they have a friend in us."
 united_states_crisis_events.60.b: "They should be reminded of the strikers outside."

 united_states_crisis_events.61.t: "Meeting With the Southern Senators"
 united_states_crisis_events.61.d: "After the mild success of our meeting with Long, and the calming of tensions with the southern camp, the time has come to fully bring the southern senators on-side. Though their default conservative inclinations make them reluctant to support progressive economic intervention, the president hopes that necessity and common sense will bring them to support his Fair Deal.\n\nIn any case, we have every intention of meeting with a larger number of southern senators to hash out a deal. An important question has hung over such a meeting however: that of Huey Long. Though Long is obviously a senator from the south, many more orthodox senators wish to meet with the president without him, believing that he will simply support Borah's line.\n\nEither way, we can play the decision to our advantage: by bringing Long in, we can pressure the other senators to \"get with the program\", so to speak, and browbeat them into following Long's lead. Alternatively, by accommodating them, we can win their trust and flip the script on Long, breaking up their tenuous coalition."
 united_states_crisis_events.61.a: "There's an opening here. Wedge them by accepting their terms."
 united_states_crisis_events.61.b: "Long is their leader, why shouldn't he be in the room?"

 united_states_crisis_events.62.t: "First Meeting With the Southern Senators"
 united_states_crisis_events.62.d: "Our decision to first meet with the peripheral southern members of Long's coalition has been met with skepticism by some of the president's allies. On the surface, Long may seem to be the more immediately convincible figure in the coalition, due to his existing rapport with President Borah and his support for a more interventionist approach to the depression.\n\nLong's southern allies however present a key opportunity for us. While they have mostly been behind Long for the past year, they have always been reticent towards Long's distributionist policy positions, keeping their leader at arms length at all times. This ideological space, we believe, may give us the opportunity to split the Long bloc in two, neutralising them as a threat.\n\nTo get the southerners on board however, we must find the best strategy to get them to sign on to the Fair Deal. Though these conservatives are usually reticent to federal economic intervention, we could attempt to assuage their fears by presenting ourselves as more moderate than their nominal leader. Alternatively, we could offer key incentives in the form of patronage, which could swing the more pragmatic members of their faction."
 united_states_crisis_events.62.a: "We hear them, we listen. There's no radicalism in this administration."
 united_states_crisis_events.62.b: "I think we all understand the language of commerce..."

 united_states_crisis_events.63.t: "Long Criticises Borah"
 united_states_crisis_events.63.d: "Our decision to meet with Long's southern allies has not gone unnoticed among the public. Whispers of a potential split within the Long camp have abounded around Washington for the past week, as the southern senators who backed Long's bid for president last year appear to be receptive to the president's Fair Deal initiative.\n\nOne particular figure for whom this turn of events has set off alarm bells is Huey Long himself. Considering himself a friend and amicable colleague of the president up until this point, Long has changed his tone in his latest public speeches. Ramping up criticism of President Borah, Long accuses him of being more interested in the opinions of establishment Democrats (by which he means his own nominal allies) than of the \"Share Our Wealth\" movement which has supposedly galvanised the nation.\n\nThough Long's speech initially seems to be a setback, it could be interpreted as a success for our hardline strategy. Our meeting with the southerners has certainly caught Long on the backfoot, and he appears to be scrambling to regain the initiative in negotiations. One option of course would be to try to smooth things over with him in the leadup to an anticipated meeting, by privately apologising for the snub. Alternatively, we could ramp up the pressure, perhaps even by holding another meeting with Senate liberals before meeting him."
 united_states_crisis_events.63.a: "Privately apologise before this gets out of hand."
 united_states_crisis_events.63.b: "Keep him on the backfoot. Set up a meeting with Senate liberals."

 united_states_crisis_events.64.t: "Our Friend Long"
 united_states_crisis_events.64.d: "Since President Borah's inauguration, hopes have abounded that the new president will be able to finally reach an accord with Huey Long and his movement, and re-integrate them into mainstream politics. After weeks with seemingly little progress with Long himself (though some more substantial progress with his more recent allies), the time has finally come to meet Long face-to-face, and hammer out a deal to pass the first stages of the Fair Deal.\n\nThough Long reacted negatively to our snubbing of him when we met with the southern senators before him, he has responded with enthusiasm with regards to our plans for a one-on-one meeting with President Borah. This has been taken as an encouraging sign that Long will be willing to engage in good faith, however it remains to be seen if we can convince him to do so.\n\nAppealing to Long's desire for stronger economic action is a simple and easy path. While we cannot guarantee that he will be won over by words, Borah's previous rapport with him will help substantially. Alternatively, some of our advisors have suggested that Long's outbursts a week or so ago were an indication of desperation. If that is so, perhaps it will be better to corner Long, and force him to concede to our demands, lest we rip his coalition apart entirely."
 united_states_crisis_events.64.a: "Appeal to our common values."
 united_states_crisis_events.64.b: "He's desperate, and we know it. Push him into a corner."

 united_states_crisis_events.65.t: "Our Final Offer"
 united_states_crisis_events.65.d: "With the progress made in negotiations with the Long faction over the past week, many in the administration feel encouraged that we will secure the necessary votes to get the Fair Deal rolling in Congress. To seal the deal, a second meeting with Huey Long has been scheduled before the income tax bill is put up to a vote, one which represents our last chance to get Long on board.\n\nWith this in mind, the president must decide what he is willing to concede to Long in exchange for the votes necessary to pass the bill. The minimum demand Long can be expected to make is the incorporation of elements of the \"Share Our Wealth\" platform into the Fair Deal. While many of Long's ideas are economically unfeasible, elements such as a system of social security could fit in well with our program.\n\nAlternatively, perhaps Long could be convinced to join us in a more literal sense. Our current nominee for Attorney-General has not yet faced a vote in the Senate, so there is still time to offer the prestigious position to Long instead, a possibility that has been in the public imagination for months. Such an offer could well be enough to convince Long.\n\nFinally, there is the obvious but drastic option of offering support for a prospective second Long presidential campaign. Borah is an old man, and unlikely to run for a second term. The promise of an endorsement is likely to bring Long to our side no matter what, though if news of such a bargain leaked it could spell disaster for everything we have worked towards for the past month."
 united_states_crisis_events.65.a: "We will consider the Share Our Wealth platform, and adopt its best parts."
 united_states_crisis_events.65.b: "Perhaps a cabinet job will suit Long better than the Senate."
 united_states_crisis_events.65.c: "We know what he wants. Tell him Borah will endorse him in 1940."

 united_states_crisis_events.66.t: "Long-Borah \"Pact\" Leaked"
 united_states_crisis_events.66.d: "Just as it appeared that we had a deal with Long, disaster has struck. Somehow, through some act of subterfuge or other, Borah's offer of an endorsement for Long for president in 1940 has leaked to the press. Facing accusations of a \"corrupt bargain\", Long has been forced to deny these claims, severing any chances of seeing our prospective alliance through.\n\nThough the news has battered Long's alliance with his southern partners (who we have not been on good terms with lately), the alliance seems to be holding, with Long being forced by circumstance to direct his ire back at us. In any case, this represents a fatal blow to the project we have been working towards since day 1 of our administration."
 united_states_crisis_events.66.a: "We were so close..."

 united_states_crisis_events.67.t: "Long's Bloc Announces Full Backing of Fair Deal"
 united_states_crisis_events.67.d: "Today, in a public meeting in the White House, Senator Huey Long of Louisiana announced his support for President Borah's \"Fair Deal\". Proclaiming that the President is the right man to lead the country to recovery, Long praised Borah's efforts at bringing together a diverse array of political forces in the name of national recovery. In turn, the President thanked Long's efforts at building a coalition of reform-minded interests, both inside and outside of Congress, and stated his hope for a continuing partnership.\n\nMeanwhile, elsewhere in the nation's capital, southern senators gave the green light for the income tax bill to move past committee for a vote on the floor of the House, set to occur in the next week or so. With conservative opposition to the first part of the Fair Deal neutralised, it is expected that much of the rest of Borah's immediate legislative agenda will follow.\n\nThe success of our negotiations with Long comes as a great relief, both to the administration and the American people. With one faction of radicals placated and re-integrated into the political mainstream, only the Socialist Party remains outside the bounds of normal politics. Unfortunately, convincing them may be a far trickier task..."
 united_states_crisis_events.67.a: "We've made history."

 united_states_crisis_events.68.t: "Long Nominated As Attorney-General"
 united_states_crisis_events.68.d: "Today, in a public meeting in the White House, Senator Huey Long of Louisiana announced his support for President Borah's \"Fair Deal\". Proclaiming that the President is the right man to lead the country to recovery, Long praised Borah's efforts at bringing together a diverse array of political forces in the name of national recovery.\n\nThe president, in turn, announced that Long would be nominated for the position of Attorney-General, further cementing the budding alliance. Though Long's confirmation vote is expected to be hotly contested, and many liberals and conservatives object to the appointment of a known demagogue to such a high office, Long's appointment means a surefire solidification of the alliance between him and Borah.\n\nMeanwhile, elsewhere in the nation's capital, southern senators have reacted with scorn at the new partnership between Long and Borah. Long's abandonment of their interests has left them to the wayside, with little recourse other than to futilely obstruct the incoming wave of Fair Deal legislation. Though they will continue to be a thorn in our side, the splintering of their alliance with Long means that neither is an immediate threat any longer. Now, only the Socialist Party remains outside the bounds of normal politics. Unfortunately, convincing them may be a far trickier task..."
 united_states_crisis_events.68.a: "Back in the fold."

 united_states_crisis_events.69.t: "Southern Democrats Abandon Long"
 united_states_crisis_events.69.d: "Today, in a public meeting in the White House, several southern allies of Huey Long announced their support for President Borah's \"Fair Deal\". Though they emphasised their reservations surrounding issues of states' rights and overspending, they have agreed in principle that some modest measures are needed to revive the nation's economic fortunes. The president, in turn, thanked the group for their cooperation in the productive and insightful negotiations of the past month, emphasising his commitment to unity between all mainstream political forces.\n\nFor Huey Long however, the deal between Borah and the conservative wing of his coalition comes as a slap in the face. Long has vociferously denounced Borah's \"corrupt bargain\" with his former allies, and has called upon the Share Our Wealth movement to oppose Borah at every turn.\n\nEven without the support of southern conservatives, Long commands a strong nationwide presence. However, the withdrawal of support by those southern elements has seriously hampered Long's ability to challenge the government, and in the grand scheme of things he is now but a nuisance, rather than a serious threat to the republic. In that category, only the Socialist Party remains strong enough to challenge our power in such a way. Unfortunately, dealing with them may be a far trickier task..."
 united_states_crisis_events.69.a: "Divide and conquer."

 united_states_crisis_events.70.t: "Fair Deal Negotiations Fall Apart"
 united_states_crisis_events.70.d: "Though the negotiations of the past month initially seemed headed for success, for a variety of reasons our efforts failed to bear fruit. With several blunders we alienated and angered both elements within Long's faction, pushing them back into each other's arms and failing to bring them closer to our position. Ultimately, we have failed in our task of bringing Long and his supporters into the Fair Deal fold.\n\nThis has been confirmed outright by the opposition of both Long and his southern allies to the income tax bill, the first element of the Fair Deal platform. Though their criticisms oscillate between denouncing the bill as alternatively \"socialism\" and \"a half-measure\", without either Long or his conservative allies the bill is destined for a drawn out and painful death.\n\nIn any case, public confidence in Borah has plummeted since the Fair Deal's failure. The belief that this administration can fix the economy through legislation has evaporated into thin air, further radicalising the public and intensifying the present crisis of political violence."
 united_states_crisis_events.70.a: "We tried everything we could..."

 united_states_crisis_events.101.t: "Landon Proposes Business Relief"
 united_states_crisis_events.101.d: "The election of a new president provided a much needed reprieve for Wall Street. The moderate liberalism promised by Alf Landon's incoming administration fit the attitudes of traders well, as the markets rallied in the lame duck period and in the immediate aftermath of the inauguration. Such a limited bounceback relied on the promise of relief legislation however: without it, the markets have once again begun to waver.\n\nAs his first major initiative as president, Alf Landon has therefore promised a straightforward relief bill. Aimed at businesses of all sizes, the proposed “Federal Emergency Relief Act” aims to halt the growing wave of bankruptcies, and inject enough capital into businesses to end the slouch in unemployment. Though on its own it will not be enough to halt the depression, it is hoped that the bill, if passed, will at least stop the bleeding, and prevent a total economic collapse.\n\nResponses to the bill have been polarised. Both establishment parties have reacted favourably to the proposal: though conservatives and progressives have some reservations regarding its scope, it is generally regarded as a necessary and positive measure. The radicals in both chambers however have firmly denounced the bill as a handout to Wall Street, and both the SPA and Long have vowed to fight Landon on the issue.\n\nStuck in the middle are the moderate Farmer-Laborites, who have not yet staked a decisive position. Convincing them may be the key to ensuring a speedy passage of the bill."
 united_states_crisis_events.101.a: "As expected."

 united_states_crisis_events.102.t: "Liberal Democrats in Congress Announce Support"
 united_states_crisis_events.102.d: "President Landon has been the recipient of good news today, as several important liberal and progressive Democrats have announced their support for the president's proposed relief bill. Senator Robert Wagner of New York has pledged to support the president's efforts to provide emergency relief to employers across the nation, though he has maintained his hope for a more comprehensive legislative recovery program in the future.\n\nThe consolidation of a moderate liberal-progressive bloc including both Democrats and Republicans in Congress in support of Landon's agenda has been viewed as an important step for the new administration. This however has not been an unqualified success. Though mainstream liberals and progressives have drawn closer to the administration, conservatives have begun to waver in their support, running the risk of our coalition crumbling from within.\n\nAdditionally, both Long and the far-left have remained intransigent towards our administration. Long has again reiterated his opposition to a bill which funnels money to big businesses, and the Socialists have been as uncompromising as ever. It appears our struggles to pass this legislation have only begun."
 united_states_crisis_events.102.a: "It's a start at least."

 united_states_crisis_events.103.t: "Radical Farmer-Labor Members Demand Further Measures"
 united_states_crisis_events.103.d: "In a blow to our chances of passing the president's emergency relief bill, the mood in the Farmer-Labor caucus in Congress has shifted in a manner not to our advantage. In a letter signed by a dozen or so members of the House, the Farmer-Laborites criticised the relief bill's focus on business relief, and demanded legislation more geared towards workers and poor farmers before they would lend their support to large-scale business relief.\n\nThough the Socialist Party has been as intransigent as ever in the debate surrounding the president's recovery plan, it was hoped that we would be able to win over a substantial number of non-socialist Farmer-Laborites. With this shift to the left however, it appears that this will be more difficult than we anticipated.\n\nThe consequences of our setback surrounding Farmer-Labor have already reverberated in our own caucus: already, we have received concerned letters from several liberal and progressive congressmen within our own coalition requesting the inclusion of additional aid provisions, something which risks alienating the conservatives in our ranks. If we do not act quickly to rally our coalition in the face of this setback, our legislative efforts may falter."
 united_states_crisis_events.103.a: "This isn't good..."

 united_states_crisis_events.104.t: "Long Mocks Landon in Congress"
 united_states_crisis_events.104.d: "As expected, the response of Senator Huey Long to the president's recovery plan has not been positive. In the Senate this week, Long mocked the plan as a plain handout to big business, denouncing the provisioning of aid to Wall Street while the American people suffer in poverty. Once again promoting his “Share Our Wealth” plan as a superior alternative, Long has promised to leverage all of his support in Congress against the administration's plan.\n\nThough we had hoped to be rid of Long as a substantial political influence with his final defeat in the presidential election in January, Long's influence runs deeper than we had hoped would be the case. Far from strangling his movement in the crib, Long's coalition has merely become emboldened by the supposed “corrupt bargain” behind Landon's election.\n\nLong's remaining allies in Congress meanwhile have remained by his side, further complicating our efforts at building a coalition behind the relief bill. Long's alliance with the southern reactionaries has lasted longer than anticipated, cutting off the option of a coalition with the south, and Long's continuing ties to western progressives such as Burton K. Wheeler has made even the support of the congressional centre-left far from a sure thing."
 united_states_crisis_events.104.a: "Expected, but a bad sign."

 united_states_crisis_events.105.t: "Recovery Bill Fails"
 united_states_crisis_events.105.d: "The sense of hope surrounding the election of Alf Landon in January has been gradually dissipating over the course of the president's first weeks in office. Optimism both within establishment circles and among the American people that the new president would be able to turn a new leaf and lead the nation to recovery has been met with the harsh reality of a sharply polarised Congress and ever growing political violence, with intransigent radicals growing bolder by the day.\n\nThough it was hoped that the passage of the president's relief bill could break the stalemate which exists in the nation's capital today, any such optimism has been dashed by the emergence of a clear congressional majority against the bill. With moderate Farmer-Laborites joining the Socialists, Long, and southern conservatives in opposition to the bill, the possibility of Landon's moderate backers passing it on their own approaches zero.\n\nThe relief bill was widely viewed as the administration's main chance at a substantial victory in its first 100 days. With its death on the house floor, confidence in mainstream politics, after years of malaise, has begun to shatter entirely. What comes next is unclear, but as violence continues to consume the nation, nothing good will come of our failure."
 united_states_crisis_events.105.a: "The centre cannot hold..."

 united_states_crisis_events.106.t: "Rallying the Establishment"
 united_states_crisis_events.106.d: "With President Landon only having been elected a few weeks prior to his inauguration, he has not been afforded nearly the amount of time conventionally allocated to incoming presidents in the lame duck period to prepare to assume the highest office in the land. As such, the new administration has scrambled to gather allies in Congress to support its incoming legislative agenda.\n\nThe first item on that list is a comprehensive business relief package, dryly named the Federal Emergency Relief Act. Aiming to support businesses of all sizes to halt the bleeding in employment, it is a stopgap compromise designed to prevent a further collapse in economic conditions. Though we are confident that we can, in time, get it passed, we will need to bring not only our own Republican Party in line, but also the Democrats.\n\nWithout a unified establishment bloc, there is no hope of passing any legislation through such a divided Congress. The myriad Democratic factions each have conflicting reservations surrounding the proposed bill however: liberals and progressives are sceptical of aid to big businesses, while conservatives gawk at such a high price tag.\n\nIn order to bridge these gaps, it would be prudent to meet with one of the leading figures from each of these respective blocs. Our first choice of meeting, either with liberal Senator Robert F. Wagner, or conservative House Speaker John Nance Garner, will set much of the tone for negotiations surrounding the bill to come."
 united_states_crisis_events.106.a: "Focus on the Liberals, meet with Wagner."
 united_states_crisis_events.106.b: "Focus on the Conservatives, meet with Garner."

 united_states_crisis_events.107.t: "Meeting with Senator Wagner"
 united_states_crisis_events.107.d: "From the outset, it has been clear that the first priority of the Landon Administration must be to create a united bloc of establishment Democrats and Republicans, as a bulwark against radicals of both the left and right. With the growing prevalence of political violence and contempt for constitutional and democratic norms, unity of those forces still committed to the rule of law and good government is crucial if our republic is to survive this period of turmoil.\n\nToday, we have scored a breakthrough in negotiations with the Democratic contingent in Congress. Citing the need for an urgent improvement in economic conditions, Senator Robert F. Wagner has pledged his support for the president's legislative program in full, representing an important breakthrough in bringing other like-minded liberal Democrats on side.\n\nThough more conservative Democrats remain sceptical of the scale of the relief bill, the early breakthrough with one element of the party suggests that the Democrats as a whole are receptive to the needs of the moment."
 united_states_crisis_events.107.a: "A good sign to begin with."

 united_states_crisis_events.108.t: "Discussions with Speaker Garner"
 united_states_crisis_events.108.d: "From the outset, it has been clear that the first priority of the Landon Administration must be to create a united bloc of establishment Democrats and Republicans, as a bulwark against radicals of both the left and right. With the growing prevalence of political violence and contempt for constitutional and democratic norms, unity of those forces still committed to the rule of law and good government is crucial if our republic is to survive this period of turmoil.\n\nToday, we have scored a breakthrough in negotiations with the Democratic contingent in Congress. Citing the need for the immediate revitalisation of the economy, House Speaker John Nance Garner has pledged his support for the president's relief bill, promising to leverage his power as speaker to push the bill through the lower house.\n\nThough this was perhaps expected given that Ganer relies on GOP votes to retain his office, this is nevertheless a good sign that we will be able to assemble a coalition with the mainstream Democrats. With the support of the liberals expected in the coming days, it is hoped that we will be able to press the relief bill through in relatively short order."
 united_states_crisis_events.108.a: "Now to the hard part..."

 united_states_crisis_events.109.t: "Moderate Farmer-Labories Threaten To Split"
 united_states_crisis_events.109.d: "The rapid assembly of a coalition of establishment forces behind the president's proposed relief bill has sent waves across Washington. Though the Socialists and Long have, expectedly, denounced the bill, reception among the more moderate members of the Farmer-Labor Party in Congress has been more positive. Many members of the party outside of the SPA have always held reservations surrounding their alliance with the Socialists, and have now refused to align with them in their revolutionary intransigence.\n\nNow, members of both the Wisconsin Progressive Party and the North Dakota Nonpartisan League have approached the administration seeking a meeting with the president surrounding the relief proposal. On the one hand, this provides us an opportunity to decisively win over these groups to our program. However, this runs the risk of alienating the conservatives who we have won over so far. Thus, some administration officials have suggested a joint meeting of both these Farmer-Laborites and the other establishment parties, as an alternative to a meeting just with Farmer-Labor."
 united_states_crisis_events.109.a: "Flood through the opening."
 united_states_crisis_events.109.b: "Invite them to a joint meeting."

 united_states_crisis_events.110.t: "Conservatives Waver On Recovery Bill"
 united_states_crisis_events.110.d: "Our recent meeting with the moderate Farmer-Laborites in Congress on the topic of the proposed relief bill concluded positively. Our confidence that a sufficient number of Farmer-Laborites will defect to our side has increased substantially, as we have been able to win over several key members of their congressional caucus through minor concessions on farm relief and other topics.\n\nThough we are pleased by this outcome, the result of the meeting has resulted in blowback from the more conservative elements of our impromptu coalition. Conservative Democrats and Republicans have privately protested the increased price tag of the bill, with some threatening to recant their support if their concerns are not addressed.\n\nWhile House Speaker Garner has remained on our side for now, he has seconded many of these concerns to us, commenting that he cannot guarantee the integrity of the conservative element if the bill is put up for a vote. With the national situation deteriorating however, the president fears that the time for passage is now or never. Thus, we must decide whether to spend more time consolidating a coalition with Farmer-Labor, or to push ahead now, with all the risks that entails."
 united_states_crisis_events.110.a: "Press Garner for a compromise."
 united_states_crisis_events.110.b: "Push on with Farmer-Labor."

 united_states_crisis_events.111.t: "Counting the Numbers"
 united_states_crisis_events.111.d: "The inclusion of the moderate Farmer-Laborites in our most recent meeting with congressional representatives has introduced a new dimension to negotiations surrounding the relief bill. Though there was significant receptiveness to our proposed program among the Farmer-Laborites, there were also concerns that the bill did not include sufficient relief for farmers. While we made efforts to alleviate these concerns, the conservatives present in the discussion prevented us from issuing any large concessions to the left.\n\nRegardless, we are optimistic that the Farmer-Laborites will pull through in the end. Our meeting gave us confidence that they are acting in good faith, and now that they have entered into negotiations with us they have much to lose if they fail to help bring about relief. As things stand, our current congressional coalition may, just barely, have the necessary numbers in the house to push the bill through.\n\nGoing forward now however brings certain risks. Our support among the Farmer-Laborites is far from fully consolidated, and defections on our leftmost flank are expected. With the national situation deteriorating however, the president fears that the time for passage is now or never. Thus, we must decide whether to spend more time consolidating our coalition, or to push ahead now, with all the risks that entails."
 united_states_crisis_events.111.a: "Push ahead as is."
 united_states_crisis_events.111.b: "Hold off and wait."

 united_states_crisis_events.112.t: "Farmer-Labor Breaks For Landon"
 united_states_crisis_events.112.d: "After weeks of frenzied negotiations and speculation, the Landon Administration has achieved a key breakthrough in the process of passing our signature relief bill. Moderate members of the Farmer-Labor Party in Congress, namely the members of the North Dakota Nonpartisan League and the Wisconsin Progressive Party, have now publicly announced their support for the relief bill, signalling a turning of the tide in favour of the administration in Congress.\n\nThough the administration's efforts have been rewarded by the support of the Farmer-Laborites, we are not yet out of the woods. The bill remains stuck in committee, and though we are hopeful that we have the numbers on the floor of the House, we are not yet certain of its passage. Still, a win is a win, and the president hopes that, within the next month, a bill shoring up the jobs of millions of Americans will land on his desk.\n\nThe response of the intransigent radicals has been predictable. The Socialists have denounced the “betrayal” of their erstwhile Farmer-Labor comrades, who they fear may prove that reform remains the best option for American workers. Huey Long meanwhile accuses the administration of selling the nation to the socialists, and has leveraged both reactionary fears of a “socialist” government as well as populist anger towards a supposed handout to big business.\n\nIn any case, we can only hope that eventual relief will politically disarm these radicals."
 united_states_crisis_events.112.a: "Progress is progress."

 united_states_crisis_events.113.t: "Establishment Rallies Behind Recovery Bill"
 united_states_crisis_events.113.d: "After weeks of frenzied negotiations and speculation, the Landon Administration has achieved a key breakthrough in the process of passing our signature relief bill. Conservative members of both the Democratic and Republican parties, once teetering on the edge of defecting from the administration camp, have now publicly announced their support for the relief bill, signalling a turning of the tide in favour of the administration in Congress.\n\nThough the administration's efforts have been rewarded by the support of these conservatives, we are not yet out of the woods. The bill remains stuck in committee, and though we are hopeful that we have the numbers on the floor of the House, we are not yet certain of its passage. Still, a win is a win, and the president hopes that, within the next month, a bill shoring up the jobs of millions of Americans will land on his desk.\n\nThe response of the intransigent radicals has been predictable. Both the Socialists and Long have denounced the bill as a conservative half-measure and as a handout to big business. Long is scrambling to keep his southern allies from joining the tide of southern Democrats supporting our efforts, while the Socialists are attempting to peel off Farmer-Laborites dismayed at the substance of the bill, and the administration's closeness to conservative forces.\n\nStill, a win is a win, and the president hopes that the promise of relief soon to be on its way will politically disarm these radicals."
 united_states_crisis_events.113.a: "We'll hold our ground."

 united_states_crisis_events.114.t: "Federal Emergency Relief Act Passes"
 united_states_crisis_events.114.d: "The sense of hope surrounding the election of Alf Landon in January had been gradually dissipating over the course of the president's first weeks in office. Optimism both within establishment circles and among the American people that the new president would be able to turn a new leaf and lead the nation to recovery was at first met with the harsh reality of a sharply polarised Congress and ever growing political violence, with intransigent radicals growing bolder by the day.\n\nThough it appeared at many points to be a nearly doomed effort, the administration has soldiered on in its efforts to pass its signature relief bill. When a slim opportunity seemed to emerge for the bill to be put to a vote in the House, the administration pushed forward. Now it has been rewarded with victory, as the bill has passed both houses of Congress and landed on President Landon's desk, awaiting his signature.\n\nWith the administration achieving a major victory in spite of the odds in its first 100 days, the radicals have been left on the backfoot. Though both Long and the Socialists have denounced the plan as a conservative handout to big business, it is hoped that imminent business relief will help take the wind out of their sails. Though the situation across the nation remains tense and violent, hopefully our success at securing relief will help us lower the temperature somewhat."
 united_states_crisis_events.114.a: "We can only hope..."

 united_states_crisis_events.120.t: "The Crossroads Speech"
 united_states_crisis_events.120.d: "With growing political instability and violence at the forefront of voters' minds after the election, the president has chosen to make an address from the White House over the radio. Aware of the contentious nature of his election, as well as a perceived lack of legitimacy for the administration, he hopes that a decisive, unifying address will help firmly cement his status as the nation's leader.\n\nSuch a speech however is broader in concept than it will be in practice. As the central issue for most voters today, some combination of the depression and political radicalisation will need to be the topic of discussion. The tone of the speech however is the decisive detail: do we attempt to hold on to a sense of good-old American optimism in spite of grim economic forecasts, or do we attempt to reach out to the people through transparent frankness about the reality of life today?"
 united_states_crisis_events.120.a: "Try to keep things optimistic."
 united_states_crisis_events.120.b: "We need to tell the truth about the extremist danger."

 united_states_crisis_events.121.t: "Reed Lambasts the President"
 united_states_crisis_events.121.d: "Though the \"Crossroads Speech\" as it has been dubbed by the media, has been generally warmly received by the public, some ardent administration critics have not let the possibility of a unifying national moment cajole them into laying down their pitchforks. Congressman John Reed, the SPA leader who was re-elected with his largest margin yet last election, has denounced the president's speech as indicative of a lack of concern for the average working American, struggling to put food on the table every night.\n\nThough Reed's denunciations have not yet broken out of the Socialist Party's bubble, he has opportunely positioned himself as the primary opposition to the new president. As the president's honeymoon runs out, we may find ourselves looking down the barrel of a Socialist Party capable of mounting a real challenge for political preeminence."
 united_states_crisis_events.121.a: "Can't please everyone I suppose."

 united_states_crisis_events.122.t: "Long Denounces the President"
 united_states_crisis_events.122.d: "Though the \"Crossroads Speech\" as it has been dubbed by the media, has been generally warmly received by the public, some ardent administration critics have not let the possibility of a unifying national moment cajole them into laying down their pitchforks. Senator Huey Long specifically has taken great umbrage with the president's specific denunciation with the political violence of the Minutemen, declaring that it is the Socialists who are to blame for inciting this current wave of strife.\n\nThough Long remains at the fringe after his election loss for now, he has positioned himself well to soak up opposition to the new president. Once the current honeymoon period ends, we will be hard pressed to deal with Long's intransigence."
 united_states_crisis_events.122.a: "Once a donkey, always an ass."

 united_states_crisis_events.123.t: "Minutemen Kill Unionists in Southern Indiana"
 united_states_crisis_events.123.d: "The recent period of political strife has spread to even the most conservative parts of the midwest. Southern Indiana has been a regional bastion against socialism, even as much of the steel belt turns red. It appears a number of Minutemen have been violently determined to keep it that way, as a half dozen unionists were killed today on a railroad track.\n\nBoth the attack itself and the potential backlash it invites are gravely concerning to the administration. Coming so soon after the inauguration, it threatens to undermine our efforts to clamp down on the violence that has been afflicting our nation as of late. Nows, we must prepare for the blowback..."
 united_states_crisis_events.123.a: "More violence..."

 united_states_crisis_events.124.t: "Red Guards Seize Indiana Railroads"
 united_states_crisis_events.124.d: "Though we were prepared for some form of retaliation in response to the recent murder of unionists in southern Indiana, we have gravely underestimated the extent of that response. Today, a joint action by the CIO and IWW (already an almost unprecedented development), has seen the occupation of the site of the murders, as well as numerous key positions on railroads in southern Indiana.\n\nDemanding restitution for the murders and the expulsion of the Minutemen from the state, Their conflict with both the businessmen alleged to have employed the Minutemen as hired goons, as well as the state government, alleged to have enabled the Minutemen at every turn, threatens to turn even more violent. Already, several shooting incidents and injuries have been reported on the railroads, with more expected in the days to come."
 united_states_crisis_events.124.a: "More of this? Great."

 united_states_crisis_events.125.t: "MacArthur Demands Activation of War Plan White"
 united_states_crisis_events.125.d: "The recent seizure of key railroads in southern Indiana has prompted a surprise meeting between the president and army Chief of Staff General Douglas MacArthur. MacArthur, making clear the severity of a potential nationwide replication of the events in Indiana, briefed the president on War Plan White, a counterinsurgency plan developed by the army under the Smith Administration in order to manage any substantial domestic unrest.\n\nThough the president was in agreement with the necessity of having such a plan on hand, he was shocked by the general's suggestion that it be immediately implemented. Dismissing MacArthur's suggestion for the time being, the president has made clear that the application of military force on American citizens is an absolute last resort. MacArthur left the meeting with a poker face, telling the president that the situation would be resolved in due course."
 united_states_crisis_events.125.a: "An absolute last resort..."

 united_states_crisis_events.151.t: "Share Our Wealth Societies Attacked"
 united_states_crisis_events.151.d: "Though it was hoped by some that the election of President Long would begin to bridge the political divides that have thrown the nation into chaos, those hopes have proven to be short lived. Already, violent attacks by paramilitary or militia actors have continued to climb after the election, as socialists refuse to take Long's ascendency lying down, and Longists are determined to protect their recent gains.\n\nAmong the most notable instances of violence in the early days of the Long Administration have been a spate of attacks on Share Our Wealth clubs in northern, socialist-dominated cities. Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, and New York have all seen significant violent acts against the clubs, with the most recent attack in Chicago resulting in the death of two Share Our Wealth members.\n\nDetermined not to let such acts of violence against his supporters go unpunished, the president has ordered a federal investigation into these acts of violence. We have however run into the problem of generally uncooperative state and municipal authorities, unsympathetic to the president's politics."
 united_states_crisis_events.151.a: "The bastards!"

 united_states_crisis_events.152.t: "Minutemen Murder Striking Workers"
 united_states_crisis_events.152.d: "The most recent spate of political violence has devolved into a nationwide tit-for-tat. The recent attacks on Share Our Wealth members in northern cities have spurred on retaliatory action from the similarly Long-aligned Minutemen. Yesterday, a group of Minutemen in Gary, Indiana, attacked a number of striking workers with knives and even pistols, killing three and severely wounding two more.\n\nThough these strikers were members of the IWW's railroad union, the consequences of this attack have already reverberated beyond the most radical sections of the left. Reports of unionists, even from the CIO and even AFL, arming themselves similarly with everything from clubs to submachine guns has spurred fears of further violence, particularly of a revolutionary nature. Additionally, the violence complicates Long's project to reconcile the AFL and moderate element in the CIO to his movement, spurred on by the progressive element in his coalition."
 united_states_crisis_events.152.a: "More of this?"

 united_states_crisis_events.153.t: "Open Battle in Toledo"
 united_states_crisis_events.153.d: "The nationwide paramilitary tit-for-tat between Minutemen and strikers has further escalated. In Toledo, a Socialist stronghold, clashes between the two groups have escalated in scale and intensity for the past week. Though they originally started with clubs, metal bars, and knives, now the situation has escalated to an all-out shooting spree, as several clashes in the city have turned into shootouts.\n\nAlready, martial law has been declared in several northwestern Ohio counties, to prevent the violence from spreading. This has done little to alleviate the situation however, as federal forces have not yet arrived to shut off the bloodletting. Regardless, even once the violence quietens somewhat, the reports from Toledo have already inspired copycat acts of violence across the nation."
 united_states_crisis_events.153.a: "Everyone seems to love fighting these days..."

 united_states_crisis_events.154.t: "Executive Order 7010"
 united_states_crisis_events.154.d: "The restoration of order throughout the United States is one of President Long's first and foremost priorities upon taking office. Across the nation, under resourced and overwhelmed local police and militias have been unable to contain the flood of oftentimes violent labour agitation. Though the president supports the right to organise, the radical and socialist unionists have abused that right to promote criminal anarchy, and must be stopped by the means at hand.\n\nTo this end, the president wishes to sign an executive order that will give certain paramilitary organisations such as the Minutemen police powers under certain circumstances. This will undoubtedly be controversial, as socialists denounce any attempts to pacify violent strikers and the establishment decries it as a power grab.\n\nRegardless, we must decide on the specifics of this executive order. Though we could deputise all Minutemen nationwide as federal law enforcement, this would undoubtedly cause enormous uproar. Instead, a more moderate solution may be to, more symbolically, merely encourage local municipalities to deputise them in such a manner."
 united_states_crisis_events.154.a: "The Minutemen must be deputised nationwide."
 united_states_crisis_events.154.b: "The municipalities themselves can decide."

 united_states_crisis_events.155.t: "Establishment Liberals Denounce Long"
 united_states_crisis_events.155.d: "Our decision to deputise all Minutemen nationwide as federal law enforcement officers has faced rather steep blowback. Though the right has been cautiously optimistic about the plan, establishment liberals have fervently denounced the scheme, decrying it as nothing but a bare faced power grab by President Long.\n\nThough we would generally not be too concerned by the denunciations of members of the Washington establishment we have fought so fervently against, it is important to note that many of these concerns have come from the people who helped elect the president, and indeed from those within his own circle. Burton K. Wheeler for instance has personally expressed concern about the potential abuses of power enabled by the executive order."
 united_states_crisis_events.155.a: "I'm sure it'll be fine."

 united_states_crisis_events.156.t: "Socialists Arrested in Philadelphia"
 united_states_crisis_events.156.d: "As hoped, many municipalities have bought into our scheme to deputise the Minutemen as official law enforcement. Various conservative municipalities in both the north and south have taken to signing on the Minutemen as additional law enforcement, particularly those afflicted by radical and socialist agitation.\n\nThe largest and most notable example so far is that of Philadelphia. One of the largest northern cities outside of New England not controlled by the SPA, Philadelphia still remains under the control of the old conservative Penrose machine, which has endured the depression to guarantee a continuing GOP majority in the city, and indeed, the state.\n\nWith the Socialists gaining on the city establishment however, the Minutemen have been called in to set things straight. Already, numerous socialists have been arrested and charged with a variety of petty and not-so-petty crimes, hopefully clipping the wings of the SPA in the city."
 united_states_crisis_events.156.a: "I'm sure they're guilty."

 united_states_crisis_events.157.t: "Minutemen Assault IWW Gathering"
 united_states_crisis_events.157.d: "The recent deputisation of members of the Minutemen has instilled a new boldness in many of the organisation's chapters. Where they initially were faced with the threat of law enforcement, now they are capable of acting with more impunity in many areas, encouraging them to take bolder action against socialists, radical unionists, and other perceived enemies of the president.\n\nThe latest example of this has been a particularly violent Minutemen assault on an IWW gathering in Cincinnati. Though the clash resulted in the retreat of the unionists and only resulted in one death, it is emblematic of the result the deputisation program has brought.\n\nAs a result however, even CIO and AFL unionists are beginning to lose faith in the ability and willingness of the government to protect them, a development with many concerning implications."
 united_states_crisis_events.157.a: "It'll be fine."

 united_states_crisis_events.158.t: "Minutemen Hall in Chicago Burned Down"
 united_states_crisis_events.158.d: "The Minutemen's growing boldness has heralded a response from the opposing centre of non-government political violence in the country. Just last night, a medium-sized office building used by the Minutemen as a headquarters in Chicago was burned down in an arson attack. Though no one was killed, the assailants escaped, after also having burgled many of the local's files and records.\n\nIt appears as though the socialists, syndicalists, and anarchists which have rooted themselves in American society will not go down without a fight. Though the Minutemen have had several recent successes in their fight against criminal syndicalism, they will have to continue to be vigilant, and it remains to be seen if they are up to the task ahead of them."
 united_states_crisis_events.158.a: "Concerning."

 united_states_crisis_events.159.t: "Ohio Police Arrest Minutemen"
 united_states_crisis_events.159.d: "Our deputisation program has resulted in a newfangled conflict of authority in Ohio. Yesterday, Ohio police arrested a number of deputised minutemen on charges of conspiracy and sedition, alleging a plan to occupy the state capitol and overthrow the government of Farmer-Labor and Socialist Governor Sharts. Though the Minutemen legally had the authority of law enforcement officers, this was not enough to prevent their arrest.\n\nThe Ohio case is emblematic of other attempts by socialist-dominated state and local governments to subvert deputised Minutemen. Already, \"deputies\" have been arrested or otherwise neutralised by local police, or even deputised Red Guards or other socialist militias. Though the deputisation initiative has done much good for us, it appears to be reaching the limits of its utility."
 united_states_crisis_events.159.a: "It was good while it lasted."

 united_states_crisis_events.160.t: "Michigan National Guard Arrest Minutemen"
 united_states_crisis_events.160.d: "The backlash against the deputisation of the Minutemen continues in Michigan, as across the state the National Guard has moved to arrest large numbers of Minutemen, on charges of conspiracy and sedition, similar to the recent case in Ohio. The round of arrests in Michigan however have been far broader in scope, reaching across the state in a coordinated roundup effort.\n\nThough some attempted to resist arrest, including through violent means, the operation was overall successful. Presidential attempts to federalise the national guard have been rebuffed due to the ongoing crisis in the state, as the SPA consolidates its grasp on the crucial economic centre."
 united_states_crisis_events.160.a: "Damnit."

 united_states_crisis_events.161.t: "Ohio State Government Deputises Workers' Militia"
 united_states_crisis_events.161.d: "The arrest of several Minutemen in Ohio following allegations of an impending coup has not been the end of growing political violence in the state. Open battles between the Minutemen and their opponents have become commonplace, as local police become more and more incapable of stopping the tide of violence.\n\nIn response to the recent coup scare, Governor Sharts has authorised the deputisation of a number of workers' militias, formed by radical workers and unionists to defend the state government from “reactionary insurgency”. Though Columbus has fared relatively well through the depression due to its diversified economy, it has not been spared the upsurge in worker militancy that has spread across the north in the wake of Black Monday.\n\nWith both the militias and the Minutemen technically being deputised as law enforcement in many jurisdictions, the conflict between the two groups has reached an uglier phase. Both groups have attempted to arrest members and leaders of the others, often leading to gunfights. The resulting situation resembles a simmering civil war, as we attempt to use the minutemen to reign in a radical state government."
 united_states_crisis_events.161.a: "It's getting hotter and hotter."

 united_states_crisis_events.162.t: "Minutemen Retreat to Dearborn"
 united_states_crisis_events.162.d: "The recent takeover of Detroit by the Socialist-aligned National Guard has not been without significant pushback. The Minutemen presence in the city, having grown substantially over the past year in response to growing socialist militancy and agitation, attempted, though failed, to resist the SPA's total takeover of the city.\n\nHaving been pushed out of the city proper, the Minutemen have retreated to the reactionary suburb of Dearborn, a community largely insulated from the influence of the Socialist Party. There, they have begun to set up defences in preparation for an expected socialist onslaught, and have recuperated their numbers with local volunteers. Many locals have been recruited after hearing that the workers' militias include several African-Americans, a fact which has sent the whites-only community into a frenzy.\n\nThe city's expectation of an imminent attack by the Reds in Detroit seems to be well founded. Hoping to take over the entire state, reports abound that the workers' militia is preparing to take Dearborn by force, and expel the Minutemen from Michigan. Only time will tell if they will succeed."
 united_states_crisis_events.162.a: "Best of luck to the defenders."

 united_states_crisis_events.163.t: "Minuteman Coup in Ohio Fails"
 united_states_crisis_events.163.d: "Growing political violence in Ohio has reached a fever pitch today as the Minutemen have attempted to seize the state capital. After weeks of intermittent fighting between them and the emerging workers' militias, the Minutemen have been faced with the prospect of complete suppression by the state government, in spite of their status as deputised law enforcement.\n\nIn a last ditch attempt to overturn the state government, hundreds of Minutemen marched in Columbus, attempting to seize key state institutions such as the state capitol. In most cases however, they were repelled by militias loyal to the Farmer-Labor/Socialist state government, and after failing in several key objectives they have been forced to retreat on pain of immediate arrest.\n\nIn the aftermath of the attempted coup, an emergency session of the Ohio state legislature was held, in which both houses voted to grant Governor Sharts emergency powers to combat “Minutemen terrorists”, and ensure the security of the government of Ohio. Taken under the watch of the workers' militias now occupying the state capitol, the vote was boycotted by all non-Farmer-Labor or Socialist members, who denounced the “naked intimidation” of the Governor's actions. Though the governor, a relative moderate in his party, was reluctant to seize power so blatently, Attorney-General John Marshall has been noted as applying a leftward pressure within the administration, with many regarding him as the power behind the throne. In any case, this represents a key victory for the governor, as, in effect, the Socialists have taken full control of the security of the state."
 united_states_crisis_events.163.a: "Another domino falls."

 united_states_crisis_events.164.t: "Impeachment Proceedings Begin"
 united_states_crisis_events.164.d: "For weeks now, the nation has been gripped by the turmoil in the midwest which has followed the president's executive order deputising the Minutemen. Though the order was always expected to cause blowback, the violence unleashed by the president's actions has been well beyond what was expected, as the Minutemen have acted with impunity when granted the powers of law enforcement and local forces have pressed back with open displays of force.\n\nWith the executive order having always been of dubious legality, the expected pushback has occurred. Today, articles of impeachment were introduced by Socialist Congressman Vito Marcantonio, accusing President Long of abusing his powers. Though we would not normally be worried about articles of impeachment introduced by a Socialist, many even in the mainstream parties have now indicated their willingness to seriously consider impeachment.\n\nThis is of course just the latest in a long line of actions by the establishment intended to stop the president in his tracks. Despite the growing opposition in Congress, we have every intention of fighting to the last to hold on to the power to which the president was duly elected."
 united_states_crisis_events.164.a: "Bring it on."

 united_states_crisis_events.165.t: "The President Speaks"
 united_states_crisis_events.165.d: "President Long was elected by a broad coalition of elements dissatisfied with the status quo, and equally opposed to the menace of socialism. Western and southern farmers, small business owners, and anti-socialist workers have all combined to bring Long into the White House. Squeezed between conventional big business capitalism and radical socialism, They have, in Long's view, appointed him as their tribune to stand up to established interests and forge an economy that works for all.\n\nOn his first day in office therefore, President Long has chosen to give an address over the radio emphasizing his immediate aims in terms of economic policy. For too long, the fat cats of Wall Street have run roughshod over farmers and working people through predatory banking practices. Long therefore has demanded that Congress pass Father Charles Coughlin's proposed banking reform, which will create a Bank of the United States of America under the control of elected officers.\n\nPredictably, there have been immediate objections to this proposed reform. Though Al Smith also pursued banking reform in his first term, none of the measures implemented then are as radical as this. Additionally, there have been concerns surrounding the constitutionality of the plan. Nevertheless, the president has defended the plan as having neither of the primary drawbacks of a private or “political” banking system.\n\nIn any case, a protracted battle surrounding the bill in Congress is expected in the coming months."
 united_states_crisis_events.165.a: "Purely superficial objections..."

 united_states_crisis_events.166.t: "Banking Bill Faces Steep Obstacles"
 united_states_crisis_events.166.d: "Our efforts to make the Nye-Sweeney Banking Bill the centrepiece of our domestic agenda has been received warmly by our base. Already, the administration has been inundated with thankful letters from supportive farmers, who expect a democratised banking system to be friendlier to their needs and interests. In Washington however, it has gone over slightly less smoothly: many groups opposed to us in Congress have voiced their skepticism, and as things stand it appears unlikely that the bill will pass in its current form.\n\nCompromise will likely be needed in order to allow us any hope of passing the bill. The most simple and obvious proposal for compromise would be to simply water down the bill and make the recommendations of the elected directors advisory, as well as removing provisions requiring local banks have 100 percent of demand deposits in reserve. Though this would be a substantial reduction in its scope, it is likely to pass through Congress and give us an early victory. Additionally, when our position is more secure, we could make further reforms to add power to an already established institution.\n\nAlternatively, we could try to again levy the support of the large northern businesses who we were in a surprising marriage with during the campaign. Though european-style state corporatism has previously been anathema to the president, granting corporate representation on the board of directors (which we may try to remove later) could help us get buy-in from capital.\n\nFinally, the more uncompromising and unscrupulous members of our administration have recalled the old tactics we used back in Louisiana. As Governor, Long was not above...lubricating the opposition with pork to get his bills passed. Though we should be wary of treating D.C. as an enlarged Baton Rouge, perhaps the same principle can be applied?"
 united_states_crisis_events.166.a: "We can cool some heads by moderating the bill's more radical notions."
 united_states_crisis_events.166.b: "Much as we disdain corporate power, we have to negotiate with the beast."
 united_states_crisis_events.166.c: "Back in Louisiana, we weren't afraid to grease up a little pork..."

 united_states_crisis_events.167.t: "The Banking and Monetary Control Act Passes"
 united_states_crisis_events.167.d: "Our compromise regarding the banking bill has had its intended effect. Congressional moderates, satisfied that the bill does not substantially violate the rights of the existing stakeholders in America's banks, gave their tepid support to the president's proposal, giving us a significant legislative win in the first weeks of the administration.\n\nThough the proposal is a significantly watered down version of Father Coughlin's original plan, we still find cause for celebration. The interests of the American people will now be seen and heard in the halls of the highest financial decision making in this country, a stark change of pace from the smoke-filled rooms of Wall Street.\n\nNevertheless, our victory is not absolute. The new elected banking board is sorely lacking in teeth. In time, we aim to grant it stronger powers of enforcement, however for now we will have to temper the expectations of our supporters, who demand an immediate transformation in our country's financial system which is not possible at this moment."
 united_states_crisis_events.167.a: "A win is a win."

 united_states_crisis_events.168.t: "The Banking and Monetary Control Act Passes"
 united_states_crisis_events.168.d: "Our compromise regarding the banking bill has had its intended effect. Congressional moderates, satisfied that the bill does not substantially violate the rights of the existing stakeholders in America's banks, gave their tepid support to the president's proposal, giving us a significant legislative win in the first weeks of the administration.\n\nThough the proposal is a significantly altered version of Father Coughlin's original plan, we still find cause for celebration. The interests of the American people will now be seen and heard in the halls of the highest financial decision making in this country, a stark change of pace from the smoke-filled rooms of Wall Street.\n\nNevertheless, our victory is not absolute. The new elected banking board is note solely comprised of representatives of the American people. Instead, it also includes representatives from business, an even the stakeholders of the banks themselves. Though we have inserted the interests of the people into banking governance, for now we will have to temper the expectations of our supporters, who demand an immediate transformation in our country's financial system which is not possible at this moment."
 united_states_crisis_events.168.a: "A win is a win."

 united_states_crisis_events.169.t: "Socialists Riddicule Banking Reform"
 united_states_crisis_events.169.d: "As expected, our reforms to the banking system in the United States have generated a wide array of opposition. Though initially Congressional conservatives were up in arms about the Nye-Sweeney Act, our accommodations towards their concerns have somewhat quietened their criticisms. Where they have gone quiet however, the Socialist Party has grown louder, raining on our hoped for honeymoon.\n\nThe Socialists have mocked and ridiculed our accomplishment. Denouncing the Nye-Sweeney Act as a powerless sham, they have emphasised the continued role of private interests in the banking system to denounce Long as just another puppet of big business. They have instead demanded that the banking system immediately be nationalised and centralised without compensation, vowing to crush the capitalists who have had their boots on the necks of the workers and farmers.\n\nThe Socialists' response has elicited a divided reaction. Some of the Farmer-Laborites who at one point or another supported Long have been won over by the view of the SPA. On the other hand, their intransigence and radicalism has further pushed certain northern industrialists into our camp, now viewing us and our willingness to compromise as a viable and acceptable alternative to revolution.\n\nIn any case, it appears our brief honeymoon with the broader public will soon come to a close. Now we must consolidate and maintain our strength for the battles to come."
 united_states_crisis_events.169.a: "They can cry all they want."

 united_states_crisis_events.170.t: "Bankers Dismiss Board Recommendations"
 united_states_crisis_events.170.d: "We had initially hoped that the establishment of an elected Board of Directors, even if its powers were only to give recommendations, would rein in the banking system in this country, and align it better with the needs and interests of the people. Though the current members of the board have only been provisionally appointed, we hoped that their bully pulpit would compensate for their lack of formal authority.\n\nUnfortunately however, the large banks have instead elected to ignore some of the first recommendations of the board. Though the board has recommended a freeze on farm foreclosures, this has gone largely ignored by the big banks, giving us a significant black eye.\n\nNow, having failed a key promise to many farmers, the words of the SPA are becoming more appealing by the day. As radicalism across the country grows, we will need to more directly confront the vested interests strangling the common folk of this country."
 united_states_crisis_events.170.a: "Don't they know what they're doing?"

 united_states_crisis_events.171.t: "Bank of the USA Board of Directors Meets"
 united_states_crisis_events.171.d: "With the passage of the Nye-Sweeney Act, a provisional Board of Directors for the new Bank of the United States of America has been hastily assembled. With the demand for banking reform coming from our base a key rallying point in last year's campaign, President Long has been determined to be seen as delivering on one of his key promises. Though the elected element of the board has not yet been properly elected, Long has provisionally filled the vacancies with officials loyal to him, and amicable to the goals of the reform program.\n\nThe corporate section of the board however has been somewhat more reluctant to go ahead fully with any disruptive measures. A freeze on farm foreclosures was tabled for now, representing a setback for many Long-supporting farmers. Nevertheless, the president remains optimistic that the new national bank will facilitate a return of monetary power to the people, in due course."
 united_states_crisis_events.171.a: "You don't get everything instantly."

 united_states_crisis_events.172.t: "Farmers Seize Rural Banks"
 united_states_crisis_events.172.d: "Though we were successful in passing the Nye-Sweeney Act in the first weeks of the new administration, the compromises we made in doing so have ruffled more than a few feathers among our base. The news that there would not be an effective freeze on farm foreclosures in particular sent many small and poorer farmers into a frenzy. Having voted for Long to put an end to usury and financial exploitation, they have increasingly seen the need to take matters into their own hands.\n\nThough rural unrest and attacks on banks occurred relatively frequently last year, the past week has seen an unprecedented wave of seizures of rural banks by farm militants in the Great Plains and elsewhere. Demanding the full implementation of Father Coughlin's banking program, the decentralised movement has engaged in several serious acts of violence against bank management, including several cases of murder.\n\nThough this movement is broadly aligned with our aims (many farmers within it have reiterated their support for President Long), it represents a potentially dangerous militant tendency that may endanger our fragile political coalition. We will have to tread carefully in dealing with it."
 united_states_crisis_events.172.a: "Concerning."

 united_states_crisis_events.173.t: "Division in the Long Movement"
 united_states_crisis_events.173.d: "The newest wave of rural bank seizures has now continued unabated for weeks. Increasing both in frequency and intensity, many bankers in rural communities have sheltered in their homes, for fear of growing lynch mobs which have gathered to impose a primitive “justice” for foreclosures and usury. For some, even this has not been enough: bank officials have been attacked and even killed in their own homes.\n\nThough the bank seizures themselves had increased tensions within our coalition, the recent outbursts of violence, often in the president's name, have taken things to the breaking point. The conservative elements of Long's coalition, including both southern Democrats and northern industrial interests, have now called on the president to denounce the bank seizures. The most recent figure of significance to meet with Long on the issue has been Henry Ford, a surprising financial backer of last year's campaign who has now asked the president to reaffirm his commitment to bank property.\n\nOn the other side of the Long camp however, figures such as Father Charles Coughlin have asked the president to remain silent on the issue. Denouncing the seizures could, in their view, demoralise our supporters, and lose us valuable political momentum. Either way, we will have to consider the value of alienating one portion of our coalition over another..."
 united_states_crisis_events.173.a: "Coughlin has it on the money, we need to keep the momentum up."
 united_states_crisis_events.173.b: "Ford's right, we can't be acting like syndicalists here."

 united_states_crisis_events.174.t: "Southern Conservatives Denounce Long"
 united_states_crisis_events.174.d: "With violent bank seizures continuing and even expanding across the nation, President Long's silence on the issue has been deafening. Having come to view the militant farmers' movement as a component of his own coalition, the president has thus far refused to condemn their actions or violent methods, instead continuing to focus on his proposals for banking reform. As the feeling both in Congress and the business sphere becomes more and more antagonistic both to Long and the farmers however, pressure is mounting from within Long's own house.\n\nToday, several conservative congressional southern Democrats aligned with Long have signed a letter denouncing the administration's inaction on the issue. Though it stops short of holding the president responsible for the rise in violence, it does state that order and public tranquility must come before any future banking reform.\n\nThis breakage with the southern conservatives is undoubtedly concerning, however the president is confident that it will not last. In any case, we have, for better or worse, implicitly confirmed that our sympathies lie with the farmers, rather than with the business puppets in Washington."
 united_states_crisis_events.174.a: "We have the people on our side."

 united_states_crisis_events.175.t: "Long Denounces Violent Bank Seizures"
 united_states_crisis_events.175.d: "With violent bank seizures continuing and even expanding across the nation, President Long has finally been compelled to make a decisive public statement on the matter. In a speech broadcast on the radio across the nation, Long first acknowledged the legitimate grievances of many Americans against the banking system. However, he also denounced acts of violence and asserted that only peaceable reform could bring about social and economic justice.\n\nThe reaction to the president's speech has been mixed, but swift in all cases. Members of Congress, including those of the establishment parties usually opposed to Long, have praised the speech as befitting a national leader. Conservative and business members of Long's own coalition have similarly been reassured of Long's continuing commitment to protecting private property.\n\nThe farmers however have had more mixed feelings towards the speech. With many having considered themselves as loyal supporters of Long, some have felt betrayed or abandoned by the president's explicit denunciation of their methods. Though we have certainly cooled heads in Washington, one wonders whether we may have alienated the most important part of our coalition."
 united_states_crisis_events.175.a: "If we don't have the law, we don't have a country."

 united_states_crisis_events.176.t: "Corruption on Capitol Hill"
 united_states_crisis_events.176.d: "Our determination to pass an unaltered version of the Nye-Sweeney Bill has led us down a less than scrupulous road. In Louisiana, corruption is a fact of life. Bribes are a part of the political process, which, while not necessarily accepted, has characterised much of the state's patronage system both before and under Long.\n\nIt has not taken the president very long to discover the folly of treating Washington like Baton Rouge however. Our attempt to “lubricate” opposition to the Nye-Sweeney Bill has exploded onto the front pages of every paper of record in the country. Several members of Congress have reported being offered patronage appointments or even bribses for their support for the bill, including several whom we had considered generally amicable to our political project. Others have reported being threatened, and essentially held to ransom for their votes through patronage.\n\nThe backlash has been swift. Numerous members of Congress and the media have denounced the president and the administration, specifically the “infection of Louisiana graft” in the halls of the national capitol. What we had hoped would be a strong start has now turned into an unprecedented debacle, as we now must turn to damage control."
 united_states_crisis_events.176.a: "Shit."

 united_states_crisis_events.177.t: "Congressional Uproar"
 united_states_crisis_events.177.d: "The growing fire in Congress over our attempts to illicitly gather support for the Nye-Sweeney Bill has proven difficult to contain, let alone put out. The establishment conservatives of both parties, previously dejected by Long's victory in January. Have been galvanised and energised by this early misstep by the administration. Today, they have delivered a letter cosigned by several dozen House and Senate members calling for impeachment proceedings to begin, to determine the extent of the president's role in the scandal.\n\nMost concerning of all has been the presence of several liberal and progressive names on the list of signatures. Farmer-Laborites and progressive Democrats who were key to our victory have now begun to quickly turn on us, accusing Long of bringing Louisiana's corruption to the sacred halls of Congress. With the Socialists obviously always opposed to our administration, the defection of the centre-left has all but destroyed our prospect at holding together an anti-socialist reformist majority in Congress.\n\nThe prospect of impeachment is cause for more immediate concern however. Though no president has ever been caught up in such a scandal so early into their term, recent months have seen many conventions trod over as the national situation radicalises. Soon, we may find ourselves defending the president from removal from office."
 united_states_crisis_events.177.a: "This is a mess."

 united_states_crisis_events.178.t: "Secretary of State Borah Resigns"
 united_states_crisis_events.178.d: "The appointment of Republican stalwart William Borah as Secretary of State was an important olive branch to the political establishment in the days immediately after Long's election. Though Borah is a famous maverick, his well respected reputation and comparative normality as opposed to the president endeared the voice to the Senate, which easily voted to confirm him.\n\nHis maverick nature which made him acceptable both to Long and the Senate have now backfired on us however. As the president's role in the corruption scandal becomes ever clearer, Borah has distanced himself further and further from the administration. Now, he has publicly announced his resignation, denouncing the corruption and graft that has quickly become endemic in the Long Administration.\n\nInitially, the establishment had hoped that Borah would act as a stabilising agent in Long's administration. Now however, he serves their interests in a different way. Borah's resignation has been a serious blow to the standing of the administration, and has emboldened anti-Long progressives to more clearly stand against the president. As time goes on, our situation becomes more and more precarious."
 united_states_crisis_events.178.a: "Him too?"

 united_states_crisis_events.179.t: "Congress Begins Impeachment Proceedings"
 united_states_crisis_events.179.d: "The past few weeks have seen resignations, congressional defections, and other substantial setbacks for our administration. The blowback from the congressional corruption scandal has been far harsher than we could have possibly imagined, as the dubious methods of Louisiana have been shown to be anathema to the “respectable” establishment (even if Washington wasn't exactly clean even before we arrived).\n\nToday, this has culminated in what we should probably have expected as a likely outcome. Republican Congressman Robert A. Taft of Ohio has introduced articles of impeachment against President Long. Cosponsored by over a dozen fellow congressmen from both major parties and Farmer-Labor, impeachment has been received favourably by House Speaker John Nance Garner, who, after a brief partnership with Long in January to gain re-election to his post, has now returned to his previous intransigent opposition to Long over the scandal.\n\nThe threat of impeachment obviously warrants a clear response from our end. Many within the administration have advocated that we apply pressure on our remaining congressional allies to try and slow the process and gain more time. An alternative view however holds that this may result in yet more blowback against us, and that simply supporting ourselves publicly is the best course of action."
 united_states_crisis_events.179.a: "We need to push back on this nonsense."
 united_states_crisis_events.179.b: "Maybe we need to pull ourselves out of the congressional grinder."

 united_states_crisis_events.180.t: "Impeachment Brought Forward"
 united_states_crisis_events.180.d: "Our latest efforts to stave off impeachment have seemingly backfired. In a press conference today, House Speaker John Nance Garner has committed to bringing the impeachment resolution introduced by Congressman Taft to a vote within the next fortnight. With momentum and congressional support at their back, it appears likely that the resolution will succeed, and the impeachment resolution will move forward to the House Judiciary Committee.\n\nIt appears that our attempts to rally our supporters in Congress against impeachment have, rather than helping our position, instead worsened it. Some of our supporters, put off by our fairly blatant pandering, have been reluctant to come to our aid. Our opponents on the other hand have been emboldened by seeing our efforts be rebuffed. With pressure mounting on Garner to take the opportunity to push hard for impeachment, it has quickly become a question of “when” rather than “if” impeachment will go ahead.\n\nAt this rate, it is quite probable that articles of impeachment will pass in the house. As things stand, the divided nature of Congress makes determining our position in the senate rather difficult. Though a 2/3rds majority is needed in the Senate for conviction and removal, the establishment parties have a strong stranglehold on the body. If they vote in lockstep, we may well lose."
 united_states_crisis_events.180.a: "So much for that..."

 united_states_crisis_events.181.t: "More Cabinet Members Resign"
 united_states_crisis_events.181.d: "The growing calls for impeachment in Washington haven't just been coming from Congress. Within our own camp, disaffection with Long has grown far more quickly than expected. Among appointees not personally loyal to Long or his political project, particularly those liberal or progressive Democrats who supported him as a reform candidate, discontent has turned into a slew of resignations, as government officials protest against the now well-established corruption of the Long Administration.\n\nThough impeachment does not seem to have progressed substantially compared to last week, our internal troubles have meant that the tides against our administration have not let up yet. House Speaker John Nance Garner has confirmed that he will bring Congressman Taft's impeachment resolution to a vote in due course, and it is likely that there is little we can do to stop it from passing.\n\nEven disaster has the ability to bring opportunity however. While we were initially pressured to appoint moderates and establishment-friendly candidates to important government positions, the resignation of many of these early appointees has allowed for the ascension of loyalist deputies or new pro-Long appointees (at least in positions that don't require Senate confirmation). This has had the effect of strengthening our influence over the federal bureaucracy, something which is no small gain at all."
 united_states_crisis_events.181.a: "People come, people go."

 united_states_crisis_events.182.t: "The Farmers' Revolt"
 united_states_crisis_events.182.d: "Impeachment has quickly become a very popular buzzword in Washington. President Long has never been a popular figure in the nation's capital, being regarded as a conniving, dishonest, provincial populist. The corruption scandal was hardly unexpected on Capitol Hill: it fit every preconceived notion of who and what Long was to a tee, and as such the establishment jumped on the impeachment bandwagon in an instant, wanting to finally be rid of the troublesome president.\n\nInstead, Long has always found his friends among the people. Poorer farmers joined Long's campaign in droves, and cheered his victory as the salvation of the common folk of America. Now with their president under attack by the elite, city-dwelling establishment which has always kept them down, they have become determined to show the true will of the people.\n\nRural militias associated with but not necessarily part of the Minutemen have engaged in a growing series of bank seizures and displays of force against federal authorities. Proclaiming their support for President Long, these farm militias have demanded that Congress halt the impeachment process and pass the president's proposed banking reforms. Several of these militias have gotten into firefights with state militias, or even national guards, as rural unrest grows along with political extremist action in both the north and south.\n\nThough these militias are hardly a threat to government authority, they serve as a reminder that Long still has allies willing to fight for him. Though Congress appears undeterred for now, we would do well to keep tabs on these militias and see how they may be used in future..."
 united_states_crisis_events.182.a: "We have the people, if nothing else."

 united_states_crisis_events.201.t: "Government Paralysis"
 united_states_crisis_events.201.d: "The continuing failure of Congress to elect a president has placed the nation in an unprecedented situation. For the first time since 1789, the office of President of the United States has become vacant, with no permanent successor to Al Smith in sight.\n\nAs the house has yet again failed to elect a speaker, Secretary of State Cordell Hull has taken to fulfilling the duties of the presidency. Signing official documents as the Acting President of the United States, Hull's decision not to resign with Smith's departure as is standard protocol, and to instead stay on to maintain continuity of government has maintained some small semblance of normality in Washington.\n\nThough he has been praised by his fellow Democrats, members of other parties have taken a more cynical view, with some even accusing the Democrats of prolonging the election so as to maintain power under Hull (since it is legally impossible for a Democrat to be elected president in the house). Though this dissent has not resulted in any significant violence as of yet, many state governments have thus far refused to acknowledge the acting president's authority, setting the stage for a dangerous confrontation between the states and a headless federal government."
 united_states_crisis_events.201.a: "Can't people be reasonable here?"

 united_states_crisis_events.202.t: "Long Denounces Congress"
 united_states_crisis_events.202.d: "It has not taken long for the anti-establishment political forces to comment on the current situation in Washington. Though both Long and the Socialists bear central responsibility for the continuing failure of the House to elect a president, they have nonetheless been able to readily reap the rewards of congressional deadlock, as America's political class seems incapable of governing.\n\nThis week, it appears that Long has taken the spotlight. In the Senate (now the only vaguely functional chamber of Congress), Long has vociferously denounced Hull as a usurper, attacking the “unconstitutional assault on the American people” which he claims Hull is at the head of.\n\nHull and Long have long been at odds, as Hull's establishment-oriented liberalism conflicts with Long's radical populism. Notably, in response to Long's common denunciations of Congress, Hull once suggested that, after a mob had hanged the other “damned scoundrels” in the Senate, as Long suggested they would, Long should complete the justice by hanging himself.\n\nWhile this latest conflict is therefore unsurprising, what is concerning is the degree to which the general public agrees with Long. The Hull “administration” remains utterly bereft of legitimacy, and as the days go by more and more public figures have called for Hull to step down, even in the absence of an alternative."
 united_states_crisis_events.202.a: "Who else is there?"

 united_states_crisis_events.203.t: "Midwestern State Governments Assume Authority"
 united_states_crisis_events.203.d: "Since January 20th, numerous state governments across the country have refused to recognise Cordell Hull as the acting president. In spite of the lack of any legitimate alternative pole of power in the country, state governments aligned with Huey Long and the SPA have not acknowledged any executive orders or decisions signed by Acting President Hull. Instead, they have administratively almost cut themselves off from the federal government, and have even begun to give orders and directives to federal employees in their respective states in spite of their lack of legal authority over them.\n\nThe most notable instance of this has been in the aftermath of the growing steelworkers' strike in eastern Ohio. The situation has quickly grown incredibly violent, as open gunfights between Minutemen, Red Guards, and other militias have left over a dozen dead in the past week. Federal attempts to force the National Guard to intervene have gone unheeded however, as the National Guard in Ohio refuses to acknowledge Hull's legitimacy. Instead, the Socialist governor has ordered the guard to suppress the Minutemen, which they have begun to do.\n\nOur failure to control the National Guard is a substantial blow to our authority. Already, other state governments, particularly in the midwest, are taking more autonomous action either against or in support of striking workers in labour conflicts. As federal authority further diminishes, we have little expectation that the violence which is sweeping the nation will abate any time soon."
 united_states_crisis_events.203.a: "This can't go on forever."

 united_states_crisis_events.204.t: "Detroit Commune Forms"
 united_states_crisis_events.204.d: "The spate of labour-related violence this week has culminated in Detroit. Michigan, under a particularly radical Socialist Party administration since 1935, has for years been a hotbed for labour violence. With the federal government unable to control the National Guard however, the state government has finally seen a chance to strike against their political opponents.\n\nIn a joint assault of the National Guard and the paramilitary Red Guards, the Minutemen and other anti-union militias were routed from key areas in the city. Spontaneous attacks on key strategic points secured the city for the Socialist Party, the CIO, and the IWW, who now have total control over the city.\n\nThe political situation in the city having suddenly radicalised from even its previous Socialist-dominated state, the new state of affairs has been formalised with the formation of the Detroit Commune. A new government based on the model of the French communes has been installed with the backing of the state government under the Renner Administration, now totally bereft of non-socialist influence.\n\nThe suddenness of this takeover has shaken the federal government to its core. With one of the most important states in the union being taken over by an openly revolutionary force, the calls for action from Washington have grown to a crescendo. Our impotence to heed them has all but shattered any remaining confidence in Hull's position, as southern and western state governments mobilise their own National Guards on their own accord to protect their own interests."
 united_states_crisis_events.204.a: "Something has to give."

 united_states_crisis_events.205.t: "War Plan White Activated"
 united_states_crisis_events.205.d: "Over the past few weeks, it has become abundantly clear that Acting President Hull's caretaker administration is incapable of restoring order to the country. The federal government has all but lost control completely in both the midwest and deep south, as state governments loyal either to the Socialist Party or Huey Long assert control over federal employees and National Guard units. The continuing failure of Congress to elect either a speaker or a president has sent the federal government's position into a death spiral, as Hull's legitimacy falls further and further.\n\nWith the writing on the wall, Acting President Hull has reluctantly heeded the advice of General Douglas MacArthur. War Plan White, the military counterinsurgency plan intended for an eruption of overwhelming domestic unrest, has been activated, with some modifications.\n\nAdditionally, Hull has chosen to step down as acting president in favour of MacArthur: he has appointed MacArthur as Secretary of State and conditioned his own resignation from that post on his successor's confirmation. The Senate, increasingly dominated by conservative voices, approved MacArthur's appointment, making him acting president.\n\nFew have any illusions about MacArthur's new role. Open conflict between the federal government and radical political forces is now inevitable. Now, all we can do is brace ourselves for the coming storm."
 united_states_crisis_events.205.a: "The die is cast."

 united_states_crisis_events.210.t: "Lynchings in Georgia"
 united_states_crisis_events.210.d: "The American south is no stranger to political violence. In the aftermath of the American Civil War, white “redeemers” used physical force and intimidation to strip power from African-American electorates and restore white rule after Reconstruction. Racial terror campaigns became a key method of establishing Jim Crow, as incidents such as the Wilmington Massacre stripped all remaining political power from African-Americans in the south, rendering them a permanently disenfranchised underclass.\n\nThe recent wave of political violence nationwide has taken this particularly ugly form in the south. Reports have now come in of a mass lynching of a half dozen organisers for the Sharecroppers Union, a labour organisation supported by the Afro-American Committee of the Socialist Party. Governor Talmadge, an infamous white supremacist aligned with Huey Long, has vocally supported the attack on the unionists, as several similar incidents of violence have followed.\n\nThough the Socialist Party's civil rights plank is weaker than many of its Black members wish, it has still vociferously denounced this most recent incident. Though the party is not in much of a position to retaliate, several civil rights groups, such as the Afro-American Unity Congress (often regarded as an SPA front), have grown closer to the party's own increasingly confrontational and violent methods, as the federal government fails to enforce the 1935 anti-lynching law."
 united_states_crisis_events.210.a: "Things don't seem to be getting better..."

 united_states_crisis_events.211.t: "Red Guards Coup Wisconsin Government"
 united_states_crisis_events.211.d: "The growing wave of political violence that has gripped the nation has now reached Wisconsin. Though the Badger State has been controlled by a relatively moderate Farmer-Labor coalition (including the local Wisconsin Progressive Party and the SDF) for some time now, the Red Guards and a radicalised local SPA have had substantial influence for some time.\n\nHaving grown increasingly dissatisfied with Governor Philip La Follette, and his perceived closeness to anti-socialist Republicans, the Red Guards have chosen to act to secure the state for the SPA. In a cleanly coordinated operation, the Red Guards seized control of key government buildings in Madison and Milwaukee, along with railway hubs elsewhere in the state.\n\nAfter occupying the state capitol, an emergency session of the state legislature was convened, which, under the watch of the Red Guards, declared Governor La Follette (who had fled out of state by this time) to have vacated his office, declaring Thomas Ryum Amlie acting governor in his wake. Amlie, a more SPA-friendly member of the Wisconsin Progressives, has, presumably under duress, appointed SPA-loyalists to key positions, and ordered the state's militia to stand down.\n\nThis successful coup d'etat in an American state has sent shockwaves. Governor La Follette has denounced the illegal usurpation from exile, as has Congress and the White House. With the state militia and National Guard having bowed to the new regime however, it will likely take a full federal intervention to restore the legitimate government, something which appears unlikely for the time being, as the country falls further into chaos."
 united_states_crisis_events.211.a: "They can't do that!"

 united_states_crisis_events.212.t: "Long Meets With Moseley"
 united_states_crisis_events.212.d.president: "Today in Atlanta, President Huey Long met with Major General George Van Horn Moseley, commander of Army Corps Area 4 and a well known far-right and anti-syndicalist sympathiser. President Long, visiting several southern states in a post-election tour, stopped by to meet with General Moseley and converse regarding key matters of national security.\n\nThough the contents of their meeting have not been made public, the two struck a cordial tone upon Long's departure. Long commented that the so-called “Butcher of Mingo”, known for his brutal suppression of the Mingo War in the early 1920s, was a strong leader with a keen awareness of the challenges facing the country. General Moseley in turn praised Long as a decisive leader, and as someone keenly aware of the dangers of socialism.\n\nThough General Moseley is known for his political outbursts, this most recent meeting is bold, even for him. His de facto endorsement of Long violates every principle of military neutrality in politics, demonstrating his particular reliability to the administration and its goals."
 united_states_crisis_events.212.d.notpresident: "Today in Atlanta, Senator Huey Long met with Major General George Van Horn Moseley, commander of Army Corps Area 4 and a well known far-right and anti-syndicalist sympathiser. Long, visiting several southern states in a post-election tour, stopped by to meet with General Moseley and converse regarding key matters of national security.\n\nThough the contents of their meeting have not been made public, the two struck a cordial tone upon Long's departure. Long commented that the so-called “Butcher of Mingo”, known for his brutal suppression of the Mingo War in the early 1920s, was a strong leader with a keen awareness of the challenges facing the country. General Moseley in turn praised Long as a decisive leader, and as someone keenly aware of the dangers of socialism.\n\nThough General Moseley is known for his political outbursts, this most recent meeting is brazen, even for him. His de facto endorsement of Long violates every principle of military neutrality in politics, and, if reflected in the views of his men and officers, is a bad sign for our republic."
 united_states_crisis_events.212.a: "That's unusual."

 united_states_crisis_events.213.t: "Racial Violence in the North"
 united_states_crisis_events.213.d: "Though America's long history of racial violence is mainly associated with the south, the north is no stranger to it. The “Red Summer” of 1921 saw massive outbursts of racial violence in northern cities such as Chicago and Washington, D.C. The continued strength of the Klan in northern states such as Indiana and Maine has further perpetuated such incidents, as the mobilisation of right-wing militias against the SPA, IWW, and other unionists has the knock-on effect of violence against Black communities (as well as vice-versa).\n\nOne recent incident has been in Gary, Indiana, where the Klan and its allies descended on the local African-American community. Having been discouraged from their initial goal of disrupting a steel strike by the local Red Guard, they have instead gone after their usual, less well defended prey.\n\nAfter several hours, and much pleading from African-American community leaders, an intervention against the Klan came. It was not from the police or National Guard however, but from the socialists. The Red Guard routed the poorly organised Klan, killing over a dozen both in and after the fighting. What was left was a devastated community, as the Klan had killed half a dozen people, and destroyed businesses, homes and livelihoods.\n\nThough the reluctance of the Red Guards to intervene in several similar instances of violence has resulted in a reticent among African-American communities to rely upon them for protection, they have nonetheless been seen as more reliable than the police or official authorities. As African-American support for the SPA grows, the racial aspect of the growing civil conflict in America grows even more dangerously."
 united_states_crisis_events.213.a: "This is dangerous."

 united_states_crisis_events.250.t: "Socialist Governors Convene"
 united_states_crisis_events.250.d: "The 1936 election represented a disappointment for the Farmer-Labor Party in several respects. Not only did it fail to win the presidency, but it narrowly missed out on many seats both in Congress and in state legislatures which it was hoping to win. As hoped for majorities failed to materialise, the knives came out within the disparate party coalition.\n\nAs one may expect, the party's more mainstream elements have blamed the toxic image of the Socialist Party for their election defeat. Criticising the intransigence and extremism of the Socialists and their contributions to the party platform, they have increasingly questioned the wisdom of the inclusion of the SPA in Farmer-Labor, as well as the generous number of party nominations SPA candidates have historically received.\n\nThe party base however has seemingly shown a different view. Increasingly, the weight of grassroots support has swung behind the party's more leftist elements. One demonstration of this has been the recent show of support for the so-called “socialist governors' conference”, a newly minted alliance of the SPA governors of Michigan, Illinois, West Virginia, and Ohio.\n\nThis alliance of governors has pledged to “defend the interests of the workers of our states from a reactionary federal government”. Denouncing the new president and the circumstances in which he was elected, they have drawn the support of a radicalising Farmer-Labor base in taking a classic SPA class war posture."
 united_states_crisis_events.250.a: "Can't they get over losing?"

 united_states_crisis_events.251.t: "Violence in Detroit Escalates"
 united_states_crisis_events.251.d: "Since the election in November, Detroit has been the site of some of the most intense labour disputes the nation has ever seen. With the state-supported seizure of idle GM plants in December, the conflict between labour and capital has taken on an existential character: the workers, no longer content with mere concessions, now appear to be aiming for full control of the city's industrial heart. In turn, the companies have fought a brutal retreat, aiming to bleed the unions and hopefully suppress them through federal force.\n\nIn the latest escalation, the violence is now characterised by open gunfights in the city's industrial and commercial sectors. It is not uncommon to see Red Guards or impromptu workers' militias barricaded in the streets, shooting at hired goons or Minutemen, or even the police. With the state thoroughly in the hands of the SPA, companies such as GM have ceased to rely on the state government to protect their property rights, bringing the class war further into the open.\n\nA state of open war in a major American city is obviously unacceptable. In this administration's early days, we cannot be seen as weak or to be standing on the sidelines. As such, an immediate federalisation and mobilisation of the Michigan National Guard is recommended."
 united_states_crisis_events.251.a: "Federalise the Guard."

 united_states_crisis_events.252.t: "National Guard Resists Federalisation"
 united_states_crisis_events.252.d: "The victory of the Socialist Party in the 1934 Michigan gubernatorial election set off alarm bells across the country. The Michigan Socialists, controlled by the particularly radical tendency of the “proletarian universities”, were once so radical they refused to take part in elections at all. Having won an election they only ran in because the national party ordered them to do so, it was hoped that the Michigan Socialists would burn themselves out and quickly lose office.\n\nThis has not turned out to be the case. Worse still, Governor Al Renner's administration has more effectively captured the state's institutions than we could have possibly expected. Not only are local governments and the state bureaucracy now loyal to the SPA, but so is the National Guard, which has refused our orders to put an end to the violence in Detroit.\n\nWith the guard out of federal control, we are faced with an unfortunate predicament. Either we back down, lose massive face, and concede the guard to the SPA, or we attempt to force a change in the guard's leadership, a taxing endeavour which may not be successful for some time."
 united_states_crisis_events.252.a: "Remove the leadership."
 united_states_crisis_events.252.b: "Back down, the troops aren't loyal anyways."

 united_states_crisis_events.253.t: "Michigan Seizes More GM Factories"
 united_states_crisis_events.253.d: "The initial seizure of GM property in December set off a firestorm in Detroit. Amidst a nearly warlike atmosphere, the Michigan Socialists have taken the next step in their nationalisation program: whereas previously nationalisation was targeted at idle and unused factories, now it has grown to encompass properties currently used by GM. Several factories have been seized, either by impromptu workers' militias or the organised paramilitaries of the SPA and IWW, with the state passing a law allowing for the expropriation of factories by their workers.\n\nThough this law is obviously unconstitutional and violates every principle of private property imaginable, it is quite obvious that the government of Michigan simply does not care. The Michigan SPA, as well as the SPA nationwide, seemingly believes that the opening salvos of an open class war have been fired. As GM demands that federal forces intervene to protect their property, it is difficult to say that they are wrong in Detroit, at least."
 united_states_crisis_events.253.a: "Is there no rule of law in the workers' state?"

 united_states_crisis_events.254.t: "Detroit Commune Proclaimed"
 united_states_crisis_events.254.d: "The expected mass outbreak of violence in Detroit has finally arrived. Expecting only a motley resistance, the Minutemen attempted to secure the surrender of plant workers in the targets designated by General Motors. When the workers fired back in response, fighting simultaneously broke out across the city, as Minutemen and Workers' Militias battled both near the factories and in the streets.\n\nIn a joint assault of the National Guard and the paramilitary Red Guards, the Minutemen and other anti-union militias were routed from key areas in the city. Spontaneous attacks on key strategic points secured the city for the Socialist Party, the CIO, and the IWW, who now have total control over the city.\n\nThe political situation in the city having suddenly radicalised from even its previous Socialist-dominated state, the new state of affairs has been formalised with the formation of the Detroit Commune. A new government based on the model of the French communes has been installed with the backing of the state government under the Renner Administration, now totally bereft of non-socialist influence.\n\nThe new commune, made up of the Socialist Party, the CIO, and the IWW, has announced its intention to further nationalise GM factories, and drive reactionary forces out of the city.\n\nThose reactionaries have not stood idly by however. Many who escaped have regrouped in the reactionary bastion of Dearborn, intent on taking back the city. Nevertheless, as things stand now, the red flag flies over Detroit."
 united_states_crisis_events.254.a: "Russia, France, England, America..."

 united_states_crisis_events.255.t: "National Guard Leadership Refuses to Stand Aside"
 united_states_crisis_events.255.d: "With the Michigan National Guard having refused our orders to intervene in the growing conflict in Detroit, it has become abundantly clear that the guard has been politically captured by the state government, and by extension the Socialist Party. The danger of having a state national guard in the pocket of a radical political party is obvious: with control over the guard, the state government is capable of enforcing its radical agenda even on an unwilling state populace, or worse, attempting to leverage the guard against the federal government in some way.\n\nFortunately, the guard's refusal to follow federal orders has given the perfect pretexts for the removal of its leadership. Not only have several leading officers been dismissed, the Judge Advocate General of the U.S. Army (TJAG), Arthur W. Brown, has court martialed them in absentia.\n\nUnfortunately, we are in Washington, and they are in Michigan. The officers in question have simply ignored both their dismissal and court martial, and the guard has therefore remained firmly in the grip of the SPA. General MacArthur has also briefed us on the possibility that other state national guards, including those of Illinois, Wisconsin, Ohio, and especially West Virginia, have also been compromised politically.\n\nFor now, the Michigan leadership will be staying put, a severe loss of face for the administration. We can only hope that this infection of mutiny can be contained."
 united_states_crisis_events.255.a: "They can't just do that, can they?"

 united_states_crisis_events.256.t: "Federal Forces Sit On Their Hands"
 united_states_crisis_events.256.d: "Our inability to control the Michigan National Guard has precipitated a dramatic escalation of the ongoing conflict in Michigan. The Red Guards, emboldened by the news that the guard will not interfere with the SPA's takeover of the state, has further mobilised both within and outside of Detroit, preparing for a final offensive intended to purge right-wing militias from the state, and grant the socialists a total monopoly on armed force.\n\nNot only has the left been emboldened however. The Minutemen and other far-right militias, seeing clearly that the National Guard will not protect the interests of non-socialists, have become ever more proactive in their attacks on the Red Guards and other allies of the SPA. Many in the administration now fear that the situation in Michigan is on the verge of spiraling out of control, if it hasn't already.\n\nAmidst this, the National Guard is standing by, refusing our orders to restore order to the state. Worse still, it has been reported that several National Guard units are actively participating in the actions of the Red Guards, with the guard leadership refusing to intervene to prevent this. The capture of the guard by the SPA appears to be complete."
 united_states_crisis_events.256.a: "Can we do anything to stop this?"

 united_states_crisis_events.257.t: "Conservative Coalition Has a Field Day"
 united_states_crisis_events.257.d: "The continuing escalation of the civil conflict in Michigan has become quite the headache for the new administration. With Red Guards and other workers' militias openly battling Minutemen and other right-wing militias in pitched gunfights in the industrial districts of Detroit and elsewhere, calls for the administration to take action have grown louder and louder.\n\nHowever boisterous our critics become however, the difficulty of our position is unlikely to abate. The National Guard is, at this point, an obviously unreliable institution, due to the SPA's subversion of it in their two years in office. If we wish to militarily intervene therefore, it will have to be through the army itself. That however presents other difficulties, as General MacArthur has noted that much of the army is already holed up preparing for other counterinsurgency measures, as the nationwide situation is not expected to abate by the summer.\n\nAnd so, for now, we sit by and watch as the industrial heart of America burns. Conservatives in Congress are raking the president over the coals for this as we speak, however for now there is little we can do to answer the call for action."
 united_states_crisis_events.257.a: "Our hands are tied..."

 united_states_crisis_events.258.t: "The War in Michigan"
 united_states_crisis_events.258.d: "For months now, Michigan has been perhaps the most troubled state in the union. Having been under the control of the most radical SPA government in the union for over two years now, the political divides between the extreme ends of politics have been intensified like nowhere else. This polarisation has resulted in an explosive growth in paramilitarism, as the left feels emboldened by the permissiveness of Governor Al Renner's administration, while the right sees no remaining recourse in the official halls of government.\n\nWith it now being clear that the National Guard will sit out the growing civil conflict in the state, violence has exploded like never before. Where previously smaller tit-for-tat battles had been commonplace, now pitched firefights spanning multiple city blocs have become a relatively frequent occurrence. The level of violence has reached such an extent that the Canadian government has increased their military presence on the border near Detroit by 150% in the past week.\n\nWith the conflict now definitively out of control, General MacArthur has recommended the activation of War Plan White in the state. Concerns have grown however that even regular army units in Michigan are insufficiently loyal to undertake this operation. Regardless of what action we might take, it is now clear that a state of civil war exists in Michigan."
 united_states_crisis_events.258.a: "My god..."

 united_states_crisis_events.299.t: "Father Cox to Lead Protest March on Washington"
 united_states_crisis_events.299.d: "With a new president having finally taken office in Washington, a faint sense of optimism is in the air. Conventionally a productive time for legislation, the new president's honeymoon period has nevertheless been marked by fears that an intransigent and conservative-leaning Senate may hamper the passage of any radical recovery legislation. Thus, many have already taken to the streets in support of legislation to support the poor and the unemployed.\n\nOne such figure has been Father James Renshaw Cox. A populist labour priest and minor presidential candidate last year, Cox has conventionally been a strong supporter of Former President Al Smith. With Smith now out of office however, Cox has revived an idea he had previously floated: a march of the poor, jobless, and otherwise left-behind on the halls of power in Washington.\n\nThough few count Cox as any sort of revolutionary, the assembly of “Cox's Army”, set to march on the capital in about a month or so, has caused unease in some circles. Fears that the protest may be used as cover for more radical actors, or that the crowd may turn into a riotous mob if they are not accommodated, have been noted among military planners in Washington, who by now are very familiar with counterinsurgency planning.\n\nRegardless, we have little reason to fear this protest. On the contrary, a demonstration of public support for interventionist measures may well be to our advantage. In any case, we wish the father well."
 united_states_crisis_events.299.a: "It's a free country, after all."

 united_states_crisis_events.300.t: "Army Deployed in Washington"
 united_states_crisis_events.300.d: "The growing nationwide unrest has sparked growing concerns in Washington. In the halls of power in Congress and the White House, fears that rioting or armed paramilitary activity could spread to the nation's capital are growing louder and louder, as conflicts elsewhere in the country have grown more and more intense.\n\nAs extremist activity on both the left and right grows, General Douglas MacArthur has recommended the mobilisation of nearby military reserves, including elements of the Maryland and Virginia national guards, in Washington, D.C., in order to maintain order in an emergency or counterinsurgency situation. General MacArthur assures us that the Virginia and Maryland national guards are reliable for the federal government, and with many members of Congress increasingly concerned about the spread of unrest, we are under substantial pressure to heed his advice.\n\nNevertheless, some have expressed concerns that the mobilisation of a substantial military contingent in the capital could increase tensions. Father James R. Cox, the leader of a band of protesters likely to arrive in D.C. in a week or so, has denounced rumours of a military buildup as an overreaction to his peaceful protest movement. Though we recognise the reasons why some may be concerned, the safety of the capital is paramount. We can only hope this serves to cool tensions rather than intensify them."
 united_states_crisis_events.300.a: "We have to be safe."

 united_states_crisis_events.301.t: "\"Cox's Army\" Arrives"
 united_states_crisis_events.301.d: "After spending well over a month gathering and marching in Pennsylvania, Father James R. Cox's “army” of unemployed and destitute protesters have finally arrived in force in Washington. Over 70,000 marchers in what has been dubbed “Cox's Army” have taken to the national mall, demanding public works and unemployment relief. A number of speakers including Cox have addressed the crowd: from both left and right, men of public stature such as Charles Coughlin, Norman Thomas, and others have ramped up the pressure on the administration to take action against unemployment and poverty.\n\nThe scale of the protest has surprised many in the capital. The largest protest in D.C.'s history, the size of the march has generated substantial worry in the administration. FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover has briefed members of Congress on the potential that a significant number of socialist agitators have infiltrated the protest movement. He has advised us to keep newly mobilised military forces on high alert, lest the socialists attempt to launch an insurrection.\n\nCox, meanwhile, has seen his profile rise substantially due to his protest movement. With a strong bully pulpit, Cox has gained a far more significant national profile than he held during last year's election campaign. With the protest so far a success, many are now wondering what comes next."
 united_states_crisis_events.301.a: "Keep all eyes open."

 united_states_crisis_events.302.t: "The Washington Massacre"
 united_states_crisis_events.302.d: "For the first day or so, Father Cox's march on Washington proceeded without significant incident. The marchers gathered in the national mall, listened to speeches by politicians, activists, and other public figures, Peacefully, Pennsylvania's jobless and destitute made their voices heard, and some began to discuss the trek back home.\n\nOthers however were agitated by an apparent lack of progress. Having come all this way, only to hear platitudes and the same empty promises as before, a group of perhaps 10-15,000 marched to Capitol Hill to bring the message a little closer to home for Congress, so to speak.\n\nUnbeknownst to them however, a little over 40 miles away in Baltimore, a maritime strike had turned deadly just four hours before. With strikers engaged in a shootout with the Maryland National Guard, and with rumours that a few Marines had even broken ranks to join them, the feeling among the Army units in the capital itself was tense. With rumours of a nationwide uprising swirling, they faced down the angry protesters approaching the halls of government.\n\nWhat began the shooting is still uncertain. General MacArthur has claimed agitators in the crowd fired at his men. Other parties have claimed that the soldiers fired unprovoked. Some reports have suggested something in-between, perhaps a loud bang in the crowd that prompted a lethal response. What we do know is that nearly a hundred died by the soldiers' bullets, and fifty more were killed in the ensuing stampede as the crowd of thousands fled.\n\nAlready, a nation that was previously on the precipice has been set ablaze. Sympathy strikes and protests have turned riotous in the north, as what appears to be an unprecedented wildcat general strike brews among the IWW, CIO, and even AFL. D.C. itself is now under martial law, with the remaining protesters being herded out, but the rest of the nation has erupted in fury."
 united_states_crisis_events.302.a: "God help us all..."

 united_states_crisis_events.303.t: "General Strike!"
 united_states_crisis_events.303.d: "The Washington Massacre has, in a matter of days, completely transformed the magnitude of industrial conflict in the United States. More workers went on strike last year than in any previous year in US history. That was projected to be beaten by this year had the trends of January and February continued. None however could conceive of so many workers striking that it would be beaten by March.\n\nThe massacre of the supporters of the moderate Father Cox, a man who is distinctly not a socialist, has all but shattered faith in the existing political system among the strongly labour-oriented left. With the CIO and even certain AFL unions joining IWW workers in sympathy strikes, workers across the country have been pushed to radical action. For the first time in recorded history, a wildcat general strike seemed to be on the cards.\n\nNaturally, the now definitively revolutionised unions filled the vacuum in leadership, taking the reins of the growing movement. Surprisingly, the CIO beat the IWW to the punch in formally calling for a general strike, with CIO President Sidney Hillman inviting his IWW counterpart Elizabeth Gurley Flynn to take part in a joint strike committee. A day later, the IWW accepted, and the SPA unanimously voted to endorse the strike.\n\nThe aim of the strike remains vague, but in general themes of mass nationalisation and union representation in government, as well as the resignation of [USA_Pre_War_President] and his cabinet have been the most coherent demands commonly placed forwards. Of course, neither side now is of the illusion that these are serious demands. Instead, it is clear to all parties involved that the tripartite alliance of the SPA, CIO, and IWW is pushing for nothing short of revolution."
 united_states_crisis_events.303.a: "Is this what it comes to?"

 united_states_crisis_events.304.t: "President Leaves for Midwest"
 united_states_crisis_events.304.d: "With the snowballing of the general strike, the nation has quickly been brought to an economic standstill. The industrial heart of the union has either stopped beating or has been turned solely to the purposes of the socialist-dominated de facto dual government which now exists in the states of the Steel Belt. The reaction among other segments of the population has been equally swift: attempts to spread the strike south or west have been met with unceasing violence, both from employers, police, and right-wing militias.\n\nThe nation is on the precipice. Once again, it appears that our house is divided, and civil war appears to be on the horizon. Faced with the prospect of a national calamity, the [USA_Pre_War_President] has decided to take a bold gambit. Declaring his intention to travel on a tour of the midwest to negotiate and talk the strikers down, the President has boarded a train that will take him over the Appalachians, through Kentucky, and into Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois.\n\nReactions from the public at-large have been skeptical, to say the least. Some regard this attempt at negotiation to be the dying gasps of a failed administration. With rumours flying of a mobilisation of national guards in both the north and south however, [USA_Pre_War_President] feels that a gambit such as this is perhaps the only way to prevent a full descent into civil war."
 united_states_crisis_events.304.a: "One last card..."

 united_states_crisis_events.305.t: "Disaster on the Railroad"
 united_states_crisis_events.305.d: "Few expected [USA_Pre_War_President]'s goodwill tour to solve the national crisis.\n\nFewer still expected it to end as badly as this.\n\nSomewhere in eastern Kentucky, a bomb went off on the railroad, derailing the [USA_Pre_War_President]'s train. The commander-in-chief's whereabouts are, as of yet, unknown, as though we know the train has been derailed, we have lost any immediate contact with it. Many in Washington have begun to presume the worst however: with [USA_Pre_War_President] potentially dead, the question of whether anyone at all is capable of governing the country has very suddenly emerged.\n\nWith the worst likely having come to pass, General Douglas MacArthur has unilaterally activated War Plan White in Washington D.C. With the support of the conservative plurality in the rump Congress (now lacking Socialists and Farmer-Laborites, among others), MacArthur has assumed a kind of emergency executive authority in the capital.\n\nThis has been denounced vociferously by several groups across the political playing field. Socialists, Longists, and even moderate liberals have all denounced MacArthur's actions as a blatant seizure of power, with many implicating MacArthur in [USA_Pre_War_President]'s disappearance. As the north braces for revolution and the south awaits its Kingfish however, many in Washington see MacArthur as the only figure strong enough to hold the country together."
 united_states_crisis_events.305.a: "Is this the crossing of the Rubicon?"

 united_states_crisis_events.306.t: "The President Lives!"
 united_states_crisis_events.306.d: "A day ago, the nation was rocked by the apparent death of [USA_Pre_War_President], seemingly killed by an explosion on the railroad track on which he was travelling. Today however, a markedly different picture has emerged. [USA_Pre_War_President] lives, and, from a Kentucky radio station, has announced his survival to the world.\n\nWhile it was initially thought that he had perished with the train he was travelling in, in fact he had survived the derailment and fled the scene with his Secret Service entourage, so as to avoid encountering those who had planted the bomb to begin with. After finding refuge in an isolated town without a telephone or telegraph, he requisitioned a few cars and made his way to a larger town with contact with the outside world.\n\nIn the days since he announced his plan to visit the midwest, the national situation has deteriorated further. The general strike thunders on, and militias pop up like pustules in the south. As such, it is likely that [USA_Pre_War_President] will attempt to return to Washington to see the crisis through.\n\nThe question of General MacArthur remains however: having seized de facto power in Washington unilaterally, many now wonder whether MacArthur will relinquish what he has taken. The potential for a confrontation between the Army in D.C. and their legal commander-in-chief looms, adding yet another dimension to the brewing national catastrophe."
 united_states_crisis_events.306.a: "The plot thickens."

 united_states_crisis_events.307.t: "MacArthur Relinquishes Power in Washington"
 united_states_crisis_events.307.d: "For once, we have had a break of good luck. As the president travels back to Washington, General MacArthur has informed us that the capital has been secured, and that the Army can guarantee the safety of the federal government. Though the words state nothing explicitly, MacArthur's communique is a de facto acknowledgement of the president's authority, and paves the way for his return to day-to-day governance.\n\nRegardless of MacArthur's motivations for unilaterally activating War Plan White in D.C., once the president was revealed to be alive, it soon became apparent that he could not hold on to the power he had briefly gained. Congress' confidence, though shaken, still lies with the legitimate president, and without allies in government willing to back him any potential putsch by MacArthur was dead on arrival.\n\nNevertheless, MacArthur's brief seizure of power has had drastic consequences even outside of Washington. Several prominent military officers have already denounced his actions, while others inclined towards the rapidly militarising radical opposition have taken MacArthur's intervention in civil affairs as licence to use their own forces for political purposes. We may have been spared an American Caesar, but a split army would be the final step towards all out civil war."
 united_states_crisis_events.307.a: "The calm before the storm..."

 united_states_crisis_events.308.t: "MacArthur Assumes Acting Presidency"
 united_states_crisis_events.308.d.intro: "The dual shock, both of [USA_Pre_War_President]'s brief disappearance and of his sudden return, have shaken a nation in turmoil to the point of near calamity. With Washington under martial law, state governments have assumed more and more authority previously reserved to the federal government, accelerating the process which we now see has been ongoing for some time."
 united_states_crisis_events.308.d.roosevelt: "$united_states_crisis_events.308.d.intro$\n\nIn Washington, the acting president's absence has been the last straw for many. Having never regarded Acting President Roosevelt's administration in Congress as particularly sturdy, both due to Roosevelt's youth and inexperience as well as his lack of legitimacy, the increasingly conservative Congressional establishment has all but completely lost faith in Roosevelt. Now, instead of welcoming his return, they have done what was previously unthinkable.\n\nIn a joint statement, senior congressional leaders from both establishment parties such as John Nance Garner and Arthur Vandenberg announced their support for General MacArthur's activation of War Plan White and his assumption of power in the capital. Declaring the nation to be in an unprecedented crisis, they have essentially endorsed an emergency military government led by MacArthur, as well as the de facto removal of the acting president from office. In response, MacArthur has announced that he will “answer the call of the nation's elected leaders in Congress”, and has had a minor member of the cabinet declare themselves as acting president, before having them appoint him to the position of Secretary of State, and in turn declaring himself to be acting president.\n\nWith a return to Washington likely to only lead to his arrest by MacArthur, Acting President Roosevelt has decided instead to travel to Sacramento. There, a number of constitutionally-minded politicians and military officers are gathering to oppose MacArthur's takeover. With the military fractured in response to MacArthur's putsch, civil war appears to be imminent."
 united_states_crisis_events.308.d.borah: "$united_states_crisis_events.308.d.intro$\n\nIn Washington, the president's absence has been the last straw for many. Though President Borah was elected by an establishment coalition, continual failures and setbacks have broken the establishment's bond to their president. Now, the increasingly conservative Congressional establishment has all but completely lost faith in Borah, and instead of welcoming his return, they have done what was previously unthinkable.\n\nIn a joint statement, senior congressional leaders from both establishment parties such as John Nance Garner and Arthur Vandenberg announced their support for General MacArthur's activation of War Plan White and his assumption of power in the capital. Declaring the nation to be in an unprecedented crisis, they have essentially endorsed an emergency military government led by MacArthur, as well as the de facto removal of the president from office. In response, MacArthur has announced that he will “answer the call of the nation's elected leaders in Congress”, and has had a minor member of the cabinet declare themselves as acting president, before having them appoint him to the position of Secretary of State, and in turn declaring himself to be acting president.\n\nIn spite of this, President Borah nevertheless attempted to return to Washington. In Virginia however, he was arrested by the National Guard, firmly in MacArthur's camp, and was taken into custody on charges of inciting insurrection. In California, Vice President Roosevelt has denounced the arrest, declaring himself to be the acting president, and calling for all constitutionally minded forces to join him in Sacramento. With the military fractured in response to MacArthur's putsch, civil war appears to be imminent."
 united_states_crisis_events.308.d.landon: "$united_states_crisis_events.308.d.intro$\n\nIn Washington, the president's absence has been the last straw for many. Though President Landon was elected by an establishment coalition, continual failures and setbacks have broken the establishment's bond to their president. Now, the increasingly conservative Congressional establishment has all but completely lost faith in Landon, and instead of welcoming his return, they have done what was previously unthinkable.\n\nIn a joint statement, senior congressional leaders from both establishment parties such as John Nance Garner and Arthur Vandenberg announced their support for General MacArthur's activation of War Plan White and his assumption of power in the capital. Declaring the nation to be in an unprecedented crisis, they have essentially endorsed an emergency military government led by MacArthur, as well as the de facto removal of the president from office. In response, MacArthur has announced that he will “answer the call of the nation's elected leaders in Congress”, and has had a minor member of the cabinet declare themselves as acting president, before having them appoint him to the position of Secretary of State, and in turn declaring himself to be acting president.\n\nIn spite of this, President Landon nevertheless attempted to return to Washington. In Virginia however, he was arrested by the National Guard, firmly in MacArthur's camp, and was taken into custody on charges of inciting insurrection. In California, Vice President Roosevelt has denounced the arrest, declaring himself to be the acting president, and calling for all constitutionally minded forces to join him in Sacramento. With the military fractured in response to MacArthur's putsch, civil war appears to be imminent."
 united_states_crisis_events.308.d.long: "$united_states_crisis_events.308.d.intro$\n\nIn Washington, the president's absence has been the last straw for many. Having always regarded President Long as a dangerous radical and petty would-be tyrant, the increasingly conservative Congressional establishment has all but completely lost their patience with Long. Now, instead of welcoming his return, they have done what was previously unthinkable.\n\nIn a joint statement, senior congressional leaders from both establishment parties such as John Nance Garner and Arthur Vandenberg announced their support for General MacArthur's activation of War Plan White and his assumption of power in the capital. Declaring the nation to be in an unprecedented crisis, they have essentially endorsed an emergency military government led by MacArthur, as well as the de facto removal of the acting president from office. In response, MacArthur has announced that he will “answer the call of the nation's elected leaders in Congress”, and has had a minor member of the cabinet declare themselves as acting president, before having them appoint him to the position of Secretary of State, and in turn declaring himself to be acting president.\n\nWith a return to Washington likely to only lead to his arrest by MacArthur, President Long has decided instead to return home to Louisiana. There, in Baton Rouge, his supporters in Congress and in the military have gathered to oppose MacArthur's putsch and restore Long to the presidency. This move however has split Long from the constitutionalists gathering on the west coast, who have denounced Long's unilateral orders for a military mobilisation. With the military fractured in response to MacArthur's putsch, civil war appears to be imminent."
 united_states_crisis_events.308.a: "The die is cast."

 united_states_crisis_events.309.t: "General Butler Marches on Washington"
 united_states_crisis_events.309.d: "The pushback on General MacArthur's unilateral activation of War Plan White has been swift. Shockingly however, it has come from within MacArthur's own house. In the early hours of the morning, a contingent of Marines, led by General Smedley Butler, marched out of Annapolis towards D.C. This sent the capital into a panic, as Butler's well known socialist sympathies led to rumours that he was planning on seizing power for the Socialist Party. The quick mobilisation of forces in Washington however put paid to Butler's plans. \"Old Gimlet Eye\" apparently anticipated an uncontested seizure of the city. At the prospect of resistance, he instead turned his forces north. By the end of the day, his marines had sailed to Philadelphia, putting the city under martial law and freeing local socialists jailed by the conservative municipal government.\n\nIn a public statement, Butler maintained that his intention was to free D.C. from MacArthur's grasp and to restore the constitution. His actions however have sparked a red scare within the ranks. From D.C., thousands of telegrams have been sent firing \"disloyal\" officers. Mechanized force advocates, the \"Bomber Mafia\" of the air corps, and other midwestern officers are among the most impacted groups. The biggest name of all in the firing line is the (now former) Chief of Naval Operations, Joseph Taussig. These officers however have refused to leave their posts, and many have taken their sacking as permission to openly consort with local socialists. Far from keeping the military in the federal camp, these haphazard purges may just have split it."
 united_states_crisis_events.309.a: "A house divided..."

 united_states_crisis_events.310.t: "Workers Seize State Capitols"
 united_states_crisis_events.310.d: "Over the past few months, the power of the SPA, IWW, and CIO in the steel belt states has grown exponentially. In Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ohio, the socialists have become more militant, overturned unfriendly elements in state and local government, and forced through wide-reaching emergency “reforms” which have undermined core elements of the American political order.\n\nWhere previously a veneer of legality was maintained in their takeover of various states, the past week has seen the socialists openly seize power by force in several states across the steel belt. In Illinois, Red Guards seized the state capital in Springfield, dragging out the legislative opposition and declaring martial law. A day later, a coordinated coup in Indianapolis seized key locations and overthrew the Republican-led state government, in a state where the socialists had not even had a strong statewide electoral showing.\n\nThe grand finale was just a day ago however, when Red Guards and other workers' militias seized key locations in both Harrisburg and Philadelphia, effectively winning the state of Pennsylvania for the Socialist Party. Scenes such as these, unimaginable only a year ago, have become common occurrences, as the hold of the federal government across the entire country shatters.\n\nWith many midwestern military units having openly declared for the socialist camp in recent days, we can only presume that the worse will now come to pass..."
 united_states_crisis_events.310.a: "...cannot stand."

 united_states_crisis_events.400.t: "Government Paralysed by Inaction"
 united_states_crisis_events.400.d: "Our administration was elected with a mandate to bring the United States out of depression and back into a state of normality. With millions out of work and going hungry, even those who had opposed our campaign last year had hoped that we would be able to aid in the national recovery.\n\nUnfortunately, after a week of inaction both by us and Congress, it has quickly become apparent to the American people that help is not on its way. As the president and Congress bicker and fail to come to any consensus, the federal government calcifies, and the states take up the most important tasks of administration.\n\nAcross the nation, forces mobilise against the stillborn administration. John Reed rallies socialist radicals in the north towards revolution, while in the south, the restive forces of reaction prepare to confront it head on. In Washington the threat is from within, as conservative forces begin to whisper that the republic may only be saved by military discipline, and General MacArthur sees himself in their words.\n\nCapitol hill may be deadlocked, but the nation is not inactive, and it will not be quiet."
 united_states_crisis_events.400.a: "The eye of the storm..."

 united_states_crisis_events.500.t: "Long Returns to Louisiana"
 united_states_crisis_events.500.d: "With civil war raging across the United States, the war has not just been limited to the frontlines around Red territory. Across the territories still held by the federal government, militias and bushwhackers clash, with many in the nation's periphery swearing allegiance to John Reed's rebel government. In the south, unrest among African-Americans has swelled. An explosion of racial violence as well as propaganda efforts by the Workers' Congress have compelled several groups of sharecroppers and tenant farmers to rise up in local revolts.\n\nWith Louisiana being a state deeply affected by such troubles, Huey Long has chosen to return home in order to help in restoring order. Sidelined by the recent developments in Washington, Long has, recognising his limited ability to have an important part in the war from the capital, determined that his presence would be more impactful in his home state. The unspoken aspect of his decision, of course, is that he also wishes to prepare the next steps for his political movement, so as to win the White House in 1940. Already, he has made several statements critical of our conduct of the war effort, statements which he believes are more safely made in far-away Baton Rouge than in the maw of D.C."
 united_states_crisis_events.500.a: "Well, we wish him luck down there."

 united_states_crisis_events.501.t: "Long Sworn in as Attorney-General"
 united_states_crisis_events.501.d: "After a long and contentious hearing process, the Senate has finally voted to confirm the nomination of Huey Long as Attorney-General. Long's nomination some time ago came as the culmination of the deal made between himself and the President Borah, as in exchange for Long's backing on his domestic agenda, Borah appointed Long to one of the most prestigious positions in the cabinet. Though the Justice Department is not expected to play a huge role in wartime policy, it will importantly be tasked with advising on the legality of wartime policy, including framing important wartime legislation which the president may seek to pass, as well as with overseeing the prosecutions of many reds in federal territory.\n\nAs a controversial figure in the best of times, many conservative and anti-Long senators questioned the ability and suitability of Long to lead the Justice Department. They have called into question his qualifications for the position, (though Long is a decorated lawyer), as well as the circumstances of the \"corrupt bargain\", which supposedly occured between Long and Borah. Some critics also pointed out that Long would now have the ability to block federal investigations into his own party machine in Louisiana, which is infamous for corruption, graft, and even instances of forced labour. There have in turn been concerns that Long will use his position to prosecute political opponents under the guise of national security.\n\nNevertheless, with national unity a valuable commodity, the Senate has approved the nomination. Long will now sit in Borah's wartime cabinet, a dramatic rise for a man who made a name for himself decrying establishment politics."
 united_states_crisis_events.501.a: "Excellent."

 united_states_crisis_events.502.t: "The End of the Union Party"
 united_states_crisis_events.502.d: "The beginning of the Civil War has seen the national political landscape shift decisively back in favour of establishment political forces. As the nation unites behind the president and his establishment allies, Huey Long has been forced to adapt to remain politically relevant. The civil war as well has limited the room for any domestic opposition within the “White” camp, as the establishment parties consolidate control over the war effort and suppress out-of-line right-wing radicals.\n\nAs the Union Party was initially a mere electoral vehicle for Long's 1936 presidential bid, it was neither a proper mass party or even a strong congressional one. Many Democrats who endorsed Long's bid for the White House, such as Burton K. Wheeler, declined to identify themselves with it in Congress, instead choosing to remain Long-aligned Democrats. Recognising this, Long has now chosen to fully return to the Democratic fold, once again identifying as a Democrat.\n\nWhat remains is the extra congressional element of the party, mainly consisting of Long's associates in the Share Our Wealth movement and other satellite groups. Most notable among these is Reverend Gerald L. K. Smith, the former director of the Share Our Wealth clubs who Long fired just a few weeks ago, citing \"irreconcilable differences\". Since his firing, Smith has started a new organisation called the America First Committee with like-minded former Union Party rightists, such as Charles Lindbergh. Smith and Lindbergh have, as time goes on, increasingly dispensed with Long's economic program in favour of a national populist and laissez faire one, emphasising issues of race to an extent not embraced by Long.\n\nThough this ideological change has given the AFC initial momentum, and rendered it ideologically coherent and acceptable to far-right business interests, it has not succeeded in remaining in the public spotlight. Instead, Long's return to the Democrats has received more attention, as speculation about a presidential bid in 1940 ramps up."
 united_states_crisis_events.502.a: "It was never going to last."

 united_states_crisis_events.503.t: "Roosevelt Fires Long"
 united_states_crisis_events.503.d: "The death of William Borah has left the cabinet grappling for leadership. With both President Roosevelt and Attorney-General Long vying to be considered Borah's political heir, a confict between the two has been brewing. Ultimately, it has come out into the open today, as Roosevelt has fired Long from the cabinet. For several months now, the men have been at loggerheads over policy and personality, with many speculating that the feud began long before Borah's death. Long has openly criticised the president's policies in his first months in office, and has been gathering supporters in Congress to voice similar positions. Having grown to see the danger of firing Long as preferable to his continued presence in the cabinet, Roosevelt decided to fire him.\n\nThis has obviously come as no surprise to Long. Anticipating this action, Long, in his first post-firing press conference, excoriated the president for his \"soft\" reconstruction policy and his weakness when dealing with the country's vested interests. Long's obvious posturing towards the presidential election later this year has fired the gun on the likely contest of this year several months early, as both Long and Roosevelt contest for votes among all voting blocs"
 united_states_crisis_events.503.a: "The showdown begins..."

 united_states_crisis_events.504.t: "Long Prepares For 1940"
 united_states_crisis_events.504.d.unfriendly: "With 1940 fast approaching, the prospective candidates for president in the coming election have begun to prepare for the campaign to come. Never a conventional politician, no one has done this so openly and flagrantly as Huey Long. Aiming to secure the Democratic nomination so as to make the Democratic convention a coronation, Long has spent much of the past month on a frivolous nationwide tour, in spite of his duties as a senator. Meeting with local supporters and soldiers, Long has sought to keep himself in the spotlight at any cost.\n\nTo do so, Long has openly criticised the wartime performance of the Borah administration. Though Borah has already announced that he will not run for re-election, by attacking him Long seeks to weaken the Republican ticket which he will likely face in 1940 (likely to be led by Vice President Roosevelt). Long has demanded harsher prosecutions for reds, as well as stronger action against war profiteers and price gougers. With the civil war destroying the left-alternative's legal path to power, Long hopes to take hold of the discontent that is likely to follow the war's conclusion, riding it to the White House."
 united_states_crisis_events.504.d.friendly: "With 1940 fast approaching, the prospective candidates for president in the coming election have begun to prepare for the campaign to come. Never a conventional politician, no one has done this so openly and flagrantly as Huey Long. Aiming to secure the Democratic nomination so as to make the Democratic convention a coronation, Long has spent much of the past month on a frivolous nationwide tour, in spite of his official duties. Meeting with local supporters and soldiers, Long has sought to keep himself in the spotlight at any cost.\n\nTo do so, Long has attempted to claim the mantle of William Borah. Though Borah has already announced that he will not run for re-election, he has not announced if or who he will endorse to succeed him. By positioning himself as Borah's \"rightful\" successor, Long seeks to weaken the Republican ticket which he will likely face in 1940 (likely to be led by Vice President Roosevelt). Long has called for harsher prosecutions for reds, as well as stronger action against war profiteers and price gougers, in line with what he characterises as Borah's policies. With this, Long hopes to take hold of the high popularity of the Borah Administration, riding it to the White House."
 united_states_crisis_events.504.a: "We'll beat him again."

 united_states_crisis_events.505.t: "Attempt On Long's Life"
 united_states_crisis_events.505.d: "Shocking news has come in from Baton Rouge today, as Huey Long appears to have been shot, with his fate uncertain. Just a few years after a previous assassination attempt at the state capitol, Long was attacked on the grounds outside the capitol building, as he was returning from a meeting of the state legislature.\n\nThe assailant was a man from the town of Bunkie, named David Haas, a Long opponent and the leader of the ironically named \"Minute Men\", a local conservative anti-Long paramilitary formed in 1935 with no relation to Long's own (far larger) Minutemen. After getting two shots out on Long, Haas was in turn shot over 70 times by Long's bodyguards, and he appears to be both dead and badly mutilated.\n\nQuickly, the bodyguards rushed to Long's aid, as he had fallen to the ground in the commotion. With Long's life, the fate of his political movement hangs in the balance, as in spite of the key role it has played in the federal coalition, it is likely to fall apart without its leader. Ultimately, the bodyguards approach Long, lying on the ground."
 united_states_crisis_events.505.a: "The Kingfish is dead!"
 united_states_crisis_events.505.b: "The bullet missed by an inch! Long lives!"

 united_states_crisis_events.506.t: "Collapse of the Long Movement"
 united_states_crisis_events.506.d: "With the death of Huey Long, the movement surrounding him has suffered a devastating blow. Long's central leadership and force of personality drew together a diverse range of political forces, but now his absence leaves the movement without a unifying figure. Without the link binding them together, the movement, arguably already cut down to size by the departure of its more extremist elements, has begun to fall apart entirely.\n\nThe Share Our Wealth clubs, once the backbone of a true mass movement, have gradually dissovled and withered away. Long's allies in Congress have gone their own way, either directionless or returning to the fold of their established parties. For the first time in years, the Long machine is being challenged in Louisiana, both by the old bourbons and newer reform candidates. No candidate from what remains of the Long faction has the sort of stature needed to make a bid for the presidency.\n\nThe administration has watched the events following the assassination with relief. Fears of an upsurge in retaliatory violence failed to materialise, and the closing of the possibility of another Long bid for the presidency comes as a relief to everyone on Capitol Hill. It appears that Longism is likely to be consigned to the dustbin of history, much to the pleasure of the establishment it ultimately failed to overcome."
 united_states_crisis_events.506.a: "For want of one man..."

#### NEWS EVENTS ####
 united_states_events.1000.t: "The Second American Civil War"
 united_states_events.1000.d.four_way: "To those not in the know, it might seem like the crisis in the United States came out of nowhere, but experts agree that this was a civil war years in making. Since the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange in 1925 the economy of the United States has been sluggish and mired in deep recession.\n\nNow, the United States has collapsed into an all-out civil war between the supporters of the Federal Government, [WCA.GetNameDef], the right-wing [APG.GetNameDef], and the remnants of democratic rule in the [ACC.GetName]. Volunteers are pouring in from around the world to support one faction or another, with some characterising the bitter ideological conflict as simply part of a wider global clash of ideals."
 united_states_events.1000.d.three_way: "To those not in the know, it might seem like the crisis in the United States came out of nowhere, but experts agree that this was a civil war years in making. Since the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange in 1925 the economy of the United States has been sluggish and mired in deep recession.\n\nNow, the United States has collapsed into an all-out civil war between the supporters of the Federal Government, [WCA.GetNameDef] and the right-wing [APG.GetName]. Volunteers are pouring in from around the world to support one faction or another, with some characterising the bitter ideological conflict as simply part of a wider global clash of ideals."
 united_states_events.1000.d.two_way: "To those not in the know, it might seem like the crisis in the United States came out of nowhere, but experts agree that this was a civil war years in making. Since the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange in 1925 the economy of the United States has been sluggish and mired in deep recession.\n\nNow, the United States has collapsed into an all-out civil war between the supporters of the Federal Government and [WCA.GetNameDef]. Volunteers are pouring in from around the world to support one faction or another, with some characterising the bitter ideological conflict as simply part of a wider global clash of ideals."
 united_states_events.1000.a: "The destiny of America is at stake."

 united_states_events.1001.t: "Floyd Olson Elected President of the USA"
 united_states_events.1001.d: "After nearly two months of uncertainty, there is finally a winner in the drawn-out US election. A dark horse candidate in an age on uncertainty, Floyd Olson has won the Presidency in the House of Representatives, with the support of his Farmer-Labor Party, as well as progressive Democrats and Republicans. The Farmer-Labor campaign leaned heavily the party's controversial coalition with the Socialist Party of America, an alliance which has paid off with the groundswell of activist support it has provided.\n\nOlson boldly strides into the White House amidst protests from the establishment hard liners with the promise of fixing the economy, protecting the rights of organised labour, and establishing a "cooperative commonwealth" in the United States."
 united_states_events.1001.a: "We'll be watching your progress."
 united_states_events.1001.b: "Dealing with socialists is a dangerous game."
 united_states_events.1001.c: "Let's see what comes of the united front."

 united_states_events.1002.t: "Huey Long Elected President of the USA"
 united_states_events.1002.d: "After nearly two months of uncertainty, there is finally a winner in the drawn-out US election. In a stunning victory from behind, Huey Long of the Union Party is the 31st President of the United States, the second in a row elected in the House of Representatives, this time with the support of the Democrats, his own party, progressive Republicans, and moderate Farmer-Laborites.\n\nHuey Long is famous for his successful Governorship of Louisiana, but he has received much criticism for his authoritarian tendencies, pie-in-the-sky \"Share Our Wealth\" agenda, and his association with the violently anti-socialist \"Minutemen\" paramilitaries. Nonetheless, he enters office with a mandate to radically transform America."
 united_states_events.1002.a: "Big promises, but can he live up to them?"
 united_states_events.1002.b: "Perhaps what America needs is a man of decisive action."
 united_states_events.1002.c: "An old reactionary tale: promise everything and do nothing."

 united_states_events.1003.t: "Electoral Deadlock in the United States"
 united_states_events.1003.d: "With the political and economic situation in the United States deteriorating throughout the past year, it was widely expected that this year's presidential election would not result in a decisive winner in November. Indeed, with the vote split between four significant parties, no candidate was able to reach an Electoral College majority, just as was the case four years ago.\n\nWhat was not expected was the disasterous performance of the Democratic Party: coming in fourth place, they will be excluded from January's contingent election, leaving the Republican and Farmer-Labor candidates to compete with Huey Long for the support of Congress to decide who will be elected the next President. The nation, and the world, awaits that decision with baited breath."
 united_states_events.1003.a: "Where is the United States headed?"
 united_states_events.1003.b: "Too much liberty can be a bad thing."
 united_states_events.1003.c: "Capitalism in crisis. What else is new."

 united_states_events.1004.t: "The End of the American Civil War"
 united_states_events.1004.d: "The Second American Civil War, the bloodiest conflict to ever descend on the New World, is over. And as sobbing widows bury their dead husbands and sons the old regime of the United States of America has re-established itself across the 48 States. Martial law is being removed across the nation, and the last rebel holdouts are being taken care of by the National Guard.\n\nEven though the United States has won, the loss that it had to endure will change the face of the nation forever. Most major cities are heavily damaged, hundreds of thousands are dead or injured, and the carefree, open mentality of the American people has taken a drastic blow..."
 united_states_events.1004.a: "What effect will this have on the\nAmerican Dream?"
 united_states_events.1004.b: "How depressing — so many died for no real change at all."

 united_states_events.1005.t: "The End of the American Civil War"
 united_states_events.1005.d: "The Second American Civil War, the bloodiest conflict to ever descend on the New World, is over. And as sobbing widows bury their dead husbands and sons the old USA regime has been replaced by a reactionary military dictatorship that has vanquished all rivals. General Douglas MacArthur has issued a nationwide crackdown on all possible enemies of the state and underground syndicalist and Longist remnants, and the nation is slowly starting to rebuild.\n\nWill the United States return to democracy or will the legacy of the Founding Fathers be crushed under the Leader's boot? Only time will tell, but this war will be etched into the consciousness of the American people forever..."
 united_states_events.1005.a: "What effect will this have on the\nAmerican Dream?"
 united_states_events.1005.b: "How depressing — so many died for no real change at all."

 united_states_events.1006.t: "The End of the American Civil War"
 united_states_events.1006.d: "The Second American Civil War, the bloodiest conflict to ever descend on the New World, is over. And as sobbing widows bury their dead husbands and sons the old regime falls, and the conservative and reactionary [APG.GetName] raises its flag above Washington. Reconstruction processes are being enacted, and President Huey Long has declared the end of the war a national holiday.\n\nThe United States, thought to be the bastion of democracy, has fallen. What does the future hold for the new Southerner dictatorship? Only time will tell, but this war will be etched into the consciousness of the American people forever..."
 united_states_events.1006.a: "The South won this time..."
 united_states_events.1006.b: "Easily the worst possible outcome."

 united_states_events.1007.t: "The End of the American Civil War"
 united_states_events.1007.d: "The Second American Civil War, the bloodiest conflict to ever descend on the New World, is over. And as sobbing widows bury their dead husbands and sons the old regime of the United States of America has re-established itself across the 48 States. Martial law is being removed across the nation, and the last rebel holdouts are being taken care of by the National Guard.\n\nEven though the United States has won, the loss that it had to endure will change the face of the nation forever. Most major cities are heavily damaged, hundreds of thousands are dead or injured, and the carefree, open mentality of the American people has taken a drastic blow..."
 united_states_events.1007.a: "What effect will this have on the\nAmerican Dream?"
 united_states_events.1007.b: "How depressing — so many died for no real change at all."

 united_states_events.1008.t: "The End of the American Civil War"
 united_states_events.1008.d: "The Second American Civil War, the bloodiest conflict to ever descend on the New World, is over. And as sobbing widows bury their dead husbands and sons the last traces of the old regime are being swept away by the American Revolution, headed by [WCA.GetNameDef]. The old capitalist system is being dissolved and replaced with an organisation similar to that of France and Britain, and the red-black banner now flies over the former Congress.\n\n[WCA.GetNameDefCap] has already strained its relations with Canada, and it already looks forward to becoming the vanguard of Syndicalism in the New World. America - it has changed, forever..."
 united_states_events.1008.a: "America thrives on freedom, not socialism!"
 united_states_events.1008.b: "What was once a nightmare has now become reality."
 united_states_events.1008.c: "An unimaginable victory for the workers of America — and of the world."

 united_states_events.1009.t: "William Borah Elected President of the USA"
 united_states_events.1009.d: "After nearly two months of uncertainty, there is finally a winner in the drawn-out US election. With the support of an establishment coalition in Congress, Republican Senator William Borah has clinced the Presidency for the GOP.\n\nA venerable political titan, Borah is one of the last progressive Republicans of Theodore Roosevelt's generation. Remaining true to his maverick progressive principles, Borah overcame a substantial challenge from the GOP establishment to win the nomination, promising government relief without radicalism. It is hoped that his election will help ease tensions in the United States, a hope which has been reinforced by the conciliatory attitude of Senator Huey Long to the new President-elect."
 united_states_events.1009.a: "We'll see what happens."
 united_states_events.1009.b: "I highly doubt Borah can fix America."
 united_states_events.1009.c: "A throwback like him won't save America."

 united_states_events.1010.t: "Alf Landon Elected President of the USA"
 united_states_events.1010.d: "After nearly two months of uncertainty, there is finally a winner in the drawn-out US election. With the support of an establishment coalition in Congress, Kansas Governor Alf Landon has clinced the Presidency for the GOP.\n\nA moderate Republican liberal with ties to the oil lobby, Landon's election has been the cause of consternation from both Huey Long and the Socialist Party. Nonetheless, it is hoped that his successful governing record in Kansas and his moderate but progressive positioning will enable the establishment to rally against the growing radical tide."
 united_states_events.1010.a: "We'll see what happens."
 united_states_events.1010.b: "I highly doubt Landon can fix America."
 united_states_events.1010.c: "The establishment broke America, and now they think they can fix it?"

 united_states_events.1011.t: "President Huey Long Disappears"
 united_states_events.1011.d: "In an unprecedented turn of events, the victorious US President Huey Long has gone missing. American newspapers report that Huey Long's car and all of his bodyguards disappeared after a late night dinner in the new capital city. From what we can gather from the papers, an unidentified group of professional syndicalist assassins were behind this attack. This comes after the high profile slaying of industrialist Henry Ford's son, Edsel Ford, by an anarchist.\n\nAmerican Legion commander George Van Horn Moseley addressed the public's concerns, saying that he will occupy the Presidential Mansion in order to uproot any potential conspirators and has mobilised the Legion to defend venerable Congressmen in this dangerous time."
 united_states_events.1011.a: "The reactionaries are tearing themselves apart!"
 united_states_events.1011.b: "How dreadful!"
 united_states_events.1011.c: "Will anything really change?"

 united_states_events.1012.t: "President Huey Long Found Dead!"
 united_states_events.1012.d: "In a shocking turn of events, the once triumphant US President Huey Long was found murdered in his residence! American newspapers all across the nation denounce the murderous attack on the leader of the nation. Most troubling of all was the hood left behind by the hitmen claiming responsibility for the assault.\n\nAmerican Legion commander Robert Wood made a public address to the nation that he would personally lead the fight against Hiram Evans and his band of brigands. Raised up to take Long's place is the former congressmen Martin Dies Jr, a staunch conservative and defender of the old order who has promised swift retribution on those who seek and have sought to destabilise America."
 united_states_events.1012.a: "One tyrant dies, another takes its place."
 united_states_events.1012.b: "The American president, assassinated by the Klan? A troubling thought."

 united_states_events.1013.t: "US Congress Fails to Elect President"
 united_states_events.1013.d: "After the contested US presidential election did not produce a winner in November last year, it was expected that a winner would finally be produced by the House of Representatives in a contingent election in January. Such an outcome was not to be however: the House failed even to elect a Speaker, resulting in a state of complete deadlock in both houses which has prevented the election of either a president or vice president.\n\nWith neither a president nor vice president having been elected, it appears as if the Presidency will, for the first time, become vacant on January 20th. News of this has caused substantial unrest and civil disturbances in ther United States, as police struggle to maintain order in American cities."
 united_states_events.1013.a: "Complete madness!"
 united_states_events.1013.b: "Crisis will make opportunity for the radicals..."
 united_states_events.1013.c: "The bourgeoisie strangles itself in its own constitutional norms!"

 united_states_events.1014.t: "Massacre in Harlan County"
 united_states_events.1014.d: "Since the beginning of the decade, Harlan County, Kentucky, has been embroiled in conflict. The IWW and other unions have attempted to organise the miners of the country, facing steep, and often armed resistance from local authorities and company forces. This week, fighting in the county came to a head, with a pitched battle in the town of Harlan. The result was the routing of the union militia, with the massacre of over 600 miners by anti-union forces. With this, the town has been fully cleansed of the IWW for the time being.\n\nAlready, the massacre has caused an increase in civil disturbances in the United States, with many northern industrial cities seeing rioting in solidarity with the martyred miners."
 united_states_events.1014.a: "Concerning."
 united_states_events.1014.b: "You can't keep making martyrs forever."

 united_states_events.1015.t: "Escalation of the Harlan County War"
 united_states_events.1015.d: "Since the beginning of the decade, Harlan County, Kentucky, has been embroiled in conflict. The IWW and other unions have attempted to organise the miners of the country, facing steep, and often armed resistance from local authorities and company forces.\n\nThis week, fighting in the county has escalated, as the union militia seized control of much of the town of Harlan east of the Cumberland river. Anti-union forces have retreated to the town's National Guard depot. Though the unionists have not fully captured the town, the escalation in fighting, which has left dozens dead in the past month, is reminiscent of the brutal Mingo County War of 1923, and has already resulted in unrest across the United States."
 united_states_events.1015.a: "Not a good year for the United States."
 united_states_events.1015.b: "America's workers are beginning to stand up."

 united_states_events.1016.t: "The Harlan Commune"
 united_states_events.1016.d: "Since the beginning of the decade, Harlan County, Kentucky, has been embroiled in conflict. The IWW and other unions have attempted to organise the miners of the country, facing steep, and often armed resistance from local authorities and company forces.\n\nThis week, fighting in the county came to a head, as miners seized the town of Harlan, including its National Guard depot. Having routed anti-union forces from Harlan, they moved to capture other parts of Harlan County, taking up positions in the Cumberland River Valley before proclaiming a local commune. Already, the crisis in Harlan is shaping up to be even worse than the Mingo County War of 1923, as socialists in large northern cities march in solidarity with the \"Harlan Communards\"."
 united_states_events.1016.a: "Is this America's 1925?"

 united_states_events.1017.t.dem: "Douglas MacArthur Resigns Presidency"
 united_states_events.1017.t.junta: "Douglas MacArthur Remains President"
 united_states_events.1017.d.dem: "At the end of the Second American Civil War, the government of Douglas MacArthur, a military junta described by its head as a \"temporary measure\" emerged triumphant. With the end of the crisis, however, came an erosion of support as democrats and hardliners argued over whether the President ought to step down.\n\nToday, these arguments have been decisively settled as Douglas MacArthur has announced his intent to resign the Presidency and allow free elections immediately. Already, celebrations have been held in major cities across the country as many rejoice at the return of American democracy, though others worry what precedent the General's actions might set for the future."
 united_states_events.1017.d.junta: "At the end of the Second American Civil War, the government of Douglas MacArthur, a military junta described by its head as a \"temporary measure\" emerged triumphant. With the end of the crisis, however, came an erosion of support as democrats and hardliners argued over whether the President ought to step down.\n\nToday, these arguments have been decisively settled as Douglas MacArthur has announced his intent to remain President until \"the scars of the Civil War have fully healed\", a time to be decided only by the General himself. Already, riots have erupted across parts of the country, though most citizens remain simply too exhausted, demoralised, or war-weary to protest."
 united_states_events.1017.a: "Long live the Republic!"
 united_states_events.1017.b: "Is this the end of American democracy?"
 united_states_events.1017.c: "How surprising!"
 united_states_events.1017.e: "Bah!"

### Companies and MIOs ###
 USA_att: "AT&T"
 USA_general_electric: "General Electric"
 USA_ibm: "IBM"
 USA_raytheon: "Raytheon"
 USA_westinghouse: "Westinghouse"
 USA_bethlehem_steel: "Bethlehem Steel"
 USA_phelps_dodge: "Phelps Dodge"
 USA_bfgoodrich: "BFGoodrich"
 USA_dupont: "DuPont"
 USA_gulf_oil: "Gulf Oil"
 USA_magnolia_petroleum: "Magnolia Petroleum"
 USA_standard_oil: "Standard Oil"
 USA_wood_river_oil: "Wood River Oil"

 USA_browning: "Browning"
 USA_colt: "Colt"
 USA_remington: "Remington"
 USA_springfield_armory: "Springfield Armory"
 USA_winchester_repeating_arms: "Winchester Repeating Arms"

 USA_harrington_and_richardson: "Harrington & Richardson"

 USA_army_ordnance_department: "Army Ordnance Department"
 USA_rock_island_arsenal: "Rock Island Arsenal"
 USA_watervliet_arsenal: "Watervliet Arsenal"

 USA_studebaker: "Studebaker"
 USA_dodge: "Dodge"
 USA_buick: "Buick"
 USA_willys: "Willys"
 USA_marmon_herrington: "Marmon-Herrington"

 USA_american_car_and_foundry: "American Car and Foundry"
 USA_chrysler: "Chrysler"
 USA_american_locomotive_company: "American Locomotive Company"
 USA_fisher_tank_arsenal: "Fisher Body"
 USA_baldwin: "Baldwin"
 USA_pacific_car_and_foundry: "Pacific Car and Foundry"
 USA_ford: "Ford"
 USA_general_motors: "General Motors"

 USA_newport_news_shipbuilding: "Newport News Shipbuilding"
 USA_norfolk_naval_shipyard: "Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 USA_kaiser_shipyards: "Kaiser Shipyards"
 USA_brooklyn_naval_yards: "Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 USA_electric_boat: "Electric Boat"
 USA_higgins: "Higgins"
 USA_mare_island_naval_shipyard: "Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 USA_bell: "Bell"
 USA_consolidated: "Consolidated"
 USA_grumman: "Grumman"
 USA_lockheed: "Lockheed"
 USA_north_american_aviation: "North American Aviation"
 USA_curtiss_wright: "Curtiss-Wright"
 USA_vought: "Vought"
 USA_boeing: "Boeing"
 USA_douglas: "Douglas"

 ### MIO Loc ###
 ### Triggers and Effects ###
 USA_MIO_not_merged_tt: "§Y[THIS.GetName]§! has not merged with another §YMilitary Industrial Organisation§!."
 USA_MIO_not_involved_in_merge_tt: "$MIO|Y$ has not merged another §YMilitary Industrial Organisation§! into itself."

 USA_light_tank_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1$§! will now also grant 200 §YLight Tanks§! and spawn a §LSeasoned§! division"
 USA_medium_tank_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1$§! will now also grant 200 §YMedium Tanks§! and spawn a §LSeasoned§! division"
 USA_heavy_tank_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1$§! will now also grant 200 §YHeavy Tanks§! and spawn a §LSeasoned§! division"
 USA_naval_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_1$§! will now grant twice as many ships"
 USA_air_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$bell_upgrade_2$§! will now grant twice as many planes"
 USA_light_infantry_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$browning_upgrade_1$§! will now also grant 2000 §YInfantry Equipment§! and spawn a §LSeasoned§! division"
 USA_heavy_infantry_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$browning_upgrade_1$§! will now also grant 1500 §YInfantry Equipment§!, 100 §YArtillery§! and spawn a §LSeasoned§! division"
 USA_mechanized_mio_equipment_tt: "The trait §Y$browning_upgrade_1$§! will now also grant 300 §YMotorized Equipment§! and spawn a §LSeasoned§! division"

 USA_light_tank_mio_spawn_tt: "The division will have the following composition:\n - £GFX_unit_light_armor_icon_small §Y3§! $light_armor$\n - £GFX_unit_motorized_icon_small §Y3§! $motorized$"
 USA_medium_tank_mio_spawn_tt: "The division will have the following composition:\n - £GFX_unit_medium_armor_icon_small §Y3§! $medium_armor$\n - £GFX_unit_motorized_icon_small §Y3§! $motorized$"
 USA_heavy_tank_mio_spawn_tt: "The division will have the following composition:\n - £GFX_unit_heavy_armor_icon_small §Y3§! $heavy_armor$\n - £GFX_unit_motorized_icon_small §Y3§! $motorized$"
 USA_light_infantry_mio_spawn_tt: "The division will have the following composition:\n - £GFX_unit_engineer_icon_small $engineer$\n - £GFX_unit_recon_icon_small $recon$\n\n - £GFX_unit_infantry_icon_small §Y7§! $infantry$"
 USA_heavy_infantry_mio_spawn_tt: "The division will have the following composition:\n - £GFX_unit_artillery_icon_small $artillery$\n\n - £GFX_unit_infantry_icon_small §Y7§! $infantry$\n - £GFX_unit_category_support_artillery_icon_small §Y2§! $artillery_brigade$"
 USA_motorized_mio_spawn_tt: "The division will have the following composition:\n - £GFX_unit_engineer_icon_small $engineer$\n - £GFX_unit_artillery_icon_small $artillery$\n - £GFX_unit_recon_icon_small $recon$\n\n - £GFX_unit_motorized_icon_small §Y9§! $motorized$"

 USA_MIO_funds_and_level_merger_tt: "All levels and funds will be transfered which will amount to:"

 USA_MIO_upgrade_chosen: "Has chosen the desired bonus"
 USA_upgrade_normal: "You will unlock the current set of MIO traits"
 USA_upgrade_improved_civs_and_mils: "Trait bonuses will be improved by §G50%§! however, it will cost §H15§! §8Civilian§! and §H15§! §GMilitary§! factories in order to unlock all the top-left branch bonuses"
 USA_upgrade_improved_civs_and_docks: "Trait bonuses will be improved by §G50%§! however, it will cost §H15§! §8Civilian§! factories and §H15§! §4Dockyards§! in order to unlock all the top-left branch bonuses"

 newport_news_shipbuilding_secondary_ability_tt: "§g§Y[THIS.GetName]§! will occasionally grant a production bonus to a random ship type:\n\n§YProduction Cost§!: §W-[?production_bonus]%§!\n\nChance of the bonus applying to §YBattleships§! and §YAircraft Carriers§!: §W[?production_chance_capital]%§!\nChance of the bonus applying to §YCruisers§!: §W[?production_chance_cruiser]%§!\nChance of the bonus applying to §YDestroyers§!: §W[?production_chance_destroyer]%§!\nChance of the bonus applying to §YSubmarines§!: §W[?production_chance_submarine]%§!\n\nBonus duration: §W60 days§!\nChance of the bonus being reapplied when it runs out: §W[?double_dip_chance]%§!§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_bonus_value_increase_tt: "Value of §YProduction Cost§! bonus will decrease by §G-20%§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_chance_value_increase_tt: "Will change the chance values of the §YProduction Cost§! applying to certain ships by:\n\n§YBattleships§! and §YAircraft Carriers§!: §G+15%§!\n§YCruisers§!: §G+10%§!\n§YDestroyers§!: §R-10%§!\n§YSubmarines§!: §R-15%§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_double_dip_increase_tt: "Chance of the bonus being reapplied when it runs out will increase by §G+10%§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_remove_bonus_capital_tt: "§gBonus will be removed when 1 §YHeavy Ship§! or 1 §YCarrier§! is built§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_remove_bonus_cruiser_tt: "§gBonus will be removed when 2 §YCruisers§! are built§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_remove_bonus_destroyer_tt: "§gBonus will be removed when 5 §YLight Ships§! are built§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_remove_bonus_submarine_tt: "§gBonus will be removed when 5 §YSubmarines§! are built§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_every_60_days: "§gEvery 90 days:§!"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_double_dip: "§gChance of reapplying the bonus when it is removed: §W[?double_dip_chance]%§!§!"

 USA_MIO_light_armored_division: "Light Armoured Division"
 USA_MIO_medium_armored_division: "Medium Armoured Division"
 USA_MIO_heavy_armored_division: "Heavy Armoured Division"

 USA_MIO_light_infantry_division: "Light Infantry Division"
 USA_MIO_heavy_infantry_division: "Heavy Infantry Division"
 USA_MIO_motorized_division: "Light Motorized Division"

 ### Subtitles ###
 ### Tank ###
 chrysler_mio_subtitle: "All-Round Tank Designer"
 fisher_body_mio_subtitle: "Production Tank Designer"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_mio_subtitle: "Mass Tank Designer"
 buick_mio_subtitle: "Tank Destroyer Designer"
 baldwin_mio_subtitle: "Armoured Tank Designer"

 ### Naval ###
 newport_news_shipbuilding_subtitle: "Capital Ship Designer"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_subtitle: "Escort Ship Designer"
 kaiser_shipyards_subtitle: "Refurbishment, Repair and Convoy Designer"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_subtitle: "Survivability Ship Designer"
 higgins_subtitle: "Shadow Scout Designer"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_subtitle: "Production Ship Designer"

 ### Plane ###
 bell_subtitle: "Mass Aircraft Designer"
 lockheed_subtitle: "Aerial Dominance Designer"
 north_american_aviation_subtitle: "Long Range Designer"
 curtiss_wright_subtitle: "Aircraft Production Designer"
 vought_subtitle: "Aerial Artillery Designer"
 boeing_subtitle: "Fortress Bomber Designer"
 douglas_subtitle: "Strategic Bomber Designer"

 ### Material Equipment ###
 browning_subtitle: "Infantry Equipment Production Designer"
 colt_subtitle: "Offensive Infantry Equipment Designer"
 remington_subtitle: "Defensive Infantry Equipment Designer"
 springfield_armory_subtitle: "Jack-Of-All-Trades Infantry Equipment Designer"
 winchester_repeating_arms_subtitle: "Mass Infantry Equipment Designer"
 army_ordnance_department_subtitle: "Artillery Production Designer"
 rock_island_arsenal_subtitle: "Offensive Artillery Designer"
 watervliet_arsenal_subtitle: "Defensive Artillery Designer"
 studebaker_subtitle: "Armoured Mechanised Designer"
 ford_subtitle: "Mobile Mechanised Designer"

 ### Merger Names ###
 ### Tank MIOs ###
 USA_MIO_Merger_AMCF_Chrysler: "American Car and Chrysler Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AMCF_Fisher: "American Fisher Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AMCF_PCF: "American Pacific Car and Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AMCF_Buick: "American Car and Buick Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AMCF_Baldwin: "Baldwin Car and Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Chrysler_Fisher: "Chrysler and Fisher Corporation"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Chrysler_PCF: "Pacific Car and Chrysler Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Chrysler_Buick: "Chrysler and Buick Group"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Chrysler_Baldwin: "Chrysler Baldwin"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Fisher_PCF: "Pacific Fisher Industries"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Fisher_Buick: "Buick and Fisher Corporation"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Fisher_Baldwin: "Fisher Baldwin Body"
 USA_MIO_Merger_PCF_Buick: "Buick Pacific Car and Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_PCF_Baldwin: "Baldwin Car and Foundry"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Buick_Baldwin: "B&B Industries"

 ### Naval MIOs ###
 USA_MIO_Merger_Newport_Norfolk: "Virginian Shipbuilding Industries"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Newport_Kaiser: "Kaiser Newport Shipbuilding"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Newport_Brooklyn: "United Shipbuilding Corporation"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Newport_EB: "Newport Dynamics"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Newport_Higgins: "NH Group"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Newport_Mare: "Island News Shipyard"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Norfolk_Kaiser: "Kaiser Norfolk Shipyards"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Norfolk_Brooklyn: "Norfolk and Brooklyn Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Norfolk_EB: "Norfolk Dynamics"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Norfolk_Higgins: "Norfolk Higgins Shipbuilding"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Norfolk_Mare: "Norfolk Mare Naval Shipyard"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Kaiser_Brooklyn: "Kaiser Brooklyn Group"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Kaiser_EB: "Kaiser Dynamics"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Kaiser_Higgins: "Kaiser Higgins Sipbuilding"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Kiaser_Mare: "San Franciscan Shipbuilding Industries"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Brooklyn_EB: "Brooklyn Dynamics"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Brooklyn_Higgins: "Brooklyn Higgins Shipbuilding"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Brooklyn_Mare: "Brooklyn Mare Shipyards"
 USA_MIO_Merger_EB_Higgins: "Higgins Dynamics"
 USA_MIO_Merger_EB_Mare: "Mare Dynamics"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Higgins_Mare: "Higgins Mare Shipyard"

 ### Plane MIOs ###
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_Consolidated: "Buffalo Aviation Industries"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_Grumman: "Bell Grumman"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_Lockheed: "Lockheed Bell"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_NAA: "United Aviation Technologies"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_CW: "CWB Group"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_Vought: "Bell Vought"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Bell_Douglas: "Douglas Bell"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_Grumman: "Consolidated-Grumman"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_Lockheed: "Consolidated-Lockheed"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_NAA: "North American Consolidated"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_CW: "Consolidated-Curtiss-Wright"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_Vought: "Consolidated-Vought"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Consolidated_Douglas: "Consolidated-Douglas"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Grumman_Lockheed: "Lockheed Grumman"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Grumman_NAA: "North American Grumman"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Grumman_CW: "Grumman-Curtiss-Wright"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Grumman_Vought: "Grumman Vought"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Grumman_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Grumman_Douglas: "Douglas Grumman"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Lockheed_NAA: "North American Lockheed"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Lockheed_CW: "Lockheed-Curtiss-Wright"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Lockheed_Vought: "Lockheed Vought"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Lockheed_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Lockheed_Douglas: "Los Angeles Aviation Corporation"
 USA_MIO_Merger_NAA_CW: "North American Curtiss"
 USA_MIO_Merger_NAA_Vought: "North American Vought"
 USA_MIO_Merger_NAA_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_NAA_Douglas: "North American Douglas"
 USA_MIO_Merger_CW_Vought: "Vought-Curtiss-Wright"
 USA_MIO_Merger_CW_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_CW_Douglas: "Douglas-Curtiss-Wright"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Vought_Boeing: "The Boeing Company"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Vought_Douglas: "Douglas Vought"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Boeing_Douglas: "The Boeing Company"

 ### Material Equipment MIOs ###
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Colt: "Browning Colt"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Remington: "Remington Browning"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Springfield: "Springfield Browning"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Winchester: "Winchester Browning"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_AOD: "Browning Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_RIA: "Browning Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Watervliet: "Watervliet Browning"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Studebaker: "Browning Studebaker"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Browning_Ford: "Browning Ford"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_Remington: "Remington Colt"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_Springfield: "Springfield Colt"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_Winchester: "Connecticut Arms Industries"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_AOD: "Colt Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_RIA: "Colt Rock Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_Watervliet: "Watervliet Colt"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_Studebaker: "Studebaker Colt"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Colt_Ford: "Colt Ford"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_Springfield: "Springfield Remington"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_Winchester: "Winchester Remington"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_AOD: "Remington Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_RIA: "Remington Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_Watervliet: "Albany Arms Industries"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_Studebaker: "Remington Studebaker"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Remington_Ford: "Remington Ford"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Springfield_Winchester: "Winchester Springfield"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Springfield_AOD: "Springfield Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Springfield_RIA: "Springfield Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Springfield_Watervliet: "Watervliet Springfield"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Springfield_Studebaker: "Studebaker Springfield"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Springfield_Ford: "Springfield Ford"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Winchester_AOD: "Winchester Arms and Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Winchester_RIA: "Winchester Arms and Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Winchester_Watervliet: "WW Group"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Winchester_Studebaker: "Winchester Studebaker"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Winchester_Ford: "Winchester Ford"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AOD_RIA: "Combined Arsenal Department"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AOD_Watervliet: "Combined Arsenal Department"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AOD_Studebaker: "Studebaker Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_AOD_Ford: "Ford Ordnance"
 USA_MIO_Merger_RIA_Watervliet: "Combined Arsenal Department"
 USA_MIO_Merger_RIA_Studebaker: "Studebaker Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_RIA_Ford: "Ford Arsenal"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Watervliet_Studebaker: "Watervliet Studebaker"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Watervliet_Ford: "Watervliet Ford"
 USA_MIO_Merger_Studebaker_Ford: "Indiana Motors"

 ### MIO Traits ###

 ### Tank MIOs ###
 ### American Car and Foundry ###
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Tank Park Reserves"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2: "Increased Fuel Efficiency"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3: "Increased Fuel Tank Volume"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_4: "Improved Suspension System"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_5: "High Quality Engines"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_6: "Extensive Testing"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_7: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_8: "Workplace Agitation"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_1: "Larger Externally Mounted Fuel Tanks"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_2: "Improved Tracks"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_3: "Extended Engine Lifespan"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_4: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_5: "Standardise Parts"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_1: "Clear Gearbox Faults"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_2: "Smoothed Steering"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Chrysler Assets"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Pacific Car and Foundry Assets"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Chrysler"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Fisher Body"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Pacific Car And Foundry"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Buick"
 american_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Baldwin"

 ### Chrysler ###
 chrysler_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Tank Park Reserves"
 chrysler_upgrade_2: "Side Skurts"
 chrsyler_upgrade_3: "Increased Anti-Air Explosive Shell Packaging"
 chrysler_upgrade_4: "Improved Dozer Equipment"
 chrysler_upgrade_5: "Increased Fuel Tank Volume"
 chrysler_upgrade_6: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 chrysler_upgrade_7: "Workplace Agitation"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_1: "Reinforced Tracks"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_2: "Inner-Ridged Cannon"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_3: "Increased Muzzle Velocity"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_4: "Mine-Resistant Underside"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_5: "Gurdier Alloys"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_6: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 chrysler_upgrade_1_7: "Expanded Labour Pool"
 chrysler_upgrade_2_1: "Telescopic Sights"
 chrysler_upgrade_2_2: "High Quality Engines"
 chrysler_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Pacific Car And Foundry Assets"
 chrysler_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire American Car And Foundry Assets"
 chrysler_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With American Car And Foundry"
 chrysler_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Fisher Body"
 chrysler_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Pacific Car And Foundry"
 chrysler_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Buick"
 chrysler_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Baldwin"

 ### Fisher Body ###
 fisher_body_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Tank Park Reserves"
 fisher_body_upgrade_2: "Longer Work Hours"
 fisher_body_upgrade_normal: "Short-Term Planning"
 fisher_body_upgrade_3: "Expanded Labour Pool"
 fisher_body_upgrade_improved: "Long-Term Planning"
 fisher_body_upgrade_4: "Material Recycling"
 fisher_body_upgrade_5: "Additional Material Recycling"
 fisher_body_upgrade_6: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 fisher_body_upgrade_7: "Workplace Agitation"
 fisher_body_upgrade_1_1: "Long-Life Production Runs"
 fisher_body_upgrade_1_2: "Rapid Upscaling"
 fisher_body_upgrade_1_3: "Extreme Rapid Upscaling"
 fisher_body_upgrade_1_4: "Cut Down Production Line Material Waste"
 fisher_body_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 fisher_body_upgrade_1_6: "Smoothen Bureaucratic Procedures"
 fisher_body_upgrade_2_1: "Dedicated Conversion Facilities"
 fisher_body_upgrade_2_2: "Simplified Dissasembly Procedures"
 fisher_body_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Pacific Car And Foundry Assets"
 fisher_body_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire American Car And Foundry Assets"
 fisher_body_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With American Car And Foundry"
 fisher_body_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Chrysler"
 fisher_body_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Pacific Car And Foundry"
 fisher_body_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Buick"
 fisher_body_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Baldwin"

 ### Pacific Car and Foundry ###
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1: "Standardise Parts"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2: "Repurposed Infantry Support Weapons"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3: "Reactivate Tank Park Reserves"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_4: "Prevent Internal Armour Fragmentation"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_1: "Designed Obsolesence"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_2: "Engine Parts Standardisation"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_3: "Extreme Engine Parts Standardisation"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_4: "Adaptable Hull Design"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_1_6: "Government Contract Favoritism"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_1: "Standardise Ammunition Sizes"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_2: "Mass Produced Interchangable Armour Plates"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Chrysler Assets"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire American Car And Foundry Assets"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With American Car And Foundry"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Chrysler"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Fisher Body"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Buick"
 pacific_car_and_foundry_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Baldwin"

 ### Buick ###
 buick_upgrade_1: "Moderately Increased Muzzle Velocity"
 buick_upgrade_2: "Highly Increased Muzzle Velocity"
 buick_upgrade_3: "Extremely Increased Muzzle Velocity"
 buick_upgrade_4: "Thicker Side Skurts"
 buick_upgrade_5: "Double-Plated Side Skurts"
 buick_upgrade_6: "Reactivate Tank Park Reserves"
 buick_upgrade_7: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 buick_upgrade_8: "Workplace Agitation"
 buick_upgrade_1_1: "Wedge Breechblocks"
 buick_upgrade_1_2: "APBC Shells Specialisation"
 buick_upgrade_1_3: "Top-Side Turret Machinegun Protection"
 buick_upgrade_1_4: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 buick_upgrade_1_5: "Expanded State Investment"
 buick_upgrade_2_1: "Telescopic Sights"
 buick_upgrade_2_2: "Longer Firing Range"
 buick_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Pacific Car And Foundry Assets"
 buick_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire American Car And Foundry Assets"
 buick_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With American Car And Foundry"
 buick_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Chrysler"
 buick_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Fisher Body"
 buick_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Pacific Car And Foundry"
 buick_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Baldwin"

 ### Baldwin ###
 baldwin_upgrade_1: "Composite Armour"
 baldwin_upgrade_2: "Reactivate Tank Park Reserves"
 baldwin_upgrade_3: "Thicker Armour Plating"
 baldwin_upgrade_4: "Extremely Thick Armour Plating"
 baldwin_upgrade_1_1: "Gurdier Alloys"
 baldwin_upgrade_1_2: "Mine-Resistant Underside"
 baldwin_upgrade_1_3: "Extensively Detailed Crew Manuals"
 baldwin_upgrade_1_4: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 baldwin_upgrade_1_5: "Hire Additional Designers"
 baldwin_upgrade_2_1: "Fully Cast Turret"
 baldwin_upgrade_2_2: "Double Layered Armour"
 baldwin_upgrade_2_3: "Ergonomic Interior"
 baldwin_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Buick Assets"
 baldwin_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Pacific Car And Foundry Assets"
 baldwin_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With American Car And Foundry"
 baldwin_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Chrysler"
 baldwin_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Fisher Body"
 baldwin_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Pacific Car And Foundry"
 baldwin_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Buick"

 ### Naval MIOs ###
 ### Newport News Shipbuilding ###
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2: "Autonomous Turbine Columns"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_normal: "Short-Term Planning"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3: "Denser Shell Tipped Penetration Materials"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_improved: "Long-Term Planning"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_4: "Increased Shell Payload"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_5: "Increased Shell Velocity"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_6: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_7: "Workplace Agitation"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_1_1: "Additional Aircraft Spacing"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_1_2: "Improved Gunnery Targetting"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_1_4: "Smoothen Bureaucratic Procedures"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2_1: "Stable Firing Mechanisms"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2_2: "External Armour Belt"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2_3: "Improved Engine Design"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2_4: "Increase Gun Calibre"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Kaiser Shipyard Assets"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Brooklyn Naval Yard Assets"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Kaiser Shipyards"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Electric Boat"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Higgins"
 newport_news_shipbuilding_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 ### Norfolk Naval Shipyard ###
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1: "Increased Passive Sonar Range"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3: "Increased Fuel Tank Capacity"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_4: "Additional Anti-Air Weapon Systems"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_5: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_6: "Workplace Agitation"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_1: "Greatly Increased Active Sonar Range"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_2: "Increased Activate Sonar Range"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_4: "Hire Additional Designers"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_1: "Increased Depth Charge Inventory"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_2: "Increased Depth Charge Payload"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_3: "Greatly Increased Anti-Air Fire Rate"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_4: "Increased Anti-Air Fire Rate"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_5: "Increased Flak Fragments"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Kaiser Shipyard Assets"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Brooklyn Naval Yard Assets"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Newport News Shipbuilding"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Kaiser Shipyards"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Electric Boat"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Higgins"
 norfolk_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 ### Kaiser Shipyards ###
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1: "Sturdier Hulls"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_2: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3: "Dedicated Refit Bays"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1_1: "Equip Convoys With Dedicated Anti-Air Systems"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1_2: "Convoy Camouflage"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1_3: "Dedicated Conversion Bays"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1_4: "Dedicated Repair Bays"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_1_6: "Expand R&D Development Team"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_2_1: "Thicker Hull Plating"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_2_2: "Improved Testing Procedures"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_2_3: "Exquisite Testing Procedures"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Brooklyn Naval Yard Assets"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Higgins Naval Yard Assets"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Newport News Shipbuilding"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Electric Boat"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Higgins"
 kaiser_shipyards_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 ### Brooklyn Naval Yards ###
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_2: "Anti-Torpedo Bulge"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3: "Counter Flooding System"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_4: "Flooding Boundries"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_5: "Harden External Armour Belt"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_1_1: "Eliminate Random Engine Fires"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_1_2: "Isolated And Secure Magazine Storage"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_1_4: "Government Contract Favoritism"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_2_1: "Regular Inspections"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_2_2: "Double Bottom"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_2_3: "Thoroughly Tested Designs"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Kaiser Shipyard Assets"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Higgins Assets"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Newport News Shipbuilding"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Kaiser Shipyards"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Electric Boat"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Higgins"
 brooklyn_naval_yards_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 ### Electric Boat ###
 electric_boat_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 electric_boat_upgrade_2: "Reduce Propellor Noise"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3: "Improved Hydrodynamic Design"
 electric_boat_upgrade_4: "High Quality Engines"
 electric_boat_upgrade_5: "Increase Mine Capacity"
 electric_boat_upgrade_6: "Significantly Increase Mine Capacity"
 electric_boat_upgrade_1_1: "Open-Cycle Propulsion"
 electric_boat_upgrade_1_2: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 electric_boat_upgrade_1_3: "Eliminate Material Waste"
 electric_boat_upgrade_2_1: "Large Torpedo Banks"
 electric_boat_upgrade_2_2: "Improved Sonar"
 electric_boat_upgrade_2_3: "Increased Contact Detonator Reliability"
 electric_boat_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Kaiser Shipyard Assets"
 electric_boat_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Higgins Assets"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Newport News Shipbuilding"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Kaiser Shipyards"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Higgins"
 electric_boat_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 ### Higgins ###
 higgins_upgrade_1: "Improved Catapult Launch System"
 higgins_upgrade_2: "Naval Camoflage"
 higgins_upgrade_3: "Longer Radar Range"
 higgins_upgrade_4: "High Quality Optics"
 higgins_upgrade_5: "Additional Radar Arrays"
 higgins_upgrade_6: "Improved Hydrodynamic Design"
 higgins_upgrade_7: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 higgins_upgrade_8: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 higgins_upgrade_9: "Workplace Agitation"
 higgins_upgrade_1_1: "High Quality Engines"
 higgins_upgrade_1_2: "Autonomous Turbine Columns"
 higgins_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 higgins_upgrade_1_4: "Additional Fuel Capacity For Catapult Plane Module"
 higgins_upgrade_2_1: "Refined Propeller Design"
 higgins_upgrade_2_2: "Acquire Kaiser Shipyard Assets"
 higgins_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Brooklyn Naval Yard Assets"
 higgins_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Newport News Shipbuilding"
 higgins_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 higgins_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Kaiser Shipyards"
 higgins_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 higgins_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Electric Boat"
 higgins_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Mare Island Naval Shipyard"

 ### Mare Island Naval Shipyard ###
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Mothballed Vessels"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2: "Prioritise Standardising Destroyer Parts"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3: "Smoothen Bureaucratic Procedures"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_4: "Additional Workforce Hiring"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_5: "Prioritise Standardising Cruiser Parts"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_1: "Longer Work Hours"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_2: "Additional Dockyard Facilities"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Mothball Bays"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_1_4: "Standardise Ammunition Sizes"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_1: "Simplify Engine Design"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_2: "Eliminate Material Waste"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_3: "Restructure Development Procedures"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_4: "Increased Material Recycling"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_5: "Long-Life Production Runs"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Brooklyn Naval Yard Assets"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Higgins Naval Yard Assets"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Newport News Shipbuilding"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Norfolk Naval Shipyard"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Kaiser Shipyards"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Brooklyn Naval Yards"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Electric Boat"
 mare_island_naval_shipyard_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Higgins"

 ### Air MIOs ###
 ### Bell ###
 bell_upgrade_1: "Standardise Parts"
 bell_upgrade_2: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 bell_upgrade_3: "Oversimplify Designs"
 bell_upgrade_4: "Rush Production Process"
 bell_upgrade_1_1: "Prioritise Acquiring Machine Tools"
 bell_upgrade_1_2: "Rush Design Process"
 bell_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 bell_upgrade_1_4: "Long-Life Production Runs"
 bell_upgrade_2_1: "Cheaper Materials"
 bell_upgrade_2_2: "Government Lobbying"
 bell_upgrade_2_3: "Stricter Design Specifications"
 bell_upgrade_2_4: "Extreme Rapid Upscaling"
 bell_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Lockheed Assets"
 bell_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire North American Aviation Assets"
 bell_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Consolidated"
 bell_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Grumman"
 bell_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Lockheed"
 bell_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 bell_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 bell_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Vought"
 bell_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 bell_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Consolidated ###
 consolidated_upgrade_1: "Improved Aerodynamic Airframes"
 consolidated_upgrade_2: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 consolidated_upgrade_3: "Additional Ammunition Capacity"
 consolidated_upgrade_4: "Space Efficient Designs"
 consolidated_upgrade_1_1: "Expanded Bomb Bay"
 consolidated_upgrade_1_2: "Improved Aerodynamic Bomb Profile"
 consolidated_upgrade_1_3: "Vastly Improved Aerodynamic Bomb Profile"
 consolidated_upgrade_1_4: "Invest In Aerial Mining & Demining Equipment"
 consolidated_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 consolidated_upgrade_1_6: "Rapid Upscaling"
 consolidated_upgrade_2_1: "Eliminate Aircraft Weakspots"
 consolidated_upgrade_2_2: "Torpedo Impact Testing"
 consolidated_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Douglas Assets"
 consolidated_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Boeing Assets"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Grumman"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Lockheed"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Vought"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 consolidated_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Grummman ###
 grumman_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 grumman_upgrade_2: "Improved Sights"
 grumman_upgrade_3: "Torpedo Impact Testing"
 grumman_upgrade_4: "Heavier Torpedo Payload"
 grumman_upgrade_5: "Additional Minelaying Storage"
 grumman_upgrade_6: "Improved Demining Coil"
 grumman_upgrade_1_1: "Experimental Radar"
 grumman_upgrade_1_2: "Increased Fuel Tank Size"
 grumman_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 grumman_upgrade_1_4: "Eliminate Material Waste"
 grumman_upgrade_2_1: "Eliminate Torpedo Lock Jams"
 grumman_upgrade_2_2: "Reinforced Fuselage"
 grumman_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Lockheed Assets"
 grumman_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire North American Aviation Assets"
 grumman_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 grumman_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 grumman_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Lockheed"
 grumman_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 grumman_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 grumman_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Vought"
 grumman_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 grumman_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Lockheed ###
 lockheed_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 lockheed_upgrade_2: "High Quality Materials For Radiator Cooling"
 lockheed_upgrade_1_1: "Space Efficient Design"
 lockheed_upgrade_1_2: "Increased Fire Accuracy"
 lockheed_upgrade_1_3: "Refined Aerodynamic Design"
 lockheed_upgrade_1_4: "Increased Armament Fire Rate"
 lockheed_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 lockheed_upgrade_1_6: "Smoothen Bureaucratic Procedures"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_1: "Increased Wing Loading Limit"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_2: "Expanded Ammunition Storage"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_3: "Greatly Expanded Ammunition Storage"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_4: "Engine Turbocharger"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_5: "Redesign Engine"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Consolidated Assets"
 lockheed_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Grumman Assets"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Grumman"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Vought"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 lockheed_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### North American Aviation ###
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2: "Fuel Efficient Engines"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_4: "Workplace Agitation"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_normal: "Short-Term Planning"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_improved: "Long-Term Planning"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1_1: "Reinforced Fuselage"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1_2: "Eliminate Aircraft Weakspots"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1_3: "On-Board Fuel Tank Storage"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1_4: "Extensive Testing Trials"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_1_6: "Hire Additional Designers"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_1: "High Quality Engines"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_2: "Engine Turbocharger"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_3: "Lighter Fuselage"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_4: "Expanded Fuel Tanks"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_5: "Improved Gliding Potential"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Douglas Assets"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Consolidated Assets"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Grumman"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Lockheed"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Vought"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 north_american_aviation_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Curtiss-Wright ###
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_2: "Longer Work Hours"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3: "Rapid Upscaling"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_4: "Extreme Rapid Upscaling"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_1: "Long-Life Production Runs"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_2: "Eliminate Resource Waste"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_3: "Increased Material Recycling"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_4: "Dedicated Conversion Facilities"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_5: "Simplified Dissasembly Procedures"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_6: "Simplified Assembly Procedures"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_7: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_1_8: "R&D Department Expansion"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_2_1: "Standardise Parts"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_2_2: "Quality Manufacturing Tools"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Lockheed Assets"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Boeing Assets"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Grumman"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Lockheed"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Vought"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 curtiss_wright_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Vought ###
 vought_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 vought_upgrade_2: "Improved Aerodynamic Bomb Fins"
 vought_upgrade_1_1: "Reinforced Fuselage"
 vought_upgrade_1_2: "Improved Aerodynamic Airframe"
 vought_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 vought_upgrade_1_4: "Standardise Parts"
 vought_upgrade_2_1: "Externally Mounted Bombs"
 vought_upgrade_2_2: "Increased Bomb Payload"
 vought_upgrade_2_3: "Eliminate Random Engine Fires"
 vought_upgrade_2_4: "Cluster Bombs"
 vought_upgrade_2_5: "HEAT Bombs"
 vought_upgrade_2_6: "Improved Air Brakes"
 vought_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Douglas Assets"
 vought_upgrade_2_8: "Acquire Curtiss-Wright Assets"
 vought_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 vought_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 vought_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Grumman"
 vought_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Lockheed"
 vought_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 vought_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 vought_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Boeing"
 vought_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Boeing ###
 boeing_upgrade_1: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 boeing_upgrade_2: "Air-Burst Turret Munitions"
 boeing_upgrade_3: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 boeing_upgrade_4: "Workplace Propaganda"
 boeing_upgrade_1_1: "Increased Turret Fire Rate"
 boeing_upgrade_1_2: "Additional Turret Ammunition Storage"
 boeing_upgrade_1_3: "Improved Aerodynamic Airframe"
 boeing_upgrade_1_4: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 boeing_upgrade_1_5: "Dedicated Conversion Facilities"
 boeing_upgrade_2_1: "Increased Turret Accuracy"
 boeing_upgrade_2_2: "Engine Turbocharger"
 boeing_upgrade_2_3: "Reinforced Fuselage"
 boeing_upgrade_2_4: "Space Efficient Design"
 boeing_upgrade_2_5: "Improved Radiator Cooling"
 boeing_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Lockheed Assets"
 boeing_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Curtiss-Wright Assets"
 boeing_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 boeing_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 boeing_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Grumman"
 boeing_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Lockheed"
 boeing_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 boeing_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 boeing_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Vought"
 boeing_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Douglas"

 ### Douglas ###
 douglas_upgrade_1: "Improved Aerodynamic Airframe"
 douglas_upgrade_2: "Extended Testing Trials"
 douglas_upgrade_3: "Reactivate Plane Reserves"
 douglas_upgrade_4: "Hexagonal Bombs"
 douglas_upgrade_1_1: "Eliminate Random Engine Fires"
 douglas_upgrade_1_2: "Expanded Fuel Tanks"
 douglas_upgrade_1_3: "Cluster Munitions"
 douglas_upgrade_1_4: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 douglas_upgrade_1_5: "Government Contract Favoritism"
 douglas_upgrade_2_1: "Heavier Explosive Payload"
 douglas_upgrade_2_2: "Bigger Bomb Bay"
 douglas_upgrade_2_3: "Improved Aerodynamic Bomb Fins"
 douglas_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Bell Assets"
 douglas_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Lockheed Assets"
 douglas_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Bell"
 douglas_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Consolidated"
 douglas_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Grumman"
 douglas_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Lockheed"
 douglas_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With North American Aviation"
 douglas_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Curtiss-Wright"
 douglas_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Vought"
 douglas_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Boeing"

 ### Material Equipment ###
 ### Browning ###
 browning_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 browning_upgrade_2: "Standardise Parts"
 browning_upgrade_3: "Rapid Upscaling"
 browning_upgrade_4: "Extreme Rapid Upscaling"
 browning_upgrade_5: "Eliminate Material Waste"
 browning_upgrade_6: "Increased Material Recycling"
 browning_upgrade_7: "Simplify Dissasembly Procedures"
 browning_upgrade_8: "Oversimplify Dissasembly Procedures"
 browning_upgrade_1_1: "Expanded Labour Pool"
 browning_upgrade_1_2: "Simplify Assembly Procedures"
 browning_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 browning_upgrade_1_4: "Smoothen Bureaucratic Procedures"
 browning_upgrade_2_1: "Longer Work Hours"
 browning_upgrade_2_2: "Long-Life Production Runs"
 browning_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 browning_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Colt Assets"
 browning_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Colt"
 browning_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Remington"
 browning_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 browning_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 browning_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 browning_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 browning_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 browning_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 browning_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Colt ###
 colt_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 colt_upgrade_2: "Optical Sights"
 colt_upgrade_1_1: "Heavier Mortar Strike Packages"
 colt_upgrade_1_2: "Inner Barrel Rifling"
 colt_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 colt_upgrade_1_4: "Hire Additional Designers"
 colt_upgrade_2_1: "Extended Testing Trials"
 colt_upgrade_2_2: "Smoothed HMG/LMG Feeding System"
 colt_upgrade_2_3: "HMG/LMG Rotary Feed Cylinders"
 colt_upgrade_2_4: "Increase Mine Explosive Yield"
 colt_upgrade_2_5: "Mortar Spring-Loaded Shock Absorbers"
 colt_upgrade_2_6: "High Quality Mortar Spring-Loaded Shock Absorbers"
 colt_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 colt_upgrade_2_8: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 colt_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 colt_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Remington"
 colt_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 colt_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 colt_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 colt_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 colt_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 colt_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 colt_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Remington ###
 remington_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 remington_upgrade_2: "Lightweight Infantry Equipment"
 remington_upgrade_3: "Repurposed Civilian Motorcycles"
 remington_upgrade_4: "Repurposed Civilian Bicycles"
 remington_upgrade_5: "Incendiary Bottles"
 remington_upgrade_6: "Mass Incendiary Bottle Production"
 remington_upgrade_1_1: "Increased HMG/LMG Fire Rate"
 remington_upgrade_1_2: "Increased HMG/LMG Accuracy"
 remington_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 remington_upgrade_1_4: "Longer Work Hours"
 remington_upgrade_2_1: "Improved Recoilless Rifle Penetration"
 remington_upgrade_normal: "Short-Term Planning"
 remington_upgrade_improved: "Long-Term Planning"
 remington_upgrade_2_2: "Extended HMG/LMG Magazines"
 remington_upgrade_2_3: "Improved Bazooka Penetration"
 remington_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 remington_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 remington_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 remington_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 remington_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 remington_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 remington_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 remington_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 remington_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 remington_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 remington_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Springfield Armory ###
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2: "Heavier Mortar Strike Packages"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1_1: "Increased Rifle Magazines"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1_2: "Vastly Increased Rifle Magazines"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1_3: "Repurposed Civilian Motorcycles"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1_4: "Repurposed Civilian Bicycles"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_1_6: "Rapid Upscaling"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_1: "Anti-Tank Sticky Bombs"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_2: "Improved Recoilless Rifle Penetration"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_3: "Extended HMG/LMG Magazines"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_4: "Extremely Extended HMG/LMG Magazines"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_5: "Clear Magazine Jam Faults"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_6: "Standardise Rifle Parts"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_2_8: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 springfield_armory_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Winchester Repeating Arms ###
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2: "Cheaper Materials"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_1_1: "Rush Design Process"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_1_2: "Rush Production Process"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_1_3: "Simplify Mortar Designs"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_1_4: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_1_5: "Eliminate Material Waste"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_1: "Sacrifice HMG/LMG Magazine Size"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_2: "Sacrifice HMG/LMG Accuracy"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_3: "Simplified Bazooka Designs"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_4: "Cheaper Ammunition"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_5: "Standardise Mines"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_6: "Standardise Optical Sights"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_7: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_2_8: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 winchester_repeating_arms_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Army Ordnance Department ###
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_2: "Longer Work Hours"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3: "Expanded Labour Pool"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_4: "Rapid Upscaling"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_5: "Extreme Rapid Upscaling"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_6: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_7: "Workplace Agitation"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_1: "Increased Material Recycling"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_2: "Additional Material Recycling"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_3: "Long-Life Production Runs"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_4: "Dedicated Conversion Facilities"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_5: "Simplify Dissasembly Procedures"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_6: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_1_7: "Hire Additional Designers"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_2_1: "Eliminate Material Waste"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_2_2: "Quality Manufacturing Tools"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Colt Assets"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 army_ordnance_department_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Rock Island Arsenal ###
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2: "Heavier Strike Packages"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3: "Increase Worker Salaries"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_4: "Workplace Agitation"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1_1: "Decreased Shell Windage"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1_2: "Illumination Shells"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1_3: "APBC Shells"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1_4: "Improved Fragmentation Shells"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_1_6: "Expanded Labour Pool"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2_1: "Specialise In Heavy Artillery"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2_2: "Increased Propellant"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2_3: "APCBC Shells"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2_4: "Expertly Timed Fuses"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Winchester Repeating Arms Assets"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 rock_island_arsenal_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Watervliet ###
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_1: "Longer Firing Range"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3: "Specialise In Siege Artillery"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_4: "Improved Air Burst Munitions"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_1_1: "Bigger Gun Shields"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_1_2: "Improved Stability"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_1_3: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_1_4: "Government Contract Favoritism"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2_1: "Extended Testing Trials"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2_2: "Increased Shell Payload"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2_3: "Decreased Shell Windage"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2_4: "Thorough Testing Program"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Rock Island Arsenal Assets"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Studebaker"
 watervliet_arsenal_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Studebaker ###
 studebaker_upgrade_1: "Reduce Small Arms Vulnerabilities"
 studebaker_upgrade_2: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 studebaker_upgrade_3: "Increased Plate Thickness"
 studebaker_upgrade_4: "Closed Chassis"
 studebaker_upgrade_1_1: "Bullet Proof Panels"
 studebaker_upgrade_1_2: "High Quality Engines"
 studebaker_upgrade_1_3: "Increased HMG Ammunition Storage"
 studebaker_upgrade_1_4: "Armoured Pulpit Mount"
 studebaker_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 studebaker_upgrade_1_6: "R&D Department Expansion"
 studebaker_upgrade_2_1: "Mine Resistant Underside"
 studebaker_upgrade_2_2: "Prevent Internal Armour Fragmentation"
 studebaker_upgrade_2_3: "Acquire Springfield Armory Assets"
 studebaker_upgrade_2_4: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 studebaker_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Ford"

 ### Ford ###
 ford_upgrade_1: "Break Open Old Weapon Stocks"
 ford_upgrade_2: "High Quality Engines"
 ford_upgrade_1_1: "Extended Testing Programs"
 ford_upgrade_1_2: "Extensive Testing Programs"
 ford_upgrade_1_3: "Fuel Efficient Engines"
 ford_upgrade_1_4: "Utilise Lighter Materials"
 ford_upgrade_1_5: "Construct Additional Storage Yards"
 ford_upgrade_1_6: "Standardise Parts"
 ford_upgrade_2_1: "Clear Random Engine Jams"
 ford_upgrade_2_2: "Bigger Fuel Tanks"
 ford_upgrade_2_3: "Improved Gearbox"
 ford_upgrade_2_4: "Improved Supension System"
 ford_upgrade_2_5: "Acquire Springfield Armory Assets"
 ford_upgrade_2_6: "Acquire Army Ordnance Department Assets"
 ford_upgrade_3_1: "Merge With Browning"
 ford_upgrade_3_2: "Merge With Colt"
 ford_upgrade_3_3: "Merge With Remington"
 ford_upgrade_3_4: "Merge With Springfield Armory"
 ford_upgrade_3_5: "Merge With Winchester Repeating Arms"
 ford_upgrade_3_6: "Merge With Army Ordnance Department"
 ford_upgrade_3_7: "Merge With Rock Island Arsenal"
 ford_upgrade_3_8: "Merge With Watervliet Arsenal"
 ford_upgrade_3_9: "Merge With Studebaker"

 ### Used as artillery exporter MIO to other tags
 us_ordnance_export: "American Ordnance Exports"

# Traits
 us_plane_companies_lockheed: "Heavy Fighter Manufacturer"
 us_plane_companies_boeing: "Heavy Bomber Manufacturer"

### MIO Traits ###
 USA_mio_trait_mobile_tank_destroyers: "Mobile Tank Destroyers"
 USA_mio_trait_dedicated_tank_factory: "Dedicated Tank Factory"
 USA_mio_trait_arsenal_of_democracy: "Arsenal of Democracy"
 USA_mio_trait_strict_design_specifications: "Strict Design Specifications"
 USA_mio_trait_expanded_production_facilities: "Expanded Production Facilities"
 USA_mio_trait_periscope_sights: "Periscope Sights"
 USA_mio_trait_mass_production_of_armor: "Mass Production of Armour"
 USA_mio_trait_carrier_specialists: "Carrier Specialists"
 USA_mio_trait_north_carolina_shipbuilding_company: "North Carolina Shipbuilding Company"
 USA_mio_trait_shipyard_expansion: "Shipyard Expansion"
 USA_mio_trait_naval_station_norfolk: "Naval Station Norfolk"
 USA_mio_trait_the_can_do_shipyard: "The Can-Do Shipyard"
 USA_mio_trait_drydock_expansion: "Drydock Expansion"
 USA_mio_trait_gould_centrifugal_pump: "Gould Centrifugal Pump"
 USA_mio_trait_radar_experimentation: "Radar Experimentation"
 USA_mio_trait_smooth_finish: "Smooth Finish"
 USA_mio_trait_jet_fighter_design: "Jet Fighter Design"
 USA_mio_trait_medium_long_range_aircraft: "Medium Long-Range Aircraft"
 USA_mio_trait_mechanized_production: "Mechanised Production"
 USA_mio_trait_light_long_range_aircraft: "Light Long-Range Aircraft"
 USA_mio_trait_outsourced_engines: "Outsourced Engines"
 USA_mio_trait_light_aircraft_development: "Light Aircraft Development"
 USA_mio_trait_remote_controlled_turrets: "Remote Controlled Turrets"
 USA_mio_trait_specialist_nose_configurations: "Specialist Nose Configurations"
 USA_mio_trait_superfortress: "Superfortress"

 ### MIO Policies ###
 USA_mio_policy_scope_creep: "Scope Creep"
 USA_mio_policy_dedicated_RD_department: "Dedicated R&D Department"

### Characters ###
 USA_floyd_olson: "Floyd Bjørnstjerne Olson"
 USA_floyd_olson_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 13th, 1891, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LFloyd B. Olson was never supposed to become President of the United States. Born to a Norwegian father and a Swedish mother, Olson grew up serving as a shabbos goy for the local Jewish community on the north side of Minneapolis, then briefly working for the Northern Pacific Railway. This was before dropping out of university and heading west to work odd jobs in Canada and Alaska, and then Seattle where he joined the Industrial Workers of the World for a time, picking up a quasi-socialist ideology he would hold throughout his life. In 1913 he returned to Minnesota to study law, and became the Hennepin Country attorney by 1920. He became known as a tough prosecutor, taking on corrupt businessmen, the Ku Klux Klan, and the conservative Minnesota Citizens Alliance after the latter hired a hitman to blow up the home of a union leader. During this time, Olson aligned as a Progressive, a Democrat, and eventually as a nominee for what was then called the Working People's Nonpartisan League - and was rewarded when he became that party's first governor of Minnesota.\n\nWhen his party became the state section of the Farmer-Labor Party in 1930, Olson immediately became a leading figure of the non-socialist wing of that party, and was nominated in 1932 as its first presidential nominee. A historic first-time showing under Olson allowed him to win a Senate seat in 1934, and allowed him to remain a credible option for the presidency in 1936.\n\nAfter much hand wringing, on the back of a coalition of the congressional left, Olson has now become the first president elected from neither of the major parties since Zachary Taylor in 1848. His election was the least of his struggles however: now Olson must manage a fractious coalition that includes both moderates and a radical Socialist Party which remains committed to revolution. With rumours of ill health swirling around him, it remains to be seen if Olson can walk the tightrope...§!"

 USA_al_smith: "Alfred Emanuel Smith"
 USA_al_smith_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LDecember 30th, 1873, in New York City, New York, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LAlfred Emanuel Smith began his career as a climber. A working class Irish-American with little formal education, he clawed his way up the ranks of municipal and state politics, relying on his wits and oratory skills to push himself forward. Though he emerged as a creature of Tammany Hall, he was never connected to the notorious corruption of the machine. After years of steady climbing as a progressive reformer, he was elected Governor of New York in 1918.\n\nThroughout his tenure, he fought for civil service reform and workers' protections, and his ambitions soon turned to national politics. With the nation in the midst of depression, the lane was wide open for Smith to take the Democratic nomination and the presidency in 1928.\n\nWhile his presidency initially brought about widespread optimism that better days were ahead, such feelings were short-lived. Though Smith succeeded in preventing a total collapse in the nation's banking system in 1929, the Creditanstalt collapse and subsequent recession in 1931 put a halt to the limited progress towards recovery made in Smith's first term.\n\nAs the depression continued, and Smith's administration failed to construct a strong narrative of recovery, discontent with mainstream politics grew ever stronger. The Democrats' hold over congress became weaker with every election, as Smith was only barely re-elected in the House of Representatives. His once strong popularity has fallen greatly, as he comes to represent the malaise that has consumed the nation since 1925.\n\nNow Smith is but a lame duck. Challenged both from within and outside his own party by radical forces, he is resigned to ensuring his exit from office is as successful and dignified as possible. With the crows circling the Democratic Party however, the American people wait with trepidation to see what comes next...§!"

 USA_alben_barkley: "Alben William Barkley"
 USA_alben_barkley_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 24th, 1877, in Wheel, Kentucky, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LAlben Barkley draws from over thirty years of political experience within the Democratic Party and his own smart judgement. A supporter of the reforms of Woodrow Wilson, he continues to carry the torch of progressive Wilsonianism long after the late president's death. After several failed national election bids and a steady voting record, Alben was the right piece on the chess board in this election to gain the White House for the Democrats.§!"

 USA_quentin_roosevelt: "Quentin Roosevelt"
 USA_quentin_roosevelt_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 19th, 1897, in Washington, D.C., United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LThe youngest son of former president Theodore Roosevelt, from an early age Quentin was groomed for political activism in his father's Republican Party. Quentin, however, wished to be a pilot, but was injured in his training in 1918. Seeing his family being torn by Archibald Roosevelt's entry into Huey Long's camp, Quentin entered politics and served as Governor of New York during the fateful year of 1936. Now leading the country as one of its youngest ever presidents, Quentin plans to follow in his father's footsteps and push for a new American Fair Deal.§!"

 USA_arthur_vandenberg: "Arthur Hendrik Vandenberg"
 USA_arthur_vandenberg_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LMarch 22nd, 1884, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn in Grand Rapids, Michigan of a family of maily Dutch heritage, Arthur Vandenberg began his career as a journalist. After a stint in New York, Vandenberg settled home to edit and publish the Grand Rapids Herald, aligning the paper's editorials with Theodore Roosevelt-style progressivism, even as he supported Roosevelt's opponent, incumbent William Howard Taft, in the GOP primary of 1912.\n\nAfter gaining for himself a substantial profile, Vandenberg was often touted as a potential Republican candidate for high office. In 1928, he was appointed to fill a vacancy to one of Michigan's US senate seats. In spite of the general GOP drubbing that year, Vandenberg survived the special election to retain his seat, in part thanks to Socialist vote-splitting.\n\nIn the senate, he gained a reputation as a conservative, though a moderate one. He agreed with many of the measures President Smith took to restore economic confidence, as well as his reluctance to resort to any radical spending measures. Though he was touted as a potential candidate for President in 1936, he declined to throw his hat in the ring, fearing that, as a conservative, he might throw the nomination to the progressive William Borah.\n\nIt was in the months following the election that Vandenberg attached himself to Douglas MacArthur's cause, helping to rally congressional legitimacy to the federal government during the Civil War. Allied to MacArthur on the basis of a democratic restoration after the war, Vandenberg has now been rewarded for his loyalty both with that promised restoration, and with the presidency.\n\nWith the country still in ruins, Vandenberg must now manage a more arduous reconstruction than that after the first civil war. Restoring normalcy and conservatism is no easy task, however in doing this Vandenberg can rely on the support of both Congress and an increasingly conservative and isolationist public.§!"

 USA_scott_lucas: "Scott Wike Lucas"
 USA_scott_lucas_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LFebruary 19th, 1892, in Cass County, Illinois, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn on an impoverished tenant farm near Chandlerville, Illinois, Scott Lucas was named after a Democratic congressman, Scott Wike. It was Lucas' brother Thurman, however, who pushed the young man into politics. Working various odd jobs to get himself through college, Wike graduated in 1914, opening a law practice in Havana, Illinois. In a few years, he had established himself as a \"first rate\" country lawyer, serving as a state's attorney for five years in the 1920s.\n\nWhen his political idol, Democratic congressman Henry T. Rainey, passed away in 1934, Lucas won the following election to his seat. In Congress, he supported President Smith's agenda, opposing the rising Farmer-Labor and Socialist parties while pushing for government relief for workers and farmers. With the outbreak of civil war, Lucas remained loyal to the Federal Government, and soon was elevated to the Senate.\n\nThough the Democrats were not lacking in candidates, their liberal wing was weakened both by the Smith years and the Civil War. With the election of Lucas, they hope for a revival. A prominent leader from the formerly radical midwest, Lucas hopes to bring the region back into the fold of a moderate and sensible liberal Democratic Party, on a platform of labour rights, government supports, and civil rights for African-Americans.§!"

 USA_paul_douglas: "Paul Howard Douglas"
 USA_paul_douglas_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LMarch 26th, 1892, in Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LPaul Howard Douglas was born in Massachusetts in 1892. Overcoming a tumultuous early childhood, Douglas earned a PhD in economics in 1921 from Columbia University, beginning a career in academia. With his wife, a fellow PhD holder, Douglas moved six times between 1915 and 1920. After spending much of the 1920s back in Massachusetts, Douglas divorced his wife and returned to Chicago, where he became increasingly involved in politics.\n\nIn 1933 he was a supporter of the \"Chicago Plan\", which proposed to eliminate private bank money creation through fractional reserve lending in order to prevent another lending induced depression.Associated with the Farmer-Labor Party, Douglas became one of their leading non-Socialist figures in municipal politics, serving on the last pre-war city council. As the provisional Workers' Congress dissolved the municipal government and installed the Chicago Commune in its place, Douglas spent the war as a private citizen in Red territory.\n\nThough he was a leftist, he soon became critical of many of the policies of the Socialist Party and IWW, leading to him being quickly reconstructed after the end of the war. Douglas served as an important link in post-war Chicago between the formerly Socialist masses and the resurrected Democratic Party, which he joined. After a few years as an alderman, Douglas won the Democratic primary for the Senate. After a campaign in which many a bloody shirt was waved, Douglas won in an upset.\n\nNow a mainstream liberal, Douglas emphasised both government supports and fiscal discipline. An opponent of pork barrel spending and a supporter of civil rights legislation, Douglas was soon regarded as a potential candidate for the presidency. Now, on the back of an eclectic coalition of ex-Socialists, ex-Longists, good government liberals and progressives, Douglas is in the White House, perhaps a sign that the divides of the Civil War have finally healed.§!"

 USA_herbert_hoover: "Herbert Clark Hoover"
 USA_herbert_hoover_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LAugust 10th, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn to a Quaker family in Iowa, Herbert Clark Hoover began his career as a mining geologist. It was the outbreak of the European War which made Hoover famous however. His success as chairman of a committee organised to ensure the safe return of 100,000 Americans stranded in Europe in 1914 allowed him to establish the Commission for Relief in Belgium. From 1914-1920, through entirely voluntary efforts, nearly 10 million people in occupied Belgium and northern France were fed by his organisation.\n\nHoover's sterling reputation as a humanitarian set him up well for a potential political career. Though his name was floated as a potential cabinet pick, Hoover was preoccupied with further aid projects in Europe. With the onset of the Great Depression, Hoover turned his focus back home, organising charitable aid to Americans facing food insecurity. Such actions raised his profile further, and in 1928 his name was placed into nomination at the Democratic convention.\n\nThough Al Smith was ultimately nominated and elected, he appointed the popular Hoover as his Secretary of Commerce. Hoover leveraged his department for disaster relief and other regulatory initiatives intended to mitigate the depression. Though Smith's popularity fell, Hoover's remained strong, and he was perceived as a strong potential candidate in the 1936 election, though he refused to run under his unpopular party's banner.\n\nHaving exited office with Smith, and spent the Civil War in numerous humanitarian positions, Hoover's election as President represents the turning of a new leaf. The main member of the Smith Administration to keep his reputation in-tact, Hoover was elected with the expectation that his years of humanitarian experience would make him an able president during reconstruction. As the nation begins to heal from the wounds of war, time will tell if he is up to the task.§!"

 USA_alf_landon: "Alfred Mossman Landon"
 USA_alf_landon_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 12th, 1887, in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LThat, of all people who could've been picked for the task, Alfred Mossman Landon was chosen to lead America in its darkest hour is something of a curiosity. Raised in Marietta, Ohio, and finally studying and settling down in Kansas, Landon eventually acquired substantial personal wealth as an oil producer, and became a major figure of the national oil lobby - a group attacked by both the left and right. A supporter of Teddy Roosevelt's Progressive Party and his 1912 election bid, Landon eventually became the leader of the Kansas liberal Republican caucus. In 1932, he was elected as the Kansas state governor in an exceptionally tight race, and narrowly won re-election 2 years later, building a reputation as a soft-spoken reformist Republican in a time where they are becoming an increasingly rare sight.\n\nLandon was backed by the Republican party machinery as a centrist against party insurgent William Borah. Though he was not as radical as Borah, it was expected that he would be able to appeal both to the national mood for reform and the natural conservatism of Americans. Though the Republican Party had not gained substantial popularity during the Smith years, Landon was still considered a favourite for election. Such expectations have now finally been confirmed in the House, as, Landon was elected by an establishment coalition to serve as Smith's successor. In the White House, the President carries a unique political position, a man who is fiscally conservative yet receptive to government intervention: a figure of business interests who is still a supporter of labour unions.\n\nFor the second time, a Republican stands before a house deeply divided - and President Landon has some very large shoes to fill.§!"

 USA_william_borah: "William Edgar Borah"
 USA_william_borah_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJune 29th, 1865, in Jasper Township, Illinois, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LA child of frontiersmen, William Borah was born and educated near Fairfield, Illinois. Moving west, initially to Kansas and then to the boom town of Boise, Idaho, he settled and became an attorney, involving himself in state Republican politics. In 1896, Borah joined many of his fellow state party members in abandoning the GOP ticket in favour of William Jennings Bryan's platform of Free Silver, the first of many maverick acts towards the party leadership. Soon, he gained acclaim for his aggressive prosecution of union leaders Paul Corcoran and Bill Haywood, each in separate murder cases.\n\nAs a progressive insurgent in the Senate, Borah supported Roosevelt in 1912 over Taft, opposed US entry into the European War, and supported women's suffrage. Critical of the McAdoo, Lowden, and Smith administrations, Borah hoped to make a serious run for President in the 1920s and ‘30s, but only succeeded in 1936: With conservative Republicans in turmoil, and the nation in a radical mood, Borah was able to clinch the nomination, and win the presidency with the support of house and Senate Democrats.\n\nBorah represents the last great hurrah of Roosevelt-style progressivism. Though an opponent of Smith's economic policies, Borah favours a far more decentralised model of progressivism than either the Farmer-Laborites or Huey Long. His stringent support for states' rights has won him both praise and scorn, with his \"lily-white\" attitude towards civil rights earning him condemnation from the GOP's traditional African-American constituents. With the nation of the precipice, it remains to be seen whether the \"Lion of Idaho\" is the right man to lead the United States out of its current storm.§!"

 USA_cordell_hull: "Cordell Hull"
 USA_cordell_hull_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 2nd, 1871, in Olympus, Tennessee, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn in a log cabin in Tennessee, Cordell Hull has been involved in politics for his entire adult life. Elected to the U.S. House in 1906 at 35, on the Ways and Means Committee Hull was a fighter for low tariffs and an income tax, aligning broadly with the policies of fellow southerners Woodrow Wilson and William Gibbs McAdoo.\n\nAfter a brief stint out of Congress and as chairman of the Democratic National Committee, Hull was entered into nomination at the 1928 Democratic National Convention. It was that year however that he was elected to the Senate, where he gained a seat on the Committee on Foreign relations.\n\nHull's big break came upon the departure of President Al Smith's first Secretary of State, James A. Reed. Hull was nominated as Reed's replacement, and as Secretary of State pursued lower tariffs (in spite of Smith's reluctance), a relaxed policy in Latin America, and, controversially, recognition of the Union of Britain.\n\nThough his name was again put forward in 1936 for the presidency, the Democratic nomination instead went to Vice President Joe T. Robinson. Mainly focused on the American response to Black Monday and its domino effects, Hull was shocked when Congress fell into deadlock in early 1937. With no new president having been elected, Smith's term was to expire, and the Secretary of State was to become acting president.\n\nForgoing the convention that the president's cabinet departs from office with him, Hull has remained in office past January 20th to maintain some semblance of continuity of government. As acting-president, his position is widely recognised, even by himself, as untenable, and as the nation falls into further chaos it is likely that he will give way to a force more capable of restoring order.§!"
 USA_cordell_hull_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 2nd, 1871, in Olympus, Tennessee, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LCordell Hull is a long serving Congressman of multiple talents. A legislator with experience writing the Federal Budget. A diplomat involved in extending US influence into Mexico and maintaining US relations with Germany. His influence over the Democratic National Committee also gives him the power to influence which candidates can run for office.§!"

 USA_wendell_willkie: "Wendell Lewis Willkie"
 USA_wendell_willkie_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LFebruary 18th, 1892, in Elwood, Indiana, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LWendell Willkie has been many things in his life before the presidency. He began as a Bryanite, became a socialist in college, and rumours persist that he seduced Song Mei Ling during a diplomatic visit to China in 1933 - not to mention an affair with writer Irita Van Doren. He continued to stand out when he opposed Democrats to push for a bank holiday when the Great Depression hit. This support for financial institutions and his assertions that government aid should not interfere with market competition made him a possible dark horse candidate for the Democratic nomination, and he served well during the 1940 campaign and afterwards, when his easy mannerisms and propensity for a drink won him favour with the press. It remains to be seen whether this polytalented man can handle the many roles of the presidency.§!"

 USA_robert_taft: "Robert Alphonso Taft"
 USA_robert_taft_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LSeptember 8th, 1889, in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LRobert Alphonso Taft Sr. is the latest scion of the Taft family and eldest son of former President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft. He followed his father into a career in law, being admitted to the Ohio bar in 1913 with the best test scores in the state. Dedicating the next few years to his legal practice, Taft served a brief stint in Washington as part of the legal staff for the Food and Drug Administration where he met his idol, Herbert Hoover. While in Washington, Taft grew to despise government inefficiency, an attitude he carried into the Ohio House of Representatives in 1920. His time in Ohio saw him become a leading figure of the Ohio Republican Party's conservative faction and a vigorous opponent of the Ku Klux Klan, famously voting against a Klan-sponsored bill to ban dancing on Sundays and opposing another bill requiring Ohio public schools to read ten Bible verses daily. Throughout his career, Taft has ardently championed the superiority of private initiative over nearly every sphere, and became one of the greatest enemies of Ohio's socialists.\n\nDespite his lacklustre speaking ability, Taft's local notoriety and status as head of the political dynasty turned into national fame, then to the Republican nomination for President, and then to the White House. President Taft, now known as \"Mr. Republican\", wields great influence over the party machinery and country clubs across the country and marks himself as a supporter of small government, a sceptic of foreign adventurism, and a defender of individual rights.§!"

 USA_charles_halleck: "Charles Abraham Halleck"
 USA_charles_halleck_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LAugust 22nd, 1900, in DeMotte, Indiana, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LCharles Abraham Halleck started his career the way many future politicians do - by pursuing a career in law. Soon after graduating from Indiana University and being admitted to the bar, Halleck became the prosecuting attorney for Indiana's 13th district court. Halleck's formal entry into politics only came in 1934, when he was chosen to take the seat of an incoming Republican representative who had died less than two weeks after that year's midterm elections. Halleck was only in Washington for two years before the Second Civil War broke out, but he saw enough to determine that compromise with the radicals was useless at best and un-American at worst. The young representative doggedly supported the Federal war effort, but eventually made waves by declaring that emergency price controls and rationing should be rolled back as soon as possible - he argued that Americans should \"live again as God meant them to live\", and not as some Washington bureaucrat did.\n\nThroughout his career, Halleck has defined himself as an ardently conservative Republican, scoffing at the party's Eastern establishment and their calls for moderation. To him, Americans didn't fight two civil wars just for the government to micromanage their lives - they fought for the freedom to live as they pleased, and their right to live under a government that holds this freedom sacred. Ushering a new generation of post-war politicians, President Halleck has made it clear that his sole mission is to ensure that America will be free for decades to come.§!"

 USA_john_nance_garner: "John Nance Garner"
 USA_john_nance_garner_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 22nd, 1868, in Red River County, Texas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LJohn Nance Garner III - a Texan by birth, a lawyer by training, and a politician by profession - is the leading face of the Democratic Party establishment. Entering politics as a county judge, Garner quickly proceeded to the Texas House of Representatives in 1898 and soon made a name for himself by stubbornly backing the prickly pear cactus to be chosen as the Texas state flower - forever earning him the moniker \"Cactus Jack\". After two terms at the state level, he was elected to national office in 1902 with the backing of the white landowners that control voting in South Texas. In the three decades since, Garner has marked himself as a supporter of a federal income tax, rural investment, a balanced budget, and the machinery that has, up to now, maintained Democratic dominance over the South, all combined with a larger-than-life personality that endears him to both farmers and Southern magnates alike.\n\nThis is the wave that has sent Garner to the presidency. The coastal Republicans have had their chance - now is the time for a \"new South\" to take the reins of leadership and guide America through the arduous reconstruction after the Civil War. Having long supported federal intervention against strikes, Garner has seemingly had his hard line vindicated by the Civil War. Now he has been granted the privilege not just of legislating, but of governing.§!"

 USA_harry_byrd: "Harry Flood Byrd"
 USA_harry_byrd_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJune 10th, 1887, in Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LWhereas many southern populists fell to Huey Long's charms and deserted the Democratic Party, Harry F. Byrd stood his ground. Harry Byrd was born into a Virginian Brahmin family with a direct line to the American Revolution, and is a firm believer in segregation and fiscally conservative policies intended to reduce the national debt. Holding firm to his laissez-faire policies, Harry Byrd won as the stabilising image of American traditional establishment.§!"

 USA_richard_russell_jr: "Richard Brevard Russell Jr."
 USA_richard_russell_jr_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 2nd, 1897, in Winder, Georgia, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LThe final ascent into the White House by Richard Russell Jr. is the final stroke in a long game that extends even before his time in the Democratic Party. Russell Jr. has accumulated the right combination of titles in the US Navy, in the Georgian House of Representatives, and the US Congress to secure universal respect. His focus that de-segregation should happen entirely on southern terms proved popular with a national audience. Time will tell whether this position is sustainable.§!"

 USA_happy_chandler: "Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler"
 USA_happy_chandler_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJune 14th, 1898, in Corydon, Kentucky, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LThe turning point in Happy Chandler's career came during his intermission in politics to become the Commissioner of Baseball. A term as Governor had established Chandler as a respectable and industrious Democrat with a firm hand on the party line. This stint as Commissioner of Baseball saw a historical decision to allow integrated baseball teams, which led to the end of segregated baseball. This only further elevated Chandler as a Senator and made his decision to carry this support into the Conservative wing of the Democratic Party even more important. His insistence that fiscal conservatism and the race question were not tied together stood against Strom Thurmond's line...§!"

 USA_john_sparkman: "John Jackson Sparkman"
 USA_john_sparkman_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LDecember 20th, 1899, in Hartselle, Alabama, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn in a log cabin and raised on a farm, John Sparkman had a very relatable upbringing. A rapidly ascending legal career and political clubs later and Sparkman had become the Democratic Representative for Huntsville. His victory being especially important in the fateful Year of '36 as he beat the Long's candidate. Sparkman was instrumental in opening education up to immigrants and women in the South. Silent on social matters and bolstered by his support of science education, Sparkman spoke out against defensive US foreign policy, and eventually left for the Constitution Party, where his reputation put him on the fast track to presidency.§!"

 USA_harold_stassen: "Harold Edward Stassen"
 USA_harold_stassen_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 13th, 1907, in West St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn to a German mother and a Minnesota-born Czech-German father, Harold Stassen rose quickly in life. Just a year after receiving his Bachelor of Laws, Stassen opened a law firm. A year after that, he was elected county attorney. Stassen played a leading role in the creation of the Young Republicans committe in Minnesota in the years leading up to the Civil War, just as the Farmer-Labor Party was strengthening its grip over the state.\n\nThe outbreak of war however interrupted Stassen's career. Stassen, refusing to serve the Reds who took control of the state, fled to Federal territory, where he enlisted. Stassen served out the war with distinction, and when hostilities ended he returned to Minnesota to play a leading role in its reconstruction. Elected as the state's first post-war civilian governor, Stassen helped to rebuild the state while passing several important reforms. Civil service reforms helped dismantle the patronage system established by Floyd Olson, and he cooperated with other midwestern governors on farm issues. He also established the Interracial Commission, the first civil rights organisation of Minnesota.\n\nAs a result, Stassen's approval ratings skyrocketed, reaching as high as 91 percent in one poll. Stassen's ambitions soon turned towards the presidency, and many national GOP leaders regarded him as a serious contender in more than one election cycle. After a false start in 1948, Stassen won the Republican nomination and the presidency four years later. Though not quite the youngest president in American history, at 45 years of age he comes close, and his youth appears to be a good omen for a nation that is finally putting the Civil War behind it.§!"

 USA_douglas_macarthur: "Douglas MacArthur"
 USA_douglas_macarthur_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 26th, 1880, in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn a military brat and spending his childhood moving from one army camp to another, Douglas MacArthur asserts that he learned to ride and shoot before he could read or write - and those skills were what he tied the rest of his career to. The most successful son of Lt. General Arthur MacArthur, he followed the steps of his father and enrolled in the United States Military Academy at West Point, then - immediately to fighting against insurgencies in the Philippines and the occupation of Veracruz during the Mexican Revolution. By the 1920s, he was already the youngest Major General in the United States Army and the super-intendant of West Point, which he reformed to address the changes in modern warfare since the Weltkrieg. After service in his old academy, he returned to his second home, the Philippines - but his time there was brief, as deteriorating situation in the United States forced him to return in 1930.\n\nAs political battles raged in Congress and behind closed doors, MacArthur's name kept being mentioned as a blessing or as a curse - everyone knew of his persona, and everyone knew what it stood for. To imagine that the United States Army could intervene in civilian politics, undermine democracy, as if it was some tinpot Latin American dictatorship and not the birthplace of democracy... was a hard pill to swallow for many in the upper echelons of government. President Smith found himself relying upon MacArthur's strongarm control of the army more and more to prevent a collapse of order, and now that he's gone, the General made no surprises and did exactly what was foretold.\n\nWrapping himself in the corpse of American democracy, MacArthur now commands a junta of conservative politicians and business interests to defend the America they hold dear from everyone on the political spectrum. To what end? To be a Cincinnatus, or a Caesar? Only the flamboyant, egotistical, yet surprisingly enigmatic General in Washington knows.§!"
 USA_douglas_macarthur_civilian_leader_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 26th, 1880, in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LWhen America was in crisis, the name \"Douglas MacArthur\" was often spoken of in the halls of Congress with worried tones, men fearful of the prospect that he may simply march on the White House and prove to be the slayer of American democracy. But though the later war would scar the United States forever, democracy, however damaged, survived. MacArthur's career, on the other hand, prospered. His talented command, strong leadership, and affinity for the national spotlight transformed him into a war hero. With the conflict's end, it came as little surprise that he would seek the nation's highest office through more legal means.\n\nWinning the Republican nomination and finally the elections, America's citizens hope that their new President can show the same resolve he did in war, at peace.§!"
 USA_douglas_macarthur_army_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 26th, 1880, in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LDouglas \"Big Chief\" MacArthur, born from a long family line of military men, graduated from West Point as an Engineer Corps second lieutenant in 1903 with the highest grade in the academy's history. In 1904, he was promoted to first lieutenant and travelled to the Philippines in order to help his father with the construction of their headquarters. Through his father's influence, MacArthur quickly became a military advisor to President Theodore Roosevelt until 1908, where he took command of an engineer company in Fort Leavenworth, reaching the rank of Captain in 1911. All these high profile postings allowed him to join the American General Staff in 1912, at the young age of 32. MacArthur took part in the occupation of Veracruz, learning Spanish in a matter of weeks and taking part in several small skirmishes with the rebels. He returned to America in 1919, when he was assigned as the Director of the United States' Military Academy at West Point. In 1922, he returned to the Philippines, this time to inspect the island's defence status, and having to intervene personally to end mutiny of Philippino scouts. With his promotion to Major General in 1925, his notoriety only grew and grew, being sent to the 1928 Olympic games in the Netherlands to head the American Olympic Committee. However, MacArthur was also forced to comply with orders he didn't agree with, like the court martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell, which MacArthur has called \"one of the most distasteful orders I ever received\". He has since then become the highest ranking American Officer, although he has had a troubled relation with the government's executive branch.§!\n\n§YNotes: Born from a family that fought in the Civil War, MacArthur is willing to do whatever is necessary to keep America as a united, great and free country.§!"

 USA_united_states_congress: "United States Congress"
 USA_united_states_congress_sic_desc: "§YFounded:§! §LMarch 4th, 1789, in New York City, New York, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LThe United States Congress is vested with the power to write laws, pass budgets and declare war. Provisions for a veto override, requiring two thirds of both Houses to agree, keeps Presidential veto power in check.§!"

 USA_john_edgar_hoover: "John Edgar Hoover"
 USA_john_edgar_hoover_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 1st, 1895, in Washington, D.C., United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LA native son of Washington DC, J. Edgar Hoover is the director and public face of the Federal Bureau of Investigations. His allies credit him with stemming the tide of organised crime and protecting the innocent. Hoover's critics say that he has gained political power through scapegoating immigrants as the cause of organised crime. Malicious rumours are spread that Hoover is in a relationship with his male secretary, and is an African-American passing as white.§!"
 USA_john_pierpont_morgan_jr: "John Pierpont Morgan Jr."
 USA_john_pierpont_morgan_jr_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LSeptember 7th, 1867, in Irvington, New York, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LJ.P. Morgan Jr is heir of the great fortune amassed by his father, centred around their control of the J.P. Morgan Co. bank. Their investments in heavy industry have contributed to the consolidation of several industries, though Morgan has also heavily focused on philanthropy and lobbying for a more active foreign policy. A proponent of closer ties with the Entente (at least in part due to his prior investments during the Weltkrieg) his disdain for the Kaiserreich's hegemony was deepened by an attempt on his life by a German monarchist in 1915. Still heavily influential in American commerce and industry, he makes for a powerful ally and lobbyist.§!"
 USA_william_randolph_hearst: "William Randolph Hearst"
 USA_william_randolph_hearst_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 29th, 1863, in San Francisco, California, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LHearst is the owner of the Hearst Communications, which owns several high circulation newspapers across the country. Hearst has played a role in politics since his support for the Spanish-American War of 1898. Despite his repeated tries, Hearst has failed to ever win an elected position in government, and his newspapers have attacked syndicalism and monarchism ever since the first Weltkrieg.§!"
 USA_charles_andrew_willoughby: "Charles Andrew Willoughby"
 USA_charles_andrew_willoughby_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LMarch 8th, 1892, in Heidelberg, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn in Heidelberg, Germany, Willoughby has a distinguished career in the Army and foreign service. Willoughby, serving as an attaché observing fighting in Italy, Germany, and Spain. Because of this experience he is highly valued by Douglas MacArthur.§!"
 USA_hjalmar_petersen: "Hjalmar Petersen"
 USA_hjalmar_petersen_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 2nd, 1890, in Eskilstrup, Falster, Kingdom of Denmark§!\n§YBackground:§! §LPetersen has served in the Minnesota House of Representatives then in Congress under the Farmer-Labor Party. In favour of extending the rights of unions, Petersen is one of Floyd B. Olson's main allies in Congress.§!"
 USA_walter_francis_white: "Walter Francis White"
 USA_walter_francis_white_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJuly 1st, 1893, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LWalter White was born to parents of mixed race, legally black in his home state of Georgia despite having light skin and blue eyes. Walter White studied under W.E.B. Dubois and eventually rose to secretary of the NAACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. White has made inroads for the NAACP and the establishment parties, bolstering the trust the African-American community has in the government.§!"
 USA_robert_ferdinand_wagner: "Robert Ferdinand Wagner"
 USA_robert_ferdinand_wagner_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJune 8th, 1877, in Nastätten, Province of Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn in Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, Wagner emigrated to the USA and won a seat in New York State government. Wagner spent his decades in office as an advocate for labour unions and worker safety. The Democratic politician Al Smith relies in Wagner to bolster his own popularity among the urban North. Wagner is an advocate for direct intervention in the economy to reverse the effects of the Great Depression.§!"
 USA_felix_frankfurter: "Felix Frankfurter"
 USA_felix_frankfurter_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 15th, 1882, in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria below the Enns, Austria-Hungary§!\n§YBackground:§! §LBorn in Vienna, Austria, Frankfurter emigrated to the USA and became an assistant to a U.S. District Attorney. Frankfurter's career in law saw him ruling in favour of Federal Agencies over state laws. This led Frankfurter to help found the ACLU, the American Civil Liberties Union. Frankfurter has used his allies in the establishment to sway labour unions away from syndicalism, and to push for intervention against genocidal regimes abroad.§!"

 USA_samuel_taliaferro_rayburn: "Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn"
 USA_samuel_taliaferro_rayburn_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 6th, 1882, in Kingston, Tennessee, United States of America§!"
 USA_john_davison_rockefeller_jr: "John Davison Rockefeller Jr."
 USA_john_davison_rockefeller_jr_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 29th, 1874, in Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America§!"
 USA_william_signis_knudsen: "William Signius Knudsen"
 USA_william_signis_knudsen_advisor_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LMarch 25th, 1879, in Copenhagen, Kingdom of Denmark§!"

 USA_theodore_edson_chandler: "Theodore Edson Chandler"
 USA_theodore_edson_chandler_theorist_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LDecember 26th, 1894, in Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America§!"

 USA_malin_craig: "Malin Craig"
 USA_malin_craig_army_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LAugust 5th, 1875, in St. Joseph, Missouri, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LMalin Craig graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1898 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant and assigned to the 4th Infantry Division. However, he was quickly transferred to the Cavalry corps, to the 6th Cavalry, where he took part of the Santiago Campaign in Cuba, and later take part of the China Relief Expedition fighting the Boxers, where he was promoted to First Lieutenant. He then attended the Infantry and Cavalry School between 1903 and 1904, and the Staff College between 1904 and 1905. After graduating his courses, he was promoted to Captain and posted with the 10th Cavalry in Fort Leavenworth. In 1910 he entered the Army War College and graduated the next year, becoming a member of the General Staff and Chief of Staff of the Maneuver Division. After several appointments and relocations, he was posted as director of the Army War College, reached the rank of Colonel and was assigned to the District of Arizona in 1920. He was promoted to Brigadier General the following year and assigned as commandant of the Cavalry School in Fort Riley. Due to his exemplary service, he was promoted to Major General in 1924 and assigned as Chief of Cavalry. He later served in a series of very important senior staff positions until becoming Commandant of Army War College from 1930 to 1935, when he was promoted to Three Star General.§!\n\n§YNotes: He has expressed in High Command Meetings and the Congress that the Army is lacking of preparedness in manpower and material, stressing the essentiality of lead time in military preparedness and focused attention on army planning as keys to victory. While he has agreed in the past with other Cavalry Officers that Mechanisation may be inevitable, he has stressed that the US Army first needs a large standing army to protect its industry before the Army can dream on fielding Tanks on a large scale.§!"

 USA_dwight_david_eisenhower: "Dwight David Eisenhower"
 USA_dwight_david_eisenhower_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 14th, 1890, in Denison, Texas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LDwight David \"Ike\" Eisenhower, a fan of military history since a young age, applied for both West Point and Annapolis in 1910, being accepted in the former after the highest ranking candidate failed the physical requirement in 1911. He graduated in 1915 along with Omar Bradley and was almost discharged due to a leg injury, but West Point's chief medical officer interceded with the War Department and obtained a commission for him. Eisenhower would be posted with the 19th Infantry Regiment in the Mexican Border and reached the rank of Captain in 1917. He was transferred to Fort Benning in late 1918, where he remained training with the Camp Polk Tank school until the 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy. \"Ike\" was promoted to Major in 1920. His interest in armoured warfare only grew and grew, and quickly joined Patton's and Van Voorhis in their requests of increased funding for a mechanisation programme. In 1924, he was sent to Panama, where he served under General Fox Conner, who decided to tutor \"Ike\" into philosophy, military history and military theory and was selected in 1925 for the Command and General Staff College, graduating first in a class of 245 officers. Conner would help \"Ike\" to get into the War College, becoming one of the youngest students of the academy and receiving the praise of General Pershing himself. After his graduation, he was assigned to the Army War College, and then served as executive officer to Major General George Van Horn Moseley, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to 1933. Since then he has served as chief military aide of General Douglas MacArthur, accompanying him to the Philippines, where he served as assistant military advisor to the Philippine government. Since then, he has become MacArthur's undisputed second in command, and while their personalities tend to clash often, many claim that their skills complement each other.§!"

 USA_clarence_ralph_huebner: "Clarence Ralph Huebner"
 USA_clarence_ralph_huebner_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LNovember 24th, 1888, in Bushton, Kansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LClarence Ralph Huebner was born into a poor farming family, and so he was unable to afford joining the military academy outright. Instead, he enlisted as a private for the Army, serving in the 18th Infantry Regiment for nearly seven years and reaching the rank of Sergeant by 1916. He took part in the Pancho Villa Expedition, performing remarkably and earning the rank of Second Lieutenant, after which he was sent to the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth. He reached the rank of Major before becoming a teacher in the academy from 1929 to 1933. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1934 and has served with the Office of Chief of Infantry since then, putting him next in line for the promotion of Brigadier General.§!\n\n§YNotes: Has grown personally attached to leading the 1st Infantry Division \"The Big Red One\" due to his years of service within it.§!"

 USA_edward_hale_brooks: "Edward Hale Brooks"
 USA_edward_hale_brooks_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 25th, 1893, in Concord, New Hampshire, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LLike many of his fellow officers, Edward Hale Brooks didn't start his military career after high school, instead he first joined the Norwich University, where he joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps in 1915 and graduated in 1916 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering. He was assigned as a Captain of the 1st Cavalry Regiment of the Vermont National Guard until 1916 when he quit military life to focus his energy on his job as an Engineer. This lasted until the National Guard was recalled shortly afterwards for the Pancho Villa Expedition, however, he didn't see any action there. Wanting to further his military career, he joined the Army Field Artillery School at Fort Sill in 1921, graduating the next year and remaining as an instructor until 1926. He was then assigned to the command of Battery \"D\" in the 24th Field Artillery Regiment at Fort Stotsenburg in the Philippines. He remained there until 1928 where he was assigned to the 18th Field Artillery Regiment in Fort Riley. He later attended the Army Command and General Staff School in 1932, graduating two years later and went to Harvard University as an instructor of the ROTC, reaching the rank of Major in 1935.§!\n\n§YNotes: Currently undergoing training at the Army War College and is expected to graduate in early 1937.§!"

 USA_geoffrey_keyes: "Geoffrey Keyes"
 USA_geoffrey_keyes_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 30th, 1888, in Fort Bayard, New Mexico, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LGeoffrey T. Keyes began his military career when he enrolled as a cadet in West Point in 1908, graduating in 1913 as a cavalry second lieutenant. He was first assigned to the 6th Cavalry Regiment until 1916, where he took part in the Pancho Villa Expedition. After the return of the Expedition, he became an instructor at West Point. He was later assigned to the Panama Canal Division as Assistant Chief of Staff to Fox Conner. He returned in 1923 to sign up for the Army Command and Staff School, graduating in 1926. He then climbed the ranks until becoming Chief of Supply in the Supply Division within the War Department.§!\n\n§YNotes: Currently attending the Army War College and expected to graduate in early 1937.§!"

 USA_jonathan_mayhew_wainwright: "Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV"
 USA_jonathan_mayhew_wainwright_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LAugust 23rd, 1883, in Walla Walla, Washington, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LJonathan Mayhew \"Skinny\" Wainwright IV began his military career being commissioned as a Cavalry Second Lieutenant after graduating West Point in 1906. He was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Regiment in Texas from 1906 to 1908 and later took part in fighting the Moro Rebellion in the Philippines between 1908 and 1910. He later graduated from the Mounted Service School in Fort Riley, before being promoted to Captain in 1916 and becoming an instructor there. He was assigned in 1921 to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment between 1923 and 1925. He then took up several staff positions until being promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1929, before signing up to the Command and General Staff School and Army War College, where he graduated in 1931 and 1934 respectively. Wainwright was promoted to colonel in 1935, and with rumours of dissent within the cavalry corps, Wainwright was given an early promotion to Brigadier General in late 1935 for his loyalty to MacArthur.§!"

 USA_joseph_warren_stilwell: "Joseph Warren Stilwell"
 USA_joseph_warren_stilwell_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LMarch 19th, 1883, in Palatka, Florida, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LJoseph Warren \"Uncle Joe\" Stilwell joined West Point in 1900 thanks to his family connections with the US President at the time, William McKinley. He graduated in 1904, with a special note made of his sporting prowess and his ability to learn new languages. He then became a teacher at West Point and underwent the Infantry Advanced Course and the Command and General Staff College, reaching the rank of Captain in 1916. He served as an instructor in Fort Benning during the '20s, reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1929, and then served 3 tours in the American Legations in China, with his last posting being in Tianjin before being called back to the US. For this, he was promoted to brigadier general, and since then has been working as assistant commander of the 2nd Infantry Division.§!\n\n§YNotes: A member and loyal supporter of the Republican Party. Stilwell has developed a controversial reputation amongst his own troops, being known as \"Uncle Joe\" for his emphasis on minimising army etiquette but also being known as \"Vinegar Joe\" for his harsh critiques of field performances.§!"

 USA_leonard_townsend_gerow: "Leonard Townsend Gerow"
 USA_leonard_townsend_gerow_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJuly 13th, 1888, in Petersburg, Virginia, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LLeonard Townsend \"Gee\" Gerow began his military career attending the Virginia Military Institute, from where he graduated as a recipient of an \"Honor Appointment\", which allowed him to completely skip West Point and become an Infantry second lieutenant in September 1911. In 1915 he received a commendation for his work in the hurricane relief efforts around Galveston, Texas, and served at and near the city of Veracruz during the Pancho Villa Expedition, reaching the rank of Captain in 1917. He then took up an interest in the signal corps, serving without much distinction until signing up in the Advanced Course at the Infantry School in Fort Benning, graduating top of his class in 1925, with Omar Bradley being second. He then entered the Army Command and General Staff School, becoming a friend of Dwight Eisenhower and graduating in 1926. He then immediately signed up to the Officer's course in Chemical Warfare and Tanks and took a course in the Army War College, where he was promoted to colonel in 1932 and then assigned to the American Legation Garrison in Shanghai. He returned to the US in late 1935 and was promoted to Brigadier General thanks to his stellar performance in China.§!\n\n§YNotes: Gerow has been particularly interested in expanding the Army's Tank Corps since he finished his 1931 course.§!"

 USA_lesley_james_mcnair: "Lesley James McNair"
 USA_lesley_james_mcnair_army_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LMay 25th, 1883, in Verndale, Minnesota, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LLesley James \"Whitey\" McNair started his military career by signing up for the Naval Academy, where he was put on a waiting list and began studying at the Minnesota School of Business while he waited. In 1900, he changed his mind and decided to sign up to the Military Academy, where he graduated from West Point in 1904 as a second lieutenant. He was assigned as platoon leader of the 12th Battery of Mountain Artillery in Fort Douglas, but he would request a transfer to the Ordnance Department shortly after. Thanks to his studies in Minnesota, he managed to be appointed to the overseeing boards which developed new weapons for firearm companies, managing to reach the rank of First Lieutenant in 1909. He continued gaining relevance in the army thanks to his great leadership skills and technical expertise, reaching the rank of Captain in 1914 and taking part both in the Veracruz Expedition and the Pancho Villa Expedition with the 4th Field Artillery Regiment. He reached the rank of Major in 1917 and continued to take part in overseeing boards, experimenting with different types of artillery pieces as the Army began to prepare for possible involvement in the Weltkrieg that never came.\n\nHe was later assigned to the Army's Hawaiian department where he helped test new methods in coastal defence as well as spearheading the review of War Plan Orange, in the case of a Japanese attack of Hawaii. However, his involvement in what came to be known as the \"McNair Board\" ended up drawing controversy from the Air Service Branch of the Army, which would later result in McNair presenting testimony against Billy Mitchell during a 1925 trial. He reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1928 and entered the War College, graduating two years later and serving as a teacher in the U.S. Army Field Artillery School and as commander of the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934. He reached the rank of Colonel in 1935 and became Executive Officer for the Army's Chief of Field Artillery. He finally reached the rank of Brigadier General in late 1935 by Major General Upton Birnie Jr.'s own recommendation to MacArthur.§!"

 USA_lloyd_ralston_fredendall: "Lloyd Ralston Fredendall"
 USA_lloyd_ralston_fredendall_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LDecember 28th, 1883, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LLloyd Ralston Fredendall entered the United States Military Academy in 1905 thanks to his father's army connections and the nomination of Wyoming Senator Francis E. Warren. However, he did poorly and was dismissed from the academy in just one semester. His mother managed to convince the Senator to appoint him again the next year, but he dropped out, and while the Senator tried to appoint him for a third time the following year, he was rejected by the academy itself. Instead, Fredendall attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and undeterred by his experience in West Point, he took the officer's qualifying exam in 1906, achieving the highest grade of all the applicants. On February 13th, 1907, he was finally commissioned as an infantry second lieutenant. Lloyd would then spend the rest of the decade working in several of the army's overseas schools, where he built a reputation of being an excellent teacher, trainer and administrator of troops. Like many other officers, he filled a series of staff and garrison duties in the United States during the twenties. He became both an instructor and student at the U.S. Army Infantry School, graduating in 1923 with distinction from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff School and graduating from the U.S. Army War College. During the early thirties, he was posted at the Statistics Branch of Washington, as the Inspector General's Department and later as Executive officer of the Office of the Chief of Infantry. During these staff duties, he met and has held close relations with both George Marshall and Lesley McNair, both of which nominated Fredendall for the rank of Brigadier General, a request that was granted by MacArthur in late 1935. Since then, Fredendall has strengthened his relations with both McNair, Marshall and Marshall's protege, Dwight Eisenhower.§!"

 USA_lucian_king_truscott_jr: "Lucian King Truscott Jr."
 USA_lucian_king_truscott_jr_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 9th, 1895, in Chatfield, Texas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LLucian King Truscott Jr. began his military career by lying his way into officer training, claiming he was a high school graduate who had completed an equivalent to a first year of College. After being accepted, he graduated from Fort Logan H. Roots and commissioned as a cavalry second lieutenant. He remained in the Mexican border for the rest of the decade, serving with the 17th Cavalry Regiment in Arizona, becoming a first lieutenant in late 1918, and a Captain in 1920. He served in various cavalry and staff assignments during the twenties and early thirties, which included a graduation from the Cavalry Officers Course and from the United States Army Command and General Staff College, which earned him the rank of Major in 1934. With the growing unrest in the nation, Truscott was promoted to Brigadier General in case the situation deteriorates and War Plan White has to be executed.§!"

 USA_walter_krueger: "Walter Krueger"
 USA_walter_krueger_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 26th, 1881, in Flatow, West Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire§!\n§YBackground:§! §LWalter Krueger emigrated to the United States with his mother and his two siblings after his father's death in 1890. He enlisted in the United States Army in 1898 to fight the Spanish-American War with the 2nd United States Volunteer Infantry Regiment, reaching the rank of sergeant during the campaign. He re-enlisted for the Philippine-American War and joined the 12th Infantry Regiment, where he fought under the command of General Arthur MacArthur against the Insurrecto rebels. In 1901, he was finally commissioned as a second lieutenant and posted with the 30th Infantry Regiment in Marinduque until it was transferred back to the United States in 1903. While his unit did mostly garrison duties, Krueger attended the Infantry-Cavalry School and the Command and General Staff College, graduating in 1904 and 1907 respectively. After a second tour in the Philippines, he was assigned to the Department of Languages until 1914, and with the outbreak of the Weltkrieg, Krueger was offered a post as an observer with the German Army, but refused and was posted with the 10th Regiment of the National Guard. He was mobilised towards Mexico, where he took part in Pershing's Punitive Expedition. In late 1918, Krueger accepted to be an observer in Germany, where he was able to come into contact with the top-of-the-line German tactics, which Krueger would carry home when he returned to America in 1920. He was then posted to the Infantry School at Fort Benning, where he began teaching the basics of German Squad tactics to the eager staff, being promoted to major for his work. He'd continue perfecting his abilities, assisting the Army War College and graduating in 1922, and then leaving once more Germany, where he tried to foster good relations between the two countries' general staffs, but failing due to the hostile political climate of Germany towards the US. Krueger would then be assigned to the War Plans Division of the War Department General Staff, being one of the main engineers of the War Plan White, a hypothetical plan in case of another civil within the US. He was promoted to colonel in 1932, and later to Brigadier General for his new involvement in the War Plans Division.§!"

 USA_adna_romanza_chaffee_jr: "Adna Romanza Chaffee Jr."
 USA_adna_romanza_chaffee_jr_army_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LSeptember 23rd, 1884, in Junction City, Kansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LAdna Romanza Chaffee Jr., the son of Major General Adna Romanza Chaffe Sr., graduated from West Point in 1906 as a Cavalry Lieutenant. His first tour of duty was with the 15th Cavalry as part of the Army of Cuban Pacification, where he proved to be an extremely competent horseman (which shortly earned him the nickname \"The Army's Finest Horseman\"). He was next assigned to the Mounted Services School at Fort Riley, Kansas between 1907 and 1911, where he commanded the mounted detachment serving the students and staff of the Army War College. He was then sent to France to attend the French Cavalry School at Saumur in 1913, as tensions began rising in Europe. In 1914 he returned to America to teach in Fort Riley for a short time, but was redeployed to the 7th Cavalry Regiment in the Philippines. He was reassigned in 1915 to the Staff and Faculty at West Point as the Senior Cavalry Instructor in the Tactical Department, where he remained until 1919, when he became an instructor at the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth. The next year, he achieved the rank of Major and was reassigned first to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment and then to the 1st Cavalry Division in 1921. After attending the Army War College, he assumed command of a squadron of the 3rd Cavalry from 1925 to 1927, when he moved to the War Department's General Staff and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. In that post, he began working extensively on compiling the usage of Tanks in the Weltkrieg and developing America's first mechanised and armoured tactics, despite having very few assets available to put his theory to the test. Chaffee left the General Staff in 1931 to serve as the Executive Officer of the newly formed 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Knox, which was planned to be reformed into a mechanised unit. Returning to Washington, D.C. and the War Department in 1934, Chaffee has served as the Chief of the Budget and Legislative Planning Branch and has reached the rank of Brigadier General in late 1935.§!\n\n§YNotes: While held in very high regard by the Cavalry, the General Army staff disagrees with his unproven battle doctrines.§!"

 USA_omar_nelson_bradley: "Omar Nelson Bradley"
 USA_omar_nelson_bradley_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LFebruary 12th, 1893, in Clark, Missouri, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LOmar Nelson \"Brad\" Bradley signed up to join the United States Military Academy in 1911, where he finished second in the placements for the appointments. However, the winner couldn't accept the congressional appointment for the academy, so it was granted to Bradley. He graduated in 1915 and was commissioned as an infantry second lieutenant, and becoming a close friend of another graduate of the same class, Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was assigned to the 14th Infantry Regiment stationed in the Mexican border, reaching the rank of Captain in 1917 and being transferred to guard the copper mines in Butte, Montana, remaining in garrison duties for the rest of the decade. From 1920 to 1924, he worked as a math teacher in West Point, reaching the rank of Major in 1924 and undergoing the advanced infantry course at Fort Benning. Bradley later studied at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff School, graduating in 1929 and serving as an instructor in tactics at the U.S. Army Infantry School, where he met and established good relations with Lt.Col. George Marshall. He taught in West Point from 1929 to 1934, where he took a break to study at the U.S. Army War College, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. With the fears that the War Plan White might be executed in the near future, Bradley was promoted to Brigadier General along with Eisenhower by MacArthur's own request.§!\n\n§YNotes: Largely considered one of the most dependable generals of the US Army, Marshall once described him as \"A quiet, unassuming and capable man, with sound common sense. He has an absolute dependability. Give him a job and forget it\" and that reputation may have helped to speed up his promotion.§!"

 USA_daniel_van_voorhis: "Daniel Van Voorhis"
 USA_daniel_van_voorhis_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 24th, 1878, in Zanesville, Ohio, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LDaniel Van Voorhis began his military career when he left the Washington and Jefferson College in order to enlist for the Spanish-American War as a corporal. He served in the 10th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment and had attained the rank of Captain by the end of the war. After the Spanish-American War Van Voorhis accepted a commission as a second lieutenant in the Regular Army and served in the Philippines from 1900 to 1914. He'd be transferred back to Texas in 1914 during Pershing's Punitive Expedition, and remained in Texas as the commander of the 16th Cavalry Regiment. In 1924 he was assigned as Executive Officer to the Chief of Cavalry, and in 1929 he graduated from the Army War College as a lieutenant colonel. In 1930 Van Voorhis was appointed to command the Army's first experimental mechanised force, receiving the promotion to brigadier general. With the experience he got from his experiment, he developed an organisation system and new tactics for mechanised combat that has placed the United States along with other developed military powers like Germany. Since his appointment to the mechanised 7th Cavalry Brigade, Daniel has been working closely with Adna R. Chaffee Jr. in order to get congressional approval to create a separate and independent armour branch of the Army.§!"

 USA_john_clifford_hodges_lee: "John Clifford Hodges Lee"
 USA_john_clifford_hodges_lee_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LAugust 1st, 1887, in Junction City, Kansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LJohn Clifford Hodges \"Jesus Christ Himself\" Lee began his military career when he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy without having to take entrance examinations for his excellent high school performance and graduated in 1909 with the 12th highest grade of his class, surpassing Devers who was 39th and Patton who was 46th. For his outstanding performance, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant for the corps of engineers. After serving in several garrison posts, Lee was promoted to first lieutenant in 1912 and became an instructor for the Ohio National Guard. He'd choose to be sent to the Mexican border in late 1912 due to concerns that the Mexican Revolution might spill into American Borders. He conducted a series of topographical surveys in the American Pacific possessions, specifically Guam and Luzon in the Philippines, for which he was promoted to Captain in 1916. He was promoted to Major in 1920 and became Assistant Chief of Staff of the new Chicago-based VI Corps Area. He was posted as the District Engineer of Vicksburg, Mississippi when the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 happened, with Lee directing relief work and evacuations of towns and districts. After the passing of the Flood Control Act of 1928, Lee supervised works on the Red River, Ouachita River and Yazoo River and personally directed the construction of a new HQ and of the Waterways Experiment Station. After that, Lee attended the Army War College from September 1931 to June 1932 and became Assistant Commandant of the Army Industrial College, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1934. Since then he has been the District Engineer of the Washington District and with the recent promotions, Lee earned his rank of Brigadier General, where his engineering skills may become vital for the staff.§!"

 USA_james_garesche_ord: "James Garesche Ord"
 USA_james_garesche_ord_commander_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 18th, 1886, in Durango, Colorado, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LJames Garesche \"Sunny\" Ord began his military career when he graduated from West Point as an Infantry second lieutenant in 1909. He'd be assigned to the 30th Infantry regiment and would be active in the Mexican border during Pershing's Punitive Expedition, earning the rank of first lieutenant. After the Expedition was over, he was assigned as Professor of Military Science at the Culver Military Academy. He remained in this post until 1921, where he entered the Command and General Staff College, graduating in 1924 as a Major and remaining in the school as an instructor for a year before joining the Army War College in 1926, of which he graduated in 1929 as a lieutenant colonel. James served on the Supply and Logistics staff of the War Department from 1930 to 1934, and has been since then the Director of the Infantry Board, being very recently promoted to Brigadier General amongst fears of desertions within the staff.§!"

 USA_edwin_forrest_harding: "Edwin Forrest Harding"
 USA_edwin_forrest_harding_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LSeptember 18th, 1886, in Franklin, Ohio, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LEdwin Forrest Harding began his military career when he enlisted to West Point in 1906, graduating in 1909 along with George S. Patton, Jacob L. Devers, John C. H. Lee and William H. Simpson. He was mainly posted in garrison duties until being assigned to West Point as a teacher, first as an Instructor of Modern Language, from 1919 to 1921, then as Instructor in Economics, from 1921 to June 1923, and then as Assistant Professor of History, from June 1923 until August of the same year, when he was reassigned to lead the 15th Infantry Regiment in Tianjin. He remained in the American Legation until September 1929, when he returned to America and was assigned as an Instructor in Fort Benning. In Fort Benning, he met Col. George Marshall, who placed him in charge of the Infantry School's publications. As an editor, Harding became responsible for planning, supervision and editing of the book \"Infantry in Battle\", which has been the first breakthrough of Infantry tactics of the United States Army since the studies of German Armies in the Weltkrieg. He was promoted to Colonel afterwards and has reached the rank of Brigadier General in late 1935, amidst fears of desertion amongst the general staff.§!"

 USA_william_frederick_halsey_jr: "William Frederick Halsey Jr."
 USA_william_frederick_halsey_jr_navy_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LOctober 30th, 1882, in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LWilliam Frederick \"Bull\" Halsey Jr., the son of a naval captain, attended the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis and graduated in 1904. Following graduation he spent his early service years in battleships, and sailed with the main battle fleet aboard the battleship USS Kansas as Roosevelt's Great White Fleet circumnavigated the globe from 1907 to 1909. During the Weltkrieg he was commanding destroyer patrol forces in the Atlantic with the goal to protect the U.S. from a possible sudden attack of the German fleet. After the war he served as a naval attaché in Germany, Norway, Denmark and Sweden. In 1934 the chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics offered Halsey command of the aircraft carrier USS Constellation, subject to completion of the course of an air observer. Halsey elected to enrol as a cadet for the full 12-week Naval Aviator course rather than the simpler Naval Aviation Observer programme and earned his Naval Aviator's Wings on May 15th, 1935. With rising tensions in the United States and the resignation of some of the oldest admirals, he was promoted to rear admiral in early 1936. Despite the old naval tactics of the U.S Navy, Halsey wants to explore the possibility of using an aircraft carrier as the main offensive force of the fleet.§!\n\n§YNotes: After a short period of working with General MacArthur in the early 1930s he claims to \"have a respect for him\".§!"

 USA_raymond_ames_spruance: "Raymond Ames Spruance"
 USA_raymond_ames_spruance_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJuly 3rd, 1886, in Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LRaymond Ames \"Electric Brain\" Spruance went on to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1906, and received further, hands-on education in electrical engineering a few years later. Spruance's first duty assignment was aboard the battleship USS Iowa, an 11,400 ton veteran of the Spanish-American War. In July 1907 he transferred to the battleship Minnesota and was aboard her during the historic around the world cruise of the Great White Fleet from 1907 to 1909. In 1916 he aided in the fitting out of the battleship Pennsylvania and he served aboard her from her commissioning in June 1916 until November 1917. In 1918 he was assigned as Assistant Engineer Officer of the New York Naval Shipyard, before he was ordered to Bath Iron Works for duty in connection with fitting out of destroyer USS Aaron Ward in March 1920. He commanded that vessel during the patrols with the Atlantic Fleet until May 1922, when he was ordered for duty in the Bureau of Engineering. While in that capacity he assumed additional duty as a member of the board on doctrine of aircraft in connection with fleet fire control. He began attendance at the Naval War College in 1926, and graduated in 1927. Spruance served as executive officer of the USS Mississippi from October 1929 to June 1931. He also held several engineering, intelligence, staff and Naval War College positions up to the 1934. He commanded the battleship USS Mississippi from April 1934 to recent times, when he was promoted to rear admiral.§!\n\n§YNotes: His division of ships was connected with USS Constellation and he had good relations with her commander William Halsey Jr.§!"

 USA_frank_jack_fletcher: "Frank Jack Fletcher"
 USA_frank_jack_fletcher_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 29th, 1885, in Marshalltown, Iowa, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LFrank Jack \"Black Jack\" Fletcher, the nephew of Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher, appointed to the US Naval Academy from his native state of Iowa in 1902 and graduated from Annapolis in 1906, served two years at sea, then required by law, and commissioned as an Ensign in 1908. In 1909, he was assigned to the destroyer Chauncey, operating as part of the Asiatic Torpedo Flotilla. Fletcher assumed command of the destroyer Dale in 1910, and in 1912, he returned to Chauncey as her commanding officer. Later this year, he was transferred to the battleship Florida, the flagship of his uncle Frank Friday Fletcher. In April 1914, he was aboard that battleship during the occupation of Veracruz. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for the rescue of refugees on the transport Esperanza. Detached from Florida in July 1914, he served briefly in Tennessee before reporting as an Aide and Flag Lieutenant on the staff of the Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet in July 1914. After a year at this post, he returned to the Naval Academy for duty in the Executive Department. Upon the outbreak of the Weltkrieg he served as gunnery officer of Kearsarge until September 1917, after which he commanded of destroyers to 1919 when he returned to Washington. He was head of the Detail Section, Enlisted Personnel Division in the Bureau of Navigation until September 1922. From 1923 to 1925 Fletcher commanded various ships in the Asiatic Squadron. Returning to the United States, he served at the Washington Navy Yards from 1925 to 1927; became executive officer of the battleship Colorado; and completed the Senior Course at the Naval War College, followed immediately by the Army War College, in preparation for strategic leadership responsibilities. Fletcher became Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Asiatic Fleet in 1931. In the summer of 1933, he was transferred to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Following this assignment he served, from November 1933 to 1935, as aide to the Secretary of the Navy. He assumed command of the battleship USS Colorado, flagship of Battle Division Six, in June 1935 and was promoted to Flag Rank in the mid 1936.§!"

 USA_thomas_cassin_kinkaid: "Thomas Cassin Kinkaid"
 USA_thomas_cassin_kinkaid_navy_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 3rd, 1888, in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LThomas Cassin Kinkaid, the second child of naval officer Thomas Wright Kinkaid, graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in June 1908. His early commissioned service was spent in the battleships Nebraska and Minnesota. In 1913, he began instruction in ordnance engineering and served in that field for the next few years. Lieutenant Kinkaid was an officer of the battleship Pennsylvania in 1917-18 and later in 1918 became Gunnery Officer of USS Arizona. He remained in that ship until mid-1919, when he was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance In Washington, D.C. Lieutenant Commander Kinkaid was next placed in command of the destroyer Hopkins and in 1925-27 was assigned to the Naval Gun Factory. For the following two years, Commander Kinkaid served as Fleet Gunnery Officer and Aide to the Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet. Studies at the Naval War College in 1929-30 were followed by duty as Secretary of the Navy's General Board. He was Executive Officer of the battleship Colorado in 1933-34 and served with the Bureau of Navigation, in charge of the Officers' Detail Section, until mid-1935 when he took command of the USS Tennessee. With increasing tensions in U.S he is considered next in the line for promotion to the flag rank.§!"

 USA_charles_maynard_cooke_jr: "Charles Maynard Cooke Jr."
 USA_charles_maynard_cooke_jr_admiral_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LDecember 19th, 1886, in Fort Smith, Arkansas, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LCharles Maynard \"Savvy\" Cooke Jr. after receiving a degree from the University of Arkansas in 1906 entered the United States Naval Academy, graduating second in the Class of 1910. Between then and 1913 Cooke served in the battleships USS Connecticut, USS Maine, and USS Alabama. He then received submarine instruction and took command of the submarine USS E-2. From 1916 to 1918, he was assigned to shipyard inspection duty at Quincy, Massachusetts. Promoted to lieutenant in 1917 he supervised the outfitting of the submarine USS R-2 and became her commanding officer when she was commissioned. In 1919 and 1920, Lieutenant Commander Cooke repeated the process for the larger submarine USS S-5, distinguishing himself when she accidentally sank on 1 September 1920 by saving the lives of 37 men trapped in her wreck. During the remainder of the 1920s, he was executive officer of the submarine tender USS Rainbow, had shore duty at the Cavite and Mare Island Navy Yards, was gunnery officer of the battleship USS Idaho and served at the United States Department of the Navy in Washington, D.C. From 1931 to 1933, Cooke commanded a submarine division, attended the Naval War College Senior Course, was Commandant of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, had further Navy Department duty and was war plans and logistics officer with the United States Fleet staff. With outbreak of the Civil War and defection of admirals he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral.§!"

 USA_alfred_melville_pride: "Alfred Melville Pride"
 USA_alfred_melville_pride_admiral_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LSeptember 10th, 1897, in Somerville, Massachusetts, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LAlfred Melville Pride studied engineering at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, for several years before dropping out to enlist in the Navy during Weltkrieg. He served first as a machinist's mate in the Naval Reserve, but was soon given the chance to receive flight training and gain a commission as an ensign. In the early 1920s, having joined the Regular Navy, Pride became involved in the experiments to develop U.S. aircraft carriers. He served aboard the USS Langley and also took part in the development of the carriers USS Ranger and USS Constellation, as a member of the original crews. In the early 1930s he went on to study aeronautical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1931, he became the first person to land an autogiro on an aircraft carrier. From 1934-1936 he headed the Flight Test Section at Naval Air Station Anacostia, and with start of the Civil War he was rapidly promoted to the rank of rear admiral.§!"

 USA_daniel_edward_barbey: "Daniel Edward Barbey"
 USA_daniel_edward_barbey_admiral_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LDecember 23rd, 1889, in Portland, Oregon, United States of America§!\n§YBackground:§! §LDaniel Edward \"Uncle Dan\" Barbey graduated from the Naval Academy and was commissioned an ensign in June 1912. His first assignment was aboard the armoured cruiser USS California, which participated in the 1912 United States occupation of Nicaragua. In May 1914 he was transferred to the destroyer USS Lawrence as engineering officer, participating in the United States occupation of Veracruz and received a Letter of Commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for the ship's service during the Mexican Revolution. Until 1922 Barbey served on different destroyers of U.S Navy before becoming assistant engineering officer of the battleship USS Oklahoma in the Pacific. Continuing the pattern of alternating duty afloat and ashore, he then spent two years as Officer in Charge of the Portland Navy Recruiting Station, before returning to the Atlantic as engineering officer of the light cruiser USS Cincinnati in June 1925. From February 1927 to June 1928, he was executive officer of the oil tanker USS Ramapo. He then spent the next three years as aide to the Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy. From June 1931 to June 1933 he commanded the destroyer USS Lea. He then spent two years as an inspector of ordnance at the Mare Island Naval Ammunition Depot in California, where he was promoted to the rank of commander in September 1933. In February 1935, he was posted to the battleship USS New York as damage control officer. With outbreak of the Civil War he was temporarily promoted to the rank of rear admiral§!.§!"

 USA_kenneth_george_althaus: "Kenneth George Althaus"
 USA_kenneth_george_althaus_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJune 13th, 1895, in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America§!"
 USA_carl_andrew_spaatz: "Carl Andrew Spaatz"
 USA_carl_andrew_spaatz_air_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJune 28th, 1891, in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, United States of America§!"
 USA_ira_clarence_eaker: "Ira Clarence Eaker"
 USA_ira_clarence_eaker_air_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 13th, 1896, in Field Creek, Texas, United States of America§!"
 USA_hoyt_sanford_vandenberg: "Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg"
 USA_hoyt_sanford_vandenberg_air_chief_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJanuary 24th, 1899, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America§!"
 USA_elwood_richard_quesada: "Elwood Richard Quesada"
 USA_elwood_richard_quesada_high_command_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LApril 13th, 1904, in Washington, D.C., United States of America§!"

 USA_william_joseph_donovan: "William Joseph Donovan"
 USA_virginia_hall_goillot: "Virginia Hall Goillot"

 USA_charles_macon_wesson: "Charles Macon Wesson"
 USA_john_henry_manley: "John Henry Manley"
 USA_john_henry_manley_scientist_desc: "§YBorn:§! §LJuly 21st, 1907, in Harvard, Illinois, United States of America§!"
 USA_john_charles_niedermair: "John Charles Niedermair"
 USA_leslie_alfred_skinner: "Leslie Alfred Skinner"
 USA_william_harvey_tschappat: "William Harvey Tschappat"
